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1.
台风活动对陕西重大洪灾事件影响的综合分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
运用统计学、天气学、卫星云图和物理诊断等方法,对1970—2004年35年间发生在陕西重大洪灾事件和近海台风活动(130°E以西的台风)进行分析。结果发现,陕西重大洪灾与近海台风活动相关率达90%。重大洪灾事件主要集中在7、8两个月,约占88%,当影响台风在南海区域生成或从西太平洋西移穿越过130°E时,对陕西重大洪灾影响明显。其暴雨的水汽、能量主要依靠台风低压外围的偏东风急流来输送,以850 hPa层输送最为显著。近海台风活动为引发陕西重大洪灾的暴雨发生、加强,提供了必需的能量和水汽条件,台风的作用是造成陕西重大洪灾事件相当重要的因素。 相似文献
2.
台风与高原东北侧冷锋暴雨的环境场及云图特征 总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2
运用天气学、卫星云图和物理诊断方法,分析20°N以北、130°E以西有台风活动,陕西有地面冷锋东移过境并出现大暴雨的3次典型天气过程,以揭示近海台风活动对青藏高原东北侧冷锋暴雨增幅的特征和规律。结果显示此类暴雨的中尺度对流云团位于冷锋云系的前部,其水平尺度在几十公里到300 km左右,生命史约6~8 h,中尺度系统常具有夜间发展、增强的特征。冷锋暴雨的水汽输送主要依靠台风低压外围的偏东急流来传递,水汽输送以850 hPa层附近最为显著。当台风西行移至台湾岛附近活动,而青藏高原东北侧的陕西有冷锋过境东移时,此时出现冷锋暴雨的降水增幅明显。 相似文献
3.
陕西早春一次罕见暴雨过程的环流演变及水汽输送分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用天气学、卫星云图和物理诊断方法,对2004年2月20日发生在陕西省的一次暴雨过程进行分析。结果发现：其环流演变是一次纬向型朝径向型环流快速调整的过程;暴雨区的主要水汽输送分别由700 hPa孟加拉湾的西南暖湿急流和低纬度热带低气压西侧的850 hPa的偏南气流提供,热带低压西侧的偏南急流直伸到陕西的位置决定了强降水的落区;云图分析显示暴雨期间在菲律宾附近有一个热带低气压云系存在并维持,与夏季出现大范围暴雨时的云图特征较为相似。结论表明对陕西春季的暴雨预报除考虑环流演变外,还应关注低纬地区的水汽和能量输送及热带低压云系活动状况。 相似文献
4.
利用常规的天气图和物理量资料对1994年8月5～6日发生在陕西中部的一次区域性大风、冰雹、强暴雨天气进行诊断分析，结果表明：登陆台风的北上使得副热带高压东退，导致西风槽向东移动，带来弱冷空气，触发了陕西中部不稳定能量的释放。登陆台风向暴雨区输送了大量的能量和水汽。850hPa偏东急流左前侧的辐合区与200hPa西南急流入口区右侧辐散区重叠，产生的急流次级环流为强雷暴提供了持续强劲的上升运动。 相似文献
5.
利用降水实测资料、1°×1°的NCEP格点再分析资料对2000年以来的伴有区域暴雨的重庆秋季连阴雨过程进行统计分析。结果表明:伴有区域暴雨的重庆秋季连阴雨过程主要发生在9月份,重庆西部地区为伴有区域暴雨的连阴雨过程的多发区;可将连阴雨期间区域暴雨就有无台风西进登陆我国分为两类,两类暴雨的影响系统的差异表现为,没有台风登陆时700hPa/850hPa的主要影响系统为切变线或者西南涡;有台风登陆时的主要影响系统则为台风倒槽;24小时变温、低层涡度、假相当位温、整层水汽通量以及比湿对连阴雨期间暴雨的预报有较好的指示意义,同样表征水汽条件的相对湿度的指示意义较差。 相似文献
6.
孙洪伟张宇张鑫王京京 《黑龙江气象》2022,(3):8-11
选取2020年8月27-28日黑龙江省降雨量和风的实况观测资料以及NCEP再分析等资料,分析了2020年“巴威”台风影响黑龙江省时的风雨天气实况、环流形势和物理量场特征。结果表明:“巴威”台风登陆后迅速减弱变性,对黑龙江省的影响主要是暴雨天气,风力影响相对较小。台风减弱变性后的温带气旋以及低层850 hPa和700 hPa风向或风速辐合为产生暴雨提供了较好的动力抬升条件,台风携带水汽及低空急流的水汽输送为产生暴雨提供了充分的水汽条件,低层风场辐合区稳定少动为产生暴雨提供了充足的时间。低层850 hPa比湿、水汽通量、水汽通量散度以及中低层垂直速度等物理量要素对预报暴雨落区和发生时间有较好的指示意义。 相似文献
7.
利用气象卫星、多普勒天气雷达、区域自动气象观测站及常规气象观测资料,结合NCEP/NCAR逐日6 h再分析资料（0.25°×0.25°）,对2018年18号台风“温比亚”及其残骸长时间影响山东引发特大暴雨的成因进行分析发现：1）此次极端降水可分为三个阶段,分别受台风外围螺旋云系、倒槽和变性后温带气旋冷锋影响,其中弱冷空气与台风倒槽相互作用对强降水的产生和维持起到了重要作用。2）“温比亚”缓慢北上过程中,强降水落区从台风东侧逆时针转至其北部倒槽附近,并逐渐远离台风中心,台风强度逐渐减弱。3）冷空气在对流层中层与台风倒槽相互作用,中层冷暖平流增强形成锋区,斜压不稳定能量增强,暖湿空气在锋区附近上升,并与低层倒槽辐合上升运动相配合,引发了倒槽附近特大暴雨的发生。4）此次过程中,低空急流稳定维持,源源不断地将水汽自东海输送至台风倒槽附近,水汽输送集中在800 hPa以下,850 hPa水汽通量辐合强度大于8×10-6 g·cm-2·hPa-1·s-1区域与暴雨落区的形态和位置对应良好。5）对流层中层的弱冷空气和低层的强暖湿气流促进了对流不稳定层结的发展和维持,低层强风速带在鲁中山区迎风坡强迫抬升不断触发中尺度对流系统,在中高层气流引导和地形作用下产生“列车效应”,也是此次过程中局地特大暴雨产生的重要因素。 相似文献
8.
邯郸地区一次登陆台风大暴雨过程观测分析 总被引：2，自引：8，他引：2
受登陆台风"海棠"减弱后低压与东移锋面云系的共同影响,2005年7月21日夜间到23日早晨邯郸地区出现了大范围的暴雨天气。本文从天气形势、水汽输送特征、云系演变特征和大气不稳定条件等方面进行分析,探讨了这次登陆台风暴雨天气的成因。结果表明,台风低压、稳定少变的副热带高压以及500 hPa低槽相互作用,共同造成了这次暴雨天气过程,高纬弱冷空气南下,与台风携带的暖湿空气相遇,加之太行山地形的影响,造成暖湿空气抬升,使得冀南地区产生中尺度对流云团,进而发生强降水。地面自动站以及加密站风场资料分析指出,低空偏北风与偏东风之间的中尺度辐合线对暴雨发生有重要作用,其出现的时间和位置决定了中尺度暴雨天气的发生时间和位置。在水汽输送方面,西部山区的暴雨区水汽主要来源于南海和东海,而东部平原地区的大暴雨,其水汽主要来源于南海。简单的层结分析表明,暴雨区上空存在对流不稳定和对称不稳定共存的现象,两者共同为系统发展和暴雨发生提供了不稳定条件。 相似文献
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采用区域自动站逐小时降水观测数据、GPS/MET大气可降水量观测数据和NCEP/NCAR提供的FNL0.25°×0.25°分析数据，通过对比塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘和田地区2次落区接近、强度不同暴雨过程的环流和水汽特征，分析了影响极端暴雨产生的急流和水汽因子特征，结果表明：沙漠南缘暴雨时环流配置符合“三支气流”模型，高空急流、中层偏南风、低层辐合切变的强度与降水量正相关，当高层有极涡直接南伸至中亚发展而成的副热带大槽、中层有气旋前部的强偏南或西南气流、低层有偏东风急流明显西伸与西风急流形成强辐合时有利于出现极端暴雨。沙漠南缘暴雨的水汽源地、输送路径、水汽含量、饱和层厚度与降水量相关，暴雨的水汽源地一般为欧洲和北冰洋，降水区水汽输入以中低层为主，低层比湿大于6 g?kg-1，饱和层位于700 hPa以上；当中高层有来自阿拉伯海、孟加拉湾的由偏南风输送水汽的加入，低层比湿达8 g?kg-1以上、饱和层扩展至750 hPa以下时，可出现极端暴雨。 相似文献
10.
利用常规气象观测资料、台风最佳路径数据集资料、地面-卫星-雷达三源融合逐小时降水产品(0.05°×0.05°)、FY-2G云顶亮温(0.1°×0.1°)、NCEP／NCAR FNL(1°×1°)再分析资料,对2019年9号台风“利奇马”影响期间2019年8月11日发生的山东特大暴雨过程进行分析。结果表明:1)强降水主要受台风倒槽的影响,台风倒槽在山东中部暴雨区长时间稳定维持,台风东侧的低空东南急流把东海北部的水汽和能量向暴雨区输送,配合200 hPa高空急流的“抽吸作用”,在暴雨区上空辐合抬升,造成具有中尺度特征的暴雨。2)强降水区存在的正涡度区伴随强烈的上升运动、低层辐合、高层辐散的结构和次级环流耦合发展,为此次台风暴雨过程提供了有利的动力条件,而且动力条件的演变在此次台风暴雨过程中的作用比热力条件更重要。3)850 hPa水汽通量辐合中心,以及相匹配的在垂直方向的强上升运动区,对强降水落区和雨强有一定的指示意义。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
13.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献