共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
梅雨锋上三类暴雨特征的数值模拟比较研究 总被引：15，自引：4，他引：11
中国暴雨的地域性、时间性特征明显,尤其是暴雨多发区--长江流域,沿江不同地段暴雨成因各异.为综合研究长江不同地域暴雨特征和形成规律,利用我国新一代暴雨数值模式AREM对梅雨锋东端(116°E以东)初生气旋类暴雨、β中尺度深对流类暴雨和梅雨锋西端"北槽南涡"类暴雨的典型个例进行了数值模拟.通过诊断分析和比较研究,初步揭示了三类暴雨在结构和形成机制等方面的主要差异.结果表明:(1)梅雨锋上生成并发展的α中尺度气旋是造成梅雨锋东端初生气旋类暴雨的系统.强盛时,系统的垂直上升运动伸展不高,正涡度柱、辐合层以及最大加热和增湿均位于中低层.(2)β中尺度深对流类暴雨发生时梅雨锋区的南北温差很小.在低空辐合风场作用下,强位势不稳定能量的释放导致了β中尺度深对流系统的发生与发展.强盛时,系统的正涡度柱和上升运动柱贯穿对流层,深厚的辐合层达到了中层,最大加热出现在中高层.(3)"北槽南涡"类暴雨是在青藏高原大地形作用下高低空系统有利配置的结果."北槽南涡"的天气系统配置有利于低层辐合的加强和位势不稳定能量的释放,使低层涡旋向中高层强烈发展.强盛时,系统的正涡度柱贯穿对流层,积云对流发展强烈,最强上升运动和最大加热层都位于中层. 相似文献
2.
利用WRF数值预报模式及间歇性同化方法预报结果,分析了2015年8月3日冷锋影响下西安出现的一次对流性暴雨过程。结果表明:本次暴雨具有明显中尺度特征;高层槽线与低层切变线位置近乎重合,锋面陡峭;有β尺度对流系统沿地面锋前发展东移;中尺度对流系统与暴雨雨团对应良好。锋面附近正涡度区、辐合区及上升运动区强度强、范围狭窄,空间结构近于垂直,为局地对流性暴雨发生提供了有利的动力条件。午后持续高温使锋前对流不稳定能量增强,当冷锋移近和低层急流加强时,在有利的秦岭地形影响下触发了锋前不稳定能量释放,导致对流性暴雨强烈发展。 相似文献
3.
梅雨锋暴雨中尺度对流系统研究若干进展 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
梅雨锋暴雨中尺度对流系统是暴雨的直接影响系统,对其结构特征、活动规律及其发生发展的物理机制的深入研究,对提高梅雨锋暴雨的预报能力有重大意义。近年来对梅雨锋暴雨中尺度对流系统的研究取得了很大进展,文章对梅雨锋暴雨中尺度对流系统研究的若干进展作了简要综述,包括梅雨锋暴雨云系多尺度结构、梅雨锋暴雨的β和γ中尺度系统发生发展的环境条件和结构、云微物理分布和转化特征及其对热力动力过程反馈等方面,并对有关问题进行讨论。 相似文献
4.
1998年一次梅雨锋暴雨中尺度对流系统的模拟与诊断分析 总被引：80，自引：12，他引：80
文中利用观测资料 (包括部分‘四大科学试验’资料 )和高分辨率数值模拟结果 ,对 1998年 6月 16～ 17日发生在赣闽浙沿武夷山北麓地区的梅雨锋暴雨中尺度对流系统特征进行了分析研究。分析表明 :(1)本次梅雨锋暴雨发生在对流层中低层中 β尺度低压南侧的中尺度辐合线上 ;在弱的风垂直切变环境下 ,梅雨锋中α对流云系中有数个中 β尺度云呈塔状强烈垂直发展 ,它们是造成暴雨的中 β尺度对流系统。(2 )基于加密探空观测的对流有效位能计算显示 ,赣闽浙沿武夷山北麓地区的强暴雨发生前 ,最大对流有效位能可达到 2 6 0 0J/kg ;通过时间加密的探空观测有可能捕捉对流有效位能的中尺度变化特征。(3)利用高分辨率模拟结果对赣闽浙沿武夷山北麓的暴雨中β尺度对流系统 (中 β降水云塔 )的结构分析显示 ,强烈发展的中 β降水云塔为有利的中尺度动力配置结构 ,即对应着一个狭窄的、从地面伸展到 2 5 0hPa的正涡度区 ,其 1.5m/s的垂直上升运动与低层强辐合和高层强辐散相伴随。(4)通过分析与诊断 ,提出了低层中尺度辐合线上强烈发展的梅雨锋暴雨中 β尺度对流系统的气流运动图像 ,即 :在对流层低层 ,空气从西南和西北两个方向流入中 β降水云塔区 ,在云塔中垂直 (略向东倾斜 )上升 ;靠近云塔南 (北 )侧边缘的上升气 相似文献
5.
针对梅雨锋(湿度锋)上或附近偏南暖湿气流一侧中尺度对流系统不断发生发展和长时间维持而引发长江流域暴雨的观测事实,利用中尺度数值预报模式WRF(V3.1.1)设计了一系列三维理想数值试验,研究了梅雨锋两侧自身水汽差异效应,探讨了基本气流和风垂直切变对梅雨锋上中尺度对流系统发生发展的影响,揭示了梅雨锋对中尺度对流系统的组织... 相似文献
6.
2006年6月5～8日梅雨锋上中尺度对流系统引发福建北部暴雨的诊断分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用1°×1°经纬度的NCEP再分析资料、地面1 h降水和卫星黑体辐射亮度温度资料,分析了2006年6月5～8日引发福建北部大暴雨的梅雨锋上的中尺度对流系统活动,探讨了梅雨锋上或锋前暖区一侧中尺度对流系统触发和增强的动力机制,并进一步研究了强降水凝结潜热造成的非绝热加热在对流系统发生发展中的作用。结果发现:福建北部强降水产生是由梅雨锋上或锋前多个β中尺度或α中尺度的强对流系统活动造成的,这些中尺度对流系统的发生发展与大尺度地转强迫造成的上升运动、武夷山脉等的地形动力强迫抬升作用、梅雨锋锋生以及锋面的阻挡和直接抬升作用有关。梅雨锋上强降水造成的非绝热加热在中尺度对流系统的形成和发展中起到了重要作用。最后,总结出梅雨锋上中尺度对流系统发生发展的概念模型。 相似文献
7.
利用常规观测资料、自动区域站雨量、卫星TBB资料、雷达资料,对恩施州2016年6月24—25日发生的一次大范围暴雨过程进行分析。结果表明:本次强降水,具有典型的两槽一脊"单阻型"梅雨环流特征,在有利的大尺度环流背景下,在高空槽、低层低涡切变、西南急流、地面中尺度辐合线等中尺度天气系统的共同影响、相互作用下,形成了此次大范围强降水。此次暴雨空间上分布不均,局地性强,表现为明显的中尺度对流性特征,雷达回波图上降水性质表现为混合型降水,暴雨的直接影响系统是中β尺度对流系统,且中β尺度对流系统在多个中尺度对流云团合并后加强,时间尺度约为5 h。此次暴雨过程是在上干冷下暖湿强的大气层结不稳定条件下,梅雨锋、边界层辐合线和地形槽的触发作用将前期积累的能量释放产生的强对流天气,同时,副高外围西南气流将南海和西太平洋的水汽向恩施输送,为暴雨的发生提供了有利的条件。 相似文献
8.
应用常规资料、TBB资料和NCEP分析资料,对2007年7月25日发生在湘黔边境的一次梅雨锋大暴雨天气过程进行了分析.结果表明:深厚的高空低槽和副热带高压稳定维持,有利于冷暖空气的辐合和梅雨锋的长时间维持.梅雨锋上不断有中小尺度对流系统产生,这些中小尺度对流系统在受到大尺度强迫作用和梅雨锋自身的强迫抬升作用而发展增强并长时间维持,在暴雨区形成强烈的降水.暴雨区上空具有低层辐合、高层辐散的结构特征,低层的辐合使得涡度往中上层输送,这种耦合形势有利于垂直上升运动和暴雨的维持.积云对流释放的凝结潜热加热对流层中上层大气,引起梅雨锋锋生,维持和促进了垂直上升运动和对流活动. 相似文献
9.
1998年"二度梅"期间突发强暴雨系统的中尺度分析 总被引：76，自引：19，他引：57
采用实测资料,对造成7月20日至22日期间的特强暴雨过程进行了分析,认为,除去副热带高压南退且稳定维持这种有利的大尺度条件外,一系列β中尺度天气系统在长江中游(即鄂东河谷地区)的发生发展是造成本次强暴雨的最直接原因,这类系统的发生发展具有很大的局地性和突发性.分析表明,对流层中低层的水汽的大量集中以及对流不稳定条件的存在可能对此类系统发展提供了有利环境,对其启动的机制作了初步的讨论,认为地形的热力强迫及梅雨锋上的中尺度扰动可能对此类系统的发生发展起了触发作用. 相似文献
10.
利用美国NCEP再分析资料结合地面加密自动站、卫星、雷达等常规资料,对2006年7月3日苏北东部地区一次最强的梅雨锋大暴雨过程进行了诊断分析,揭示了此次过程不同尺度系统的特征.结果表明:(1)此次过程是一次非典型的梅雨锋对流性暴雨,贝加尔湖稳定、强大的高压脊是引发大暴雨过程的大尺度背景条件.(2)高空槽、西南涡、低空急流以及地面气旋为大暴雨提供了强劲的动力和水汽条件.(3)α中尺度上,该暴雨系统的垂直结构为中低层强烈的辐合和上层的辐散,其中心有着强烈的上升气流;同时在中高层,系统的北侧有一个高空急流强迫产生的次级环流.地面多个中尺度涡旋的上升气流汇合成高低空急流耦合产生的次级环流的上升支,这种中尺度暴雨系统的三维结构为强暴雨的形成提供了持久必要的动力、水汽和不稳定性条件.(4)云图上对应一个MCS的发展演变,雷达上弓形回波对应的速度图上的"逆风区"和"中气旋"则是这次过程中局地短时强降水、龙卷的γ中尺度系统. 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
13.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
17.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
18.
19.
《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
DING Yihui WU Guoxiong Da-Lin ZHANG ZHANG Renhe Co-Chief Editors 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(5):669-670
As we will soon celebrate the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Meteorological Society （CMS）,Acta Meteorologica Sinica （AMS）,which was originally named as Bulletin of the Chinese Meteorological Society,has gone through 89 years of development and excitement since her first issue in July 1925.According to archived documents （CMS Editorial Committee,1925）,AMS was founded to report the research findings of Chinese meteorologists,record their recommendations for improving meteorological services,and share their common meteorological interests in order to promote the growth of AMS such that more members could be inspired to conduct atmospheric research and meteorological knowledge would be better disseminated to and benefit the general public.By upholding and carrying forward this purpose,AMS has published many highly valuable scientific papers.Some could be treated as classical articles,which have produced important influences on both domestic and international meteorological communities and the related fields. 相似文献