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1.
2023年春季(3—5月),全国平均气温为11.5℃,为1961年以来历史同期第七高。除新疆、西北地区西部、西藏等地气温偏低外,我国大部分地区气温均偏高。全国平均降水量为132.7 mm,较常年同期偏少7.4%。降水呈现“北多南少”的特征,华北、黄淮及青藏高原等地降水偏多,东北、江南东部、华南和西南地区降水显著偏少。在对流层中层,春季亚欧中高纬度呈现“两脊一槽”分布,乌拉尔山地区为正高度距平中心,贝加尔湖至巴尔喀什湖为高度场负距平中心,而东北亚上空为位势高度场正异常;西太平洋副热带高压强度较常年偏弱;在对流层低层,热带西太平洋地区维持异常气旋性环流,其以北则为异常反气旋性环流。2023年春季东北亚高压脊指数为1.7,超过1个标准差,为1961年以来第四强,其异常偏强有利于我国北方降水偏多。长江以北地区受反气旋环流影响,异常偏东南风强盛,有利于将西北太平洋的暖湿水汽输送至我国北方地区。赤道中东太平洋自2021年9月开始一次弱La Ni?a事件,该事件一直持续至2023年3月结束,4月赤道中东太平洋海温开始转为暖水位相。2023年春季我国北方降水异常偏多受到赤道中东太平洋海温演变的影响,合成分析表明,在海温由冷转暖的春季,欧亚中纬度地区易出现“两脊一槽”的环流异常分布型,中西路冷空气南下影响我国,同时东亚上空反气旋式环流使得我国北方地区受异常东南风控制,西北太平洋水汽向北输送偏强,为北方地区的降水提供有利条件。 相似文献
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2022年秋季,全国气候总体呈现暖干的特征,其中南方大部出现持续高温干旱。秋季平均气温为1961年以来历史同期最高。秋季降水季节内变率大,9月全国大部降水偏少,10月降水总体呈现南北少、中间多,11月我国中东部大部降水偏多而西部大部降水偏少。9—10月环流异常特征显示我国南方上空为偏北风距平,来自南海和西北太平洋的水汽输送条件极差,西北太平洋副热带高压偏强偏西,我国南方受下沉运动控制,有利于大部地区降水偏少、气温偏高,出现持续干旱。海温外强迫影响分析显示,2022年秋季印度-太平洋暖池异常偏暖,热带太平洋中东部偏冷,赤道印度洋西部偏冷,对应赤道印度洋上空纬向季风环流和太平洋上空Walker环流之间为显著的耦合特征。热带印度洋偶极子(TIOD)显著影响区域为江南西部和西南地区东南部,厄尔尼诺-南方涛动显著影响区域是江南大部和华南北部。即2022年秋季我国南方降水异常偏少受到TIOD负位相和拉尼娜状态的协同影响。 相似文献
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2012年秋季我国气候异常特征总体表现为:气温偏低,降水明显偏多,其中东北、华北以及江南地区降水异常偏多。分析我国气候异常成因表明,我国东北、华北降水偏多主要与西北太平洋中高纬度地区异常的东南风水汽输送有关;而我国江南及华南地区的降水偏多则主要与西太平洋副热带高压西侧的西南暖湿水汽输送密切相关。进一步研究表明,海温异常是影响2012年秋季我国气候异常的最主要的外强迫因子,其中西北太平洋中高纬度地区海温异常偏暖主要影响东北和华北地区的降水,而热带印度洋海温偶极子的正位相分布及赤道中东太平洋地区较弱的暖海温异常分布则主要影响江南及华南地区的降水。 相似文献
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2015年秋季我国气候异常及暖湿成因分析 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1
2015年秋季,全国平均气温较常年同期偏高,降水量偏多明显,为1951年以来同期第三高值,我国总体呈现“暖湿”的特征,但南北方降水特征有明显差异。受水汽条件不同的影响,华南地区为持续性降水,而华北表现为阵性降水。诊断分析表明,华南的持续性降水偏多与超强厄尔尼诺和赤道印度洋偏暖的共同作用有关。赤道东太平洋和赤道印度洋地区海温偏高,加强了西太平洋地区低层的反气旋环流异常,造成西太平洋副热带高压偏强偏西。受副热带高压西侧异常南风的引导,来自南海和西太平洋的异常水汽向华南输送,造成了秋季华南持续降水偏多。而受中高纬度环流经向度偏大的影响,冷空气在华北活跃,配合东路和南路水汽的阶段性输送,则造成了华北的降水偏多。 相似文献
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2019年春季我国主要气候异常特征及可能成因分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
2019年春季(3—5月),全国平均气温为11.5℃,为1961年以来历史同期第四位;全国平均降水量为148.7 mm,接近常年同期,但旱涝分布差异显著。东北、西北地区东部和华南降水显著偏多,而黄淮、江淮及云南大部降水异常偏少,其中云南地区降水量为历史同期最少。气温偏高和降水空间分布不均导致旱涝灾害并存。季内气候变化显著,表现出东亚冬季风环流向夏季风环流转换期的特征。春季(尤其是3—4月)全国大部地区气温偏高受到中纬度环流型的明显影响,乌拉尔山及其以北地区为负高度距平中心,而乌拉尔山以东到贝加尔湖地区为大范围正高度距平,这种异常环流形势非常有利于我同气温整体偏高。另一方面,低伟度大气环流则表现出对热带海温异常的明显响应,西太平洋副热带高压(简称西太副高)异常偏强、偏西及偏南,这基本决定了我国春季降水异常的空间分布型,其强度和位置不仅能够直接影响南方降水分布,同时通过与中高纬异常环流的相互作用,共同影响我国北方降水异常格局。进一步分析热带海温外强迫的影响显示,在El Nino衰减年的春季,热带印度洋海温的增暖对西太副高持续偏强偏西起到更重要的作用;而El Nino事件本身对西太副高强度的影响在春季逐渐减弱,对西太副高南北位置的影响增强。 相似文献
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2016年秋季中国气候特征及其可能成因 总被引：6，自引：5，他引：1
2016年秋季,全国平均气温较常年同期偏高,降水异常偏多,创1961年以来历史同期之最,尤其是110°E以东地区,近一半台站偏多50%以上,这主要受秋季海温和大气环流异常的影响。在赤道中东太平洋冷海温发展的秋季,西太平洋副热带高压往往偏强偏西偏北,自副热带到日本海附近容易出现异常反气旋式环流,有利于水汽向我国30°N以北地区输送,再加上秋季前期东北冷涡活动及中后期贝加尔湖地区低槽维持,冷暖空气交汇,使得北方地区降水偏多。而赤道西太平洋及暖池区海温偏高,对流活跃,台风活动频繁,给华南到江淮一带带来了异常多的降水。 相似文献
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利用1973—2017年浙江省63个常规气象观测站的日降水资料及NCEP/NCAR提供的月平均海温场、风场、高度场和湿度场以及射出长波辐射(OLR)场等再分析资料,运用EOF和距平合成以及t检验等方法,分析了近45 a浙江省2—4月总连阴雨日数的时空分布与全省一致连阴雨分布型的大气环流场及海温场,OLR场等的分布特征,并探讨其成因。结果表明:浙江省2—4月总连阴雨日数空间分布主要有全省一致型、南北相异型两种类型。当欧亚大陆中高纬度为乌拉尔山脊偏强(弱),鄂霍次克海地区槽偏强(弱),副高强度偏强(弱),易发全省一致偏多(少)型连阴雨;浙江上空OLR为负距平区易发生全省一致偏多型连阴雨,浙江上空OLR为正距平区易发生全省一致偏少型连阴雨;全省一致偏多型赤道中东太平洋海温明显偏暖,而全省一致偏少型赤道中东太平洋海温明显偏冷;赤道西太平洋海温为反位相。厄尔尼诺次年,全省一致偏多型连阴雨易发生;拉尼娜次年,全省一致偏少型连阴雨易发生。 相似文献
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我国华南3月份降水年代际变化的特征 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
利用1951～2005年华南3月份降水资料、太平洋年代际振荡(PDO)指数以及NCEP再分析资料,对华南3月份降水年代际变化特征、及其对应的大尺度环流以及与PDO的关系进行了分析。结果表明,华南3月份降水存在显著的年代际变化特征,并且Mann-Kendal突变检验表明华南3月份降水在1978年左右发生年代际突变,从之前的降水偏少转变为降水偏多。我国华南3月份降水与PDO有着显著的相关。进一步研究表明,在年代际降水偏少时期,PDO处于负位相(北太平洋海温偏高,中东太平洋海温偏低),北太平洋海平面气压场和高度场偏高,亚洲大陆海平面气压场和高度场偏低,赤道西太平洋到赤道东印度洋附近的海平面气压场偏低,赤道辐合带附近地区的高度场偏低,东亚对流层大气偏暖,西太平洋副热带高压偏东,东亚高空急流偏北,东亚Hadley环流偏弱。在年代际降水偏多时期,PDO处于正位相,情况则与降水偏少时期相反。 相似文献
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1992年2月,冷空气活动偏弱,北方大部地区气温偏高,降水偏少;暖湿气流强盛,南方大部地区降水偏多;华南、西南气温偏低。 概况 2月,北方大部以及江淮、江南大部的平均气温较常年同期偏高,东北大部、华北东部、黄淮和江淮地区以及新疆北部偏高2—3℃,其中新疆西北部、内蒙古东部和辽 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献