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粮食作物产量的形成与光温水等气象条件关系密切。我们通过对全省粮食作物产量的时空分布、产量与气象条件相关关系的统计计算,初步分析了我省粮食作物产量划区、增减产年型和影响我省粮食作物产量形成的主要相关时段与气象因子。 相似文献
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自然界中,环境对作物的生长总起着一定的限制作用,作物所能到达的产量也因环境的不同而异。对作物产量的理论估算,为人们充分认识和合理应用农业气候资源、挖掘自然资源潜力提供理论依据。若将外界环境条件当作产量函数的变量,则作物的生物学产量(Y_生)大致可表示成: 相似文献
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气候变化对作物产量影响的评价模式近年来已有许多成果，一般都是采用作物生育期内主要气候要素与作物产量的共变统计关系建立回归模式。该类模式突出了作物生育期内主要气候要素的变化在关键时段的影响，对探索气候变化对作物产量的定量影响规律有一定作用。但是，由于模式只突出了关键时段的影响，而对整个作物生育期内气候变化随时间的连续性影响缺乏认识，所以使气候影响评价工作不能在作物生长过程中进行及时连续的跟踪服务。 相似文献
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作物产量是作物自身生长发育特性、环境条件(气象、土壤条件等)和栽培技术三者共同作用的结果。根据这种认识,我们对产量与上述三者的相互关系进行了试验研究,并通过模拟加以确定和概括;即可用以作出产量预报,为控制作物产量形成过程提供较为可靠的依据。 相似文献
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袁玉江 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》1987,(10)
本文通过对年轮与阿勒泰县春小麦气候产量关系的初步探讨表明:当年轮与作物气候产量受相同的主要气候限制因子制约时,可用年轮来延长作物气候产量序列,并由此外推得到作物气候产量的多年预报值.这既可以从另外一个角度提供作物气候产量的预报,同时又能弥补从气候因子预报气候产量时效短的不足,为作物的长期规划提供参考依据. 相似文献
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基于遗传优化BP神经网络的水稻气象产量预报模型 总被引：9，自引：4，他引：5
利用1951—2010年江苏省水稻产量及同期14个气象站点的逐日平均气温、降水资料,采用因子膨化及相关分析,研究了水稻气象产量的影响因子及影响时段。在此基础上建立了逐步回归、PCA-BP神经网络以及PCA-GA-BP神经网络3种产量预报模型。结果表明:(1)7—9月份是水稻产量形成的关键时期,对气温、降水的变化最为敏感,气温对气象产量的影响大于降水;(2)两种神经网络模型预报效果好于回归模型;(3)遗传优化的神经网络模型比未优化模型的训练速度提高了70%左右,预报精度也提高了4.3%。 相似文献
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Future climate changes, as well as differences in climates from one location to another, may involve changes in climatic variability as well as changes in means. In this study, a synthetic weather generator is used to systematically change the within-year variability of temperature and precipitation (and therefore also the interannual variability), without altering long-term mean values. For precipitation, both the magnitude and the qualitative nature of the variability are manipulated. The synthetic daily weather series serve as input to four crop simulation models. Crop growth is simulated for two locations and three soil types. Results indicate that average predicted yield decreases with increasing temperature variability where growing-season temperatures are below the optimum specified in the crop model for photosynethsis or biomass accumulation. However, increasing within-year variability of temperature has little impact on year-to-year variability of yield. The influence of changed precipitation variability on yield was mediated by the nature of the soil. The response on a droughtier soil was greatest when precipitation amounts were altered while keeping occurrence patterns unchanged. When increasing variability of precipitation was achieved through fewer but larger rain events, average yield on a soil with a large plant-available water capacity was more affected. This second difference is attributed to the manner in which plant water uptake is simulated. Failure to account for within-season changes in temperature and precipitation variability may cause serious errors in predicting crop-yield responses to future climate change when air temperatures deviate from crop optima and when soil water is likely to be depleted at depth. 相似文献
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为研究WOFOST模型对于云南烤烟的适用性,使用2010—2011年在云南烟区玉溪、昭通的烤烟田间实验数据,应用WOFOST模型对云南烤烟潜在生长进行了模拟和验证.用昭通2010年的实验数据作参数校正,得到云南本地化的参数,再用其余实验数据验证.结果显示:WOFOST模型可以较好模拟云南烤烟的潜在生长过程,目前烤烟的产量水平仅相当于其生产潜力的88%左右,仍有提升的空间. 相似文献
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江苏省单季晚稻产量预报的分段加权动态模式 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文利用灰色系统GM(1,1)模型逐段滑动平均模拟趋势产量y_t,根据单季晚稻的穗数、粒数和粒重对最终产量的贡献确定出生育三个阶段的权重,算出各阶段的气象产量。通过MAICE逐步回归方法分别建立各介生育阶段末气候产量的预测模式,分段加权动态地进行单季晚稻的产量预测。最后还作了1986—1988年产量的试报。 相似文献
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Weather models are essential tools for checking of the effect of the weather elements in terms of their effect on the production of the crop. This research is an attempt to see the effect of only two variables i.e., temperature and rainfall for the division Faisalabad (semitropical region of Pakistan).The model fitted is of the linear form:the values of a,b, c have been found. The expected yield has been calculated by using the aridity indices (X1 and X2 ) and the result in the form of coefficient of determination R2 has been found equal to 0.166. The significance of the regression coefficient has been tested, which shows that the contribution to the yield from aridity index at germination and that at ripening is significant.The wheat yields are the results of a wide variety of variables, most of which show varying degree of relationship with one another, some positive and some negative in terms of output. These variables may be technology, fertilizers, pesticides, epidemics, kinds of seeds used, market price of crop and the area under cultivation etc, which can be the source of variation in the wheat yield. Since rainfall during germination and temperature at the ripening periods are the necessary factors for the yield of wheat, for this purpose these parameters have been studied in order to their contribution. 相似文献
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针对干旱灾害频发的辽西地区, 以春玉米为研究对象, 选取WOFOST作物模型, 利用干旱胁迫控制试验数据、田间试验数据和气象数据驱动模型, 进行典型旱年的模型适用性及不同播期的干旱损失评估研究。结果表明: 经过参数校准后的WOFOST模型能够较好的模拟辽西地区典型旱年春玉米产量及损失。辽西地区不同播期受干旱的影响程度不同, 因旱减产风险随播期推迟而减小, 2015年(中旱)干旱导致的平均减产率可达59%—61%, 2018年(轻旱)可达20%—39%, 2020年(中旱)可达36%—62%。不同生育期内干旱对产量的影响程度不同, 总体上拔节期—抽雄期和抽雄期—乳熟期持续重旱对产量的影响最大, 其次是抽雄期—乳熟期、拔节期—抽雄期。玉米各生育期受干旱影响程度, 朝阳站最大, 其次是黑山站和阜新站。辽西地区在旱年, 拔节期—抽雄期发生中旱和重旱风险随播期推迟而增加, 抽雄期—乳熟期发生中旱和重旱风险随播期推迟而减少, 当拔节期—抽雄期和抽雄期—乳熟期连续发生重旱, 干旱灾损程度随播期推迟而加重, 减产率可高达46%—84%。 相似文献
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Studies of sensitivity of a dynamic model of grain crop productivity to soil-hydrophysical information 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The relationship between a target function of a mathematical model of grain crop growth and development—yield—and variations in the soil and hydrophysical information expressed by variations in the soil water-retention function is considered. The function is approximated with a formula based on soil-hydrological constants. The soil profile in the model is represented by a three-layer structure. Each layer has its own agrohydrological characteristics: maximal hygroscopic moisture, wilting moisture, the least moisture capacity, and saturation moisture. The model AGROTOOL, identified from long-term data on field experiment at the Men’kovo experiment station of the Agrophysical Research Institute (the Leningrad region), is used to estimate the influence of variations in these sets on the barley and winter rye yield. It is demonstrated that the yield is most sensitive to variations in the least moisture capacity of the soil and has the least sensitivity to the change in the maximal hygroscopic moisture. 相似文献
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A. D. Kleshchenko V. M. Lebedeva T. A. Goncharova T. A. Naidina N. M. Shklyaeva 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2016,41(4):299-306
The methodological approach is proposed to the estimation of drought-related crop yield loss based on the dynamic statistical model of crop productivity forecasting. The obtained results agree well with the total actual crop yield loss. The approach under consideration is the first stage of creation of operational assessment of expected loss. 相似文献
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A new prediction model for grain yield in Northeast China based on spring North Atlantic Oscillation and late-winter Bering Sea ice cover 
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下载免费PDF全文 Accurate estimations of grain output in the agriculturally important region of Northeast China are of great strategic significance for guaranteeing food security. New prediction models for maize and rice yields are built in this paper based on the spring North Atlantic Oscillation index and the Bering Sea ice cover index. The year-to-year increment is first forecasted and then the original yield value is obtained by adding the historical yield of the previous year. The multivariate linear prediction model of maize shows good predictive ability, with a low normalized root-mean-square error (NRMSE) of 13.9%, and the simulated yield accounts for 81% of the total variance of the observation. To improve the performance of the multivariate linear model, a combined forecasting model of rice is built by considering the weight of the predictors. The NRMSE of the model is 12.9% and the predicted rice yield explains 71% of the total variance. The corresponding cross-validation test and independent samples test further demonstrate the efficiency of the models. It is inferred that the statistical models established here by applying year-to-year increment approach could make rational prediction for the maize and rice yield in Northeast China before harvest. The present study may shed new light on yield prediction in advance by use of antecedent large-scale climate signals adequately. 相似文献
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