共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 216 毫秒
1.
一次寒潮背景下降水相态变化特征分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用常规气象观测资料和NCEP再分析资料,对2013年4月18日到20日河南出现的一次区域性寒潮天气过程的环流背景、影响系统及寒潮期间降水多相态转换的成因进行了分析。结果表明:本次寒潮过程属于横槽转竖型,冷锋迅速南下,导致寒潮暴发;此次寒潮天气的大气温度层结存在逆温层结构特征,温度廓线的变化会导致降水相态发生变化;受低层冷空气持续影响,暖层强度即融化层遭到一定程度的破坏或消失,冷层即冻结层强度增强,0℃层高度下降,以致降水相态发生相应的改变;降水相态的变化与暖层温度及0℃层高度密切相关。根据本次寒潮过程中NCEP再分析数据得到:当降水相态为雨时,暖层温度≥2℃,0℃层高度≤975 h Pa;当降水相态为雪时,暖层温度≤-1℃,0℃层高度≌1000 h Pa;当降水相态为冰粒时,2℃≥暖层温度≥-1℃,1000 h Pa≥0℃层高度≥975 h Pa。 相似文献
2.
利用1999—2014年11月至翌年3月安庆站逐日地面气象观测资料和探空资料,分析了安庆站不同降水相态的时空分布特征和雨雪转换过程中影响系统的配置及转变,选取雨雪转换、降雪和冰粒(包括冻雨)3种天气现象,研究不同降水相态与特性层温度及厚度层结的关系。结果表明:1999—2014年安庆市固态降水集中出现在11月至翌年3月;有降水相态转换的过程中,将850hPa及以下各层温度与地面温度结合对降水相态转变的识别具有更好的效果,当T_(850hPa)≥-4℃、T_(925hPa)≥-4℃、T_(1000hPa)≥-1℃、T_(地面温度)≥1℃时可以判定降水相态为降雨,各层温度继续降低将出现雨转雪,直接降雪在以上指标的基础上需要850hPa的温度降至-6℃及以下;H_(850—700hPa)和H_(1000—850hPa)厚度层结雨雪转换的临界值分别为154dagpm、129dagpm,低于此值则为雪,反之为雨;0℃层高度也可以作为降水相态转换的指标之一,当0℃层高度下降至1000hPa左右时为雨转雪;降水过程中逆温层普遍存在,各种降水类型的区别在于冰粒(冻雨)在850—700hPa之间存在一个0℃以上的暖层,而降雪需要逆温层温度小于0℃。 相似文献
3.
选取吉林省白山市东岗气象站2005-2011年降水和地面观测资料及欧洲高空温度实况资料,研究吉林省东南部山区雨雪相态转换与影响系统、温度垂直变化特征的关系,获得雨雪相态转换的温度指标。结果表明:白天雨转雪时,925h Pa温度≤3℃,850h Pa温度≤-2℃,700h Pa温度≤-9℃,地面温度基本都在0℃以上,最高5℃时仍可出现降雪,但80%≤3℃,这与吉林省中西部地区有明显不同。夜间雨转雪时,地面和925h Pa均≤2℃,850h Pa温度80%≤0℃,700h Pa温度80%≤-8℃。500h Pa温度雨雪转换的温度指标不明显。同时降水相态的温度指标白天和夜间有所不同,其中白天925h Pa和地面温度高于夜间,而850h Pa、700h Pa和500h Pa则是夜间高于白天。 相似文献
4.
利用常规气象资料、NCEP 0. 25°×0. 25°分析资料以及微波辐射计、风廓线雷达等高分辨率资料,采用诊断和统计方法,对2017年2月21日沙颍河流域一次雨雪过程中降水相态进行分析。结果表明:在高空低槽与东路冷空气共同作用造成雨雪天气的背景下,925 h Pa及以下冷高压底部的偏北冷空气造成低层持续降温,导致降水相态变化。过程前期700 h Pa以下为强暖平流,冷平流在900 h Pa以下且较为浅薄,温度层结为冷层-暖层-冷层-暖层,冰晶粒子下落融化形成雨滴。降水中后期冷平流发展强烈导致温度迅速下降,整层温度变为冷层,导致相态为雪;即使下游局部地区仍有暖层,但暖层浅薄、低层冷层深厚,相态也为雪。雨雪转换时0℃层高度下降明显,降雨阶段0℃层在抬升凝结高度以上,降雪阶段0℃层降到抬升凝结高度以下; 0℃层亮带回波在相态转换时出现明显变化,其亮带高度逐渐降低。微波辐射计的温湿廓线、云底高度以及液态水等在雨雪转换中均有显著变化,液态水含量在雨雪转变时迅速增大。风廓线风场定性反映了冷空气持续南下,低层冷垫增厚,导致相态转变以及降水强度增加;风廓线速度定量反映出降雨和降雪之间的差异,降雨速度范围为1. 5～7. 0 m·s-1,降雪速度范围在0. 25～1. 5 m·s-1;雨雪转换时下落速度明显减小,可用于相态转变的监测和预报。 相似文献
5.
利用2008—2018年逐年11月至翌年3月常规气象观测资料,从天气形势配置、降水相态与特征层气温、0 ℃层高度和层结厚度的关系等进行分析,归纳了黄山地区冬半年雨、冻雨、雨夹雪和雪四类降水相态的判别依据,并利用一次雨雪转换天气过程对判据进行了检验。结果表明,黄山地区固态降水和固液混合型降水主要发生在1—2月。850 hPa高度层及以下各层气温对雨雪转换的判别效果较好,当850、925、1 000 hPa特征层气温和地面气温分别大于等于-3.9、-2.6、0.5、1 ℃时可判定为雨,各层气温继续降低将出现雨夹雪或雪。当0 ℃层高度在1 000 hPa高度层以上时可能出现雨,反之出现雨夹雪或雪。此外,厚度层结也能较好地区分雨和雨夹雪或雪。冻雨（冰粒）的判据与其他降水相态的判据不同之处是在700 hPa高度层附近存在融化层。判据能较好地区分黄山地区不同降水相态,但对冻雨和冰粒的识别能力相对较弱。 相似文献
6.
东营一次初冬寒潮天气的降水相态分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
应用常规气象资料、自动站资料及T639资料,对2009年11月东营地区一次初冬寒潮天气背景下的降水相态进行了分析。结果表明：当冷空气路径偏西时,东营地区降温缓慢,加之低层东北风将渤海的相对暖气流吹至内陆地区,导致北部沿海地区不易出现降雪。通过分析出现不同降水相态的相邻地区空中和地面温度场发现：0℃层高度在边界层内高度,可以导致降水性质的不同;0℃层高度的变化,可以作为降水相态变化的依据;地面气温和低空温度,可以作为判断降水相态的依据。综合近年来东营市出现雨雪转换的天气个例,得到了降水相态的预报方法和雨雪转换的气象指标。 相似文献
7.
采用济南和青岛1999-2011年的降水、高空和地面观测资料,研究了山东冬半年降水相态与影响系统的关系及温度垂直变化特征,获得不同降水相态的温度预报指标.结果表明:(1)降水相态变化与影响系统有关,江淮气旋和回流形势产生的大雪以上强降雪存在雨雪转换,低槽冷锋、黄河气旋和切变线(低涡)多产生中雪以下直接降雪.(2)无相态变化的降雪过程一般发生在温度较低、垂直变化单一的条件下,850 hPa以下各层均有明显温度阈值.(3)有相态转换的降雪过程中,850和925 hPa的温度对于雨、雪、雨夹雪的识别没有明显指示性,1000 hPa以下的温度最为关键,将925 hPa以下各层与地面的温度结合起来判别相态,较使用单一特性层温度更为可靠;冰粒区别于其他降水类型,在温度场上的显著特征为700 hPa的温度较高.(4)0℃层高度可用于雨雪转换指标:降雨时0℃层高于925 hPa或在925 hPa上下,当0℃层的高度降至1000 hPa上下时转为降雪.(5)雨夹雪和冰粒发生在有雨雪相态转换的降水过程中,为过渡形态,不会单独出现. 相似文献
8.
《广东气象》2017,(1)
利用地面、探空实时业务观测以及NCEP 1°×1°分析数据等资料,对2016年1月下旬寒潮过程地面气压场、过程最低气温、广东降雪空间分布、大气温湿结构以及天气系统等方面进行了分析,结果发现:该次寒潮过程广东地面气压突破了有气象记录(1951年)以来的历史极值,但大部分市县最低气温未破历史记录;降雪南界较历史南界(1951—2015年)明显南压,即西部压到信宜、阳春一带,中东部则南压到了沿海;t8500℃或t9250℃的单层温度指标难以判断广东雨雪相态;当高空整层温度都在0℃以下,且近地面0℃层高度低时降水相态多为雪,0℃层高度过高时则降水相态为雨,其余为雨夹雪(霰);当高空有暖层存在时,出现纯雪的可能性较小,若地面0℃层高度低,且高空暖层厚度位于其下方的冷冻层,则有雨夹雪(霰)的可能;降雪时大气湿度呈下干上湿状态,90%以上的高湿度区主要在800~500 h Pa之间;降雪时的辐合抬升主要发生在700~500 h Pa,中层的槽和西到西南急流是重要的动力因子。 相似文献
9.
本文以吉林省辽源站为代表,并选取辽源市2008-2012年降水、高空和地面实况观测资料,分析研究吉林省中部半山区降水相态(指雨或雨夹雪转雪,下同)的影响系统及温度变化特征,结果表明:500h Pa低涡槽(包括低槽)、850h Pa切变或低涡槽、地面气旋(蒙古气旋、华北气旋)等影响系统共同作用是辽源市雨雪相变天气过程的典型形势,但低层系统对降水相态的影响较高层系统更为明显。分析降水相态的温度变化特征得出雨或雨夹雪转雪时的温度阈值和预报指标为:T700≤-5℃;T850≤-1℃;T地面≤1℃。 相似文献
10.
利用河南省地面气象站监测资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,探讨了2017年2月21日河南省暴雪成因及相态演变与温度的关系。结果表明:700hPa西南急流及850~925hPa的偏东急流为暴雪提供了充沛的水汽,东南部暖倒槽的发展为暴雪的产生提供了有利的动力抬升条件。700hPa与850hPa水汽通量散度辐合叠加区域与暴雪区对应较好。当2m温度大于1℃或700hPa以下温度均高于0℃时为雨;当2m温度小于-1℃时或700hPa以下温度均低于0℃时为雪;当2m温度在±1℃之间时,降水相态较复杂,要结合中低空的温度来确定降水相态,即近地层温度(1 000hPa以下)在1~2℃时,并且750hPa附近有高于2℃的暖温层时,降水相态为雨;若低于2℃则为雨夹雪或雪。 相似文献
11.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
12.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
13.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
14.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
15.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
16.
17.
<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
18.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
19.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献