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1.
《气象与环境学报》2016,(5)
利用2008—2013年西北地区东部169个气象观测站的天气实况资料和NCEP/NCAR 1°×1°再分析资料计算的对流参数对西北地区东部雷暴日进行了天气分型,并应用分型统计的参数阈值对2013年西北地区东部雷暴日进行了试预报。结果表明:2008—2013年西北地区东部雷暴日集中出现在5—9月,占雷暴总日数的85.9%;雷暴日发生的天气形势可分为低涡型、低槽型、西北气流型和西南气流型4种。引入天气型强度指数,研究4种雷暴天气型的自动识别方法,通过天气分型检验表明,天气型自动识别方法可准确的识别雷暴发生的天气形势,且漏报较少。在天气型识别的基础上,进一步进行雷暴物理量诊断表明,消空效果明显。2008—2012年西北地区东部雷暴日回代预报的TS评分为54.1%,漏报雷暴日为4 d;2013年雷暴日试预报的TS评分为51.8%,漏报雷暴日为10 d;雷暴日回代预报与试预报的TS评分均超过气候概率,预报效果较理想,可为西北地区东部雷暴天气预报研究提供参考。 相似文献
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《干旱气象》2016,(1)
利用2008~2013年西北地区东部60个站点天气实况资料以及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料计算出的对流参数,统计各站年均雷暴日数,在前期天气分型的基础上,通过事件概率回归方法,建立了60个站点4~10月24 h雷暴概率预报方程,并对2013年4~10月各站雷暴进行试预报。结果表明:(1)西北地区东部雷暴发生最多的站点位于青藏高原东北边坡地带,最少的站点位于北部戈壁荒漠地带与东部关中平原一带,45%的站点年均雷暴日数在5~10 d之间;(2)前期天气分型过程剔除了一部分未发生雷暴的样本,使得逐步回归建模的总样本数明显减少,有效地提高了预报准确率;(3)基于NCEP/NCAR再分析资料计算的物理量与雷暴有无事件相关性较好,对24 h概率回归方程方差贡献较大;(4)2008~2012年回代预报所有站点平均TS评分为24.2%;2013年试预报所有站点平均TS评分为23.3%,雷暴发生较多的站点预报效果更好。该预报结果较理想,可为西北地区东部雷暴研究提供参考。 相似文献
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采用2007—2015年5—8月NCEP再分析资料和国家站、区域站雷暴大风实况观测资料,利用权重和概率统计相结合的方法,确定与雷暴大风联系紧密的物理量,统计其在所选物理量不同阈值范围内出现的概率,建立雷暴大风概率潜势预报方程,并对预报结果进行检验。结果表明:(1)雷暴大风出现在白天与夜间所选物理量参数有所不同。无论白天或夜间,其在山区与其它地区的物理量阈值亦不同。(2)所选每个预报因子的概率统计结果与雷暴大风发生的环境条件基本相符,该概率由因子达到阈值范围内的样本数和在此区间内出现雷暴大风的样本数两者共同决定的。(3)该方法对08—20时和20—08时两个时段雷暴大风预报的命中率均较好,尤其2016年7月最高,预报概率为"60%以上"的命中率接近93%,可预报出雷暴大风出现的概率潜势和可能发生的区域;同时,空报率较高;预报概率为"80%"的预报临界指数更高。 相似文献
4.
国家级强对流天气分类预报检验分析 总被引：16，自引：7，他引：9
预报产品的客观检验是记录、考量各种预报业务质量,促进预报水平提高的重要手段,也是整个天气预报过程中的重要环节。本文采用"点对面"Threat Score(TS)、漏报率、空报率等客观指标首次对2010—2015年4—9月国家级强对流天气预报中雷暴、短时强降雨以及雷暴大风和冰雹等分类预报进行了检验。同时,本文也对强对流天气落区分类预报客观检验存在的问题以及未来发展进行了讨论。检验结果表明:过去6年间,6~24 h时效预报,雷暴TS评分为0.22~0.34,短时强降水为0.18~0.24,雷暴大风和冰雹为0.01~0.07;48、72 h时效预报、雷暴TS评分为0.30~0.40,强对流天气TS评分为0.16~0.23,除雷暴预报TS评分在2012—2013年有所回落外,其他类别的强对流天气预报总体上TS评分呈上升趋势,雷暴大风和冰雹预报评分明显低于其他两个类别。雷暴空报率是漏报率的2~3倍,短时强降水漏报率与空报率接近,雷暴大风和冰雹天气漏报率和空报率都在0.8以上。与美国风暴预报中心(SPC)2000—2010年定期发布的1 d对流展望产品检验结果比较,强天气预报中心雷暴和短时强降水落区预报TS评分较高,雷暴大风和冰雹评分较低。典型个例预报检验结果表明,系统性大范围的风雹天气可预报性较强,评分要显著高于平均预报水平;对于非过程性的、分散的风雹天气,预报难度大,TS评分低。 相似文献
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利用太原市7个国家观测站实况、探空以及MICAPS等资料，对1998—2018年5—9月太原的雷暴大风进行天气学分型，选取雷暴大风的消空因子以及不同天气型下的预报因子并确定其阈值，利用指标叠套法，建立雷暴大风潜势预报方法，并进行预报检验。结果表明：(1)选取700 hPa温度露点差、850 hPa与500 hPa的温差、条件性稳定度指数和混合相层4个环境参数作为消空因子并确定了消空阈值。（2）将雷暴大风分为高空槽型、冷涡型、切变线型、西北气流型和副高边缘型5类，选取了5类天气型下雷暴大风的预报因子，利用指标叠套法，建立了太原雷暴大风潜势预报方法。(3)运用雷暴大风潜势预报方法开展历史样本回报检验和2019-2020年试预报检验，取得了较好的预报效果。 相似文献
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利用2001—2011年中国西北地区东部10个特征站地面常规资料和MICAPS系统特征参数资料,分别运用改进的二元Logistic回归法和综合多指标叠加法,通过短时强降水天气学概念模型识别入型、水汽条件消空、敏感物理参数诊断等方法逐级判别,建立了两种短时强降水预报模型,并运用模型试预报2012年该区域的短时强降水过程。结果表明:两种新建预报模型相比平均气候概率模型试预报效果都有明显提高,而且前者高于后者;其中二元Logistic回归模型试预报TS得分高达46.6%,综合多指标叠加模型试预报TS得分19.6%,而平均气候概率模型试预报TS得分仅9. 7%;除西南气流型两者预报效果相当外,不同概念模型下二元Logistic回归模型试预报效果均优于综合多指标叠加模型。 相似文献
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利用1979—2016年6月EAR5再分析资料,选取湿热力平流参数、热力螺旋度、散度通量、水汽散度通量和热力波作用密度5个综合因子,采用核密度估计方法,基于TS评分最优为检验标准筛选确立最优因子和权重组合,构建了湖南区域持续性暴雨概率预报模型,并进行了独立样本检验与业务试用。结果表明:2017—2019年独立样本回代检验,平均TS评分达到29.9%,相比于欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)细网格(平均TS评分为22.4%)为正技巧。在2021年、2022年汛期两次区域持续性暴雨个例的预报试验中,提前24 h的暴雨预报优于ECMWF、CMA-GFS等大尺度模式和CMA-SH、CMA-GD等区域中尺度模式,对湖南区域持续性暴雨有较强的预报能力。 相似文献
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国家级强对流潜势预报业务进展与检验评估 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5
为了推动我国现阶段天气预报业务向专业化和精细化方向发展,国家气象中心自2009年组建了强天气预报中心并开展了国家级强对流落区潜势预报业务。开发了基于加密自动气象站WS报、全国闪电定位监测网、FY系列卫星以及雷达组网等多种实况观测资料的强对流实时监测产品,制定了基于MICAPS 3.0业务平台的《中尺度天气分析规范》,研发了基于全球模式T639以及区域中尺度模式GRAPES-RUC、WRF-EPS等模式输出量的强对流动力热力参数的诊断分析产品及潜势预报方法,建立了国家级强对流天气实时预报业务并发布雷暴、雷雨大风和冰雹、短时强降水等分类落区预报指导产品。对2010年4—9月国家级预报产品进行的客观检验结果表明：6小时间隔雷暴TS评分为18%,短时强降雨为2.6%,冰雹和雷雨大风为2.1%;12小时间隔雷暴TS评分为18.4%,短时强降雨为4.1%,冰雹和雷雨大风为1.3%。 相似文献
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《湖北气象》2015,(4)
使用2012年10月—2014年9月欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)全球集合预报系统逐日降水、5 d和10 d累计降水极端天气指数(EFI)预报资料,分析了降水EFI和强降水、降水气候距平的统计关系。结果表明:整体而言,降水EFI大值区和强降水具有较好对应关系,EFI越大,发生强降水的可能性越大,但随着预报时效增加,EFI的指示作用逐渐下降;对逐日降水EFI大值区和降水落区TS评分表明,在最优TS评分条件下,EFI阈值随着降水量级增加而增大,随着预报时效增加而降低;冬半年(10—3月)5 d和10 d累计降水EFI对过程降水的指示意义优于夏半年(4—9月),但当EFI超过0.4时,随其增加,不同季节对应降水气候距平均迅速增加;另外,5 d累计降水EFI对过程降水的指示作用优于10 d累计降水EFI。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献