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利用2010—2021年中国气象局灾情直报、地面观测、多普勒雷达资料，分析了伊犁河谷冰雹时空分布及雹云雷达回波：（1）5—8月是冰雹高发期，其中6月出现冰雹次数最多且雹暴发展最为旺盛；其日变化峰值在16—19时，19时出现最多。（2）冰雹易出现在河谷喇叭口地形的南北两侧，昭苏县的冰雹占伊犁河谷冰雹总数的一半以上且多为普通单体和多单体风暴，线风暴和超级单体风暴多发在霍城县。（3）统计32个雹云雷达回波初步凝练出预警指标：当反射率因子大于50 dBZ，回波顶高大于8 km，VIL出现跃增时，应警惕冰雹的发生；当回波顶高发展到11 km以上，出现冰雹的概率较大；（4）4类雹暴分别具有如下特征：普通单体多为高悬的质心；多单体风暴生命史较长，会反复影响同一地区；线风暴组织性较差，结构松散，低层常出现钩状回波；超级单体风暴基本具备所有典型回波特征，但有些个例中气旋不明显。 相似文献
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利用2016-2019年贵州省人工影响天气作业站点上报信息、市（州）的灾情快报,以及毕节、贵阳、兴义3部新一代多普勒天气雷达资料等,分析贵州中西部7个具有多阶跃增特征的雹云单体的雷达参数演变特征,研究发现：（1）二阶跃增冰雹云演变呈发展-跃增-降雹-减弱-再发展-跃增-降雹的趋势;（2）降雹时刻,雹云的最大反射率因子（MaxREF）、45dBz回波高度（H45dBz）、回波顶高（H0dBz）、垂直累积液态水含量（VIL）平均值分别为63.4 dBz、7.55km、12.01km、39.08 kg/m2;大冰雹对应的MaxREF和VIL较小冰雹更大,大冰雹、小冰雹的H45dBz差别不大,大冰雹对应的H0dBz反而小于小冰雹;（3）冰雹发生前,MaxREF、H45dBz、H0dBz和VIL两个体扫间平均最大跃变分别为：5.89 dBz、2.19km、2.82km、17.5 kg/m2,跃变现象的出现比冰雹发生时刻平均提前21.4、22.2、28、28.8min,可以作为冰雹发生前的重要判断依据。 相似文献
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利用柳州多普勒天气雷达、常规观测和地面自动站资料,对2008—03—20发生在广西北部的超级单体雹暴的环境条件和回波结构演变特征进行了详细分析。主要结果如下：①即使位势不稳定较低,只要0℃层和-20℃层高度适中、有较强的垂直风切变,并且具备一定的水汽条件和触发机制,就有可能发生雹暴。②VIL值和强回波区高度跃增反映冰雹碰并增长过程,降雹期两者多次跳跃使雹暴长时间维持。③对于矮顶超级单体风暴,VIL密度更能反映降大冰雹的潜势。④双倒“V”字型人流缺口和双有界弱回波区的出现意味着即将降雹,并且降雹时间较长。 相似文献
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安徽地区春夏季冰雹云雷达回波特征分析 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：2
分析安徽地区春夏季冰雹云雷达回波特征,对人工影响天气防雹作业有重要意义。根据2002—2013年间安徽省地面降雹资料,结合合肥新一代天气雷达(CINRAD)探测资料,使用Storm Cell Identification and Tracking (SCIT)算法设计风暴识别、追踪程序,得到3—8月59站次的降雹过程。统计分析冰雹云回波强度、回波高度、单体VIL等特征信息,结果表明：6—7月安徽地区降雹概率最大,1日中15—18时降雹概率最大。安徽地区春夏季冰雹云回波强度至少为55 dBz,大多数为60~70 dBz,单体VIL至少为30 kg·m-2,大多数为40~80 kg·m-2。单体VIL与最大反射率的变化趋势比较一致,最大值往往出现在降雹时间附近。安徽地区春夏季冰雹云回波顶高平均13.6 km,30 dBz风暴顶高平均12.1 km,最大回波顶高达17 km以上。 相似文献
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张磊 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2013,7(4):26-30
应用阿克苏CINRAD/CC型多普勒雷达产品,对2009年7月27日发生在乌什县的强冰雹天气过程进行分析,得出以下结论：（1）本次强冰雹天气发生、发展的主要机制是受中低层切变线和辐合线的共同影响;（2）雹云内存在较强的气流辐合和垂直风切变,径向速度图上有逆风区、辐合区等中尺度强降水特征出现;（3）强雹云的反射率因子可达60 dBz以上,在VCS剖面中前悬回波、回波墙、穹窿等雹云的特征回波明显;（4）VIL、VWP产品变化能够很好地指示云体发展情况,是判别降雹潜势的指标。 相似文献
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利用建阳新一代天气雷达特征参数资料,结合常规探空资料和实况资料,对近6a(2008~2013)闽北春季(3~6月)地面降雹出现前垂直积分液态含水量(VIL)的演变特征、强中心高度(Ht)、风暴顶高(TOP)和组合反射率强度(CR)临界值进行统计分析发现:降雹前,94%的雹云单体的VIL出现了"跃增"现象,1个体扫时间△VIL≥12kg?m~(-2),且跃增后的VIL≥31kg?m~(-2),VIL跃增时间提前量△T平均为5.7个体扫时间;降雹前6min内总样本的Ht平均值高度陡降了1.4km,所有的小冰雹降雹前VIL都只有一次跃增,降雹前VIL多次跃增的,冰雹直径都较大。 相似文献
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利用常规气象观测资料、章丘站探空资料及滨州、济南新一代SA天气雷达探测资料,对2016年6月14日发生在山东中部地区一次强降雹天气过程进行分析。结果表明：雷暴发生前大气不稳定能量的明显增加,较强垂直风切变是有利于强对流天气发生的环境条件;长寿命超级单体沿两山之间的谷地运动,地形对雹体发生、发展起到了抬升和维持作用,对单体的移动起到了导向作用;雷暴发生前的垂直累积液态水含量（VIL）跃增对冰雹粒子的形成和增长十分有利;超长的三体散射（TBSS）、深厚而持久的中气旋、高悬的强反射率中心、有界弱回波区以及风暴顶强烈辐散都是大冰雹发生的显著特征。 相似文献
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利用常规气象资料、多普勒雷达资料、加密自动气象站资料及第五代欧洲中心再分析资料(ERA5),分析了2019年6月发生在黄河口地区的6次局地冰雹天气过程。结论如下：1）6次降雹过程是在有利的环境条件下产生的,大尺度影响系统是东北（华北）冷涡与横槽、中纬度高空槽;冰雹天气即将发生前,对流层低层多存在逆温,有对流抑制,对流有效位能在1 000 J·kg-1以上,环境比较干,0 ℃层与-20 ℃层之间的厚度在1.8～2.3 km,两温度层的高度较经验值偏低。2）雹暴云在发生发展阶段存在最大组合反射率（MaxREF）、回波顶高（ET）和垂直累积液态水含量（VIL）的迅猛跃增;6次雹暴云气柱内冰水含量偏多,且积累迅速,液态水含量较少,雨水含量最少,因而造成降雹时多伴有弱降水。3）雹暴云的中层风场特征表现为雷达径向风的水平切变与垂直切变,而在对流层低层则表现为风向辐合与风速脉动。4）6次冰雹天气发生的地点多在黄河口的沿岸地区;特殊的地理位置有利于在对流层低层形成中尺度风场辐合线,在有利的环流背景下,可激发局地对流或使移入的雷暴云得到迅猛发展,这是导致该地对流频发的原因。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献