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利用2009-2012年北京市467例中暑病例与同期9个气象要素资料和当日及前期1-4 d累积平均气象要素共45个气象因子,采用相关分析法分析北京夏季中暑发病人数与气象因子之间的关系|采用多元线性回归和非线性拟合方法构建了改进的北京中暑气象预报模型,选取拟合优度较好的模型对中暑人数进行回代及预测检验,并与现用模型进行对比。结果表明：气温是引发北京夏季中暑的决定性因子|气温、水汽压、气压及降水的两日累积效应均高于当日效应,表明气象要素的连续累积作用对人体中暑影响较大|建立的中暑预报模型具有较好的历史拟合及预测效果,中暑等级划分较合理,对北京市中暑气象等级预报服务和公众有效防范中暑有实际的指导意义。 相似文献
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今年3月23日世界气象日的主题是“降低对天气和气候极端事件的脆弱性”。联合国世界气象组织每年都根据当前国际关心的热点问题，选择纪念主题。一方面表达了对越来越频繁的天气、气候灾害及其给人类社会造成的危害的强烈关注；另一方面是认识到通过加强对天气、气候的监测和预报，可以最大限度地降低天气、气候极端事件带来的不利影响，并希望通过宣传这一主题，呼吁各国采取措施减缓全球气候变暖趋势，进一步加强气象工作，以减轻天气和气候极端事件对人类社会的危害。…… 相似文献
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气温极端值的选取与分析 总被引：31，自引：3，他引：31
首先对中国200个测站1951－1999年的逐日气温资料进行质量控制，剔除错误值；然后根据第95个和第5个百分位值来确定气温极端值及其阀值；最后，利用上述方法所确定的极端值分析了近50年内我国气候极端值的气候学分布特征，并结合实例分析了对极端高温和低温气候事件的检测应用。 相似文献
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利用宝鸡市1960—2004年11个气象站逐日最高气温资料,采用统计方法研究不同强度高温天气的气候特征,为高温天气预警预报提供参考依据。结果表明:宝鸡高温具有明显的地域性,川道多于南北山区,高温中心位于扶风。年代际变化呈现多—少—多的趋势变化,目前为逐渐增多的趋势,高温以0.04 d/10 a的速度增多;强高温以0.07 d/10 a的速度增多。高温出现于4—9月,7月最多,6月次多,4月最少;强高温9月最少,特强高温以6月最多。高温集中在6月中旬到8月上旬。宝鸡区域性和持续性高温分别占高温总数的76%、12%。全球气候变暖、大气环流异常以及过度城市化是导致极端高温天气频繁出现的主要原因。 相似文献
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改进的武汉中暑气象模型及中暑指数等级标准研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了更好开展高温中暑气象预报服务和气候评价工作,以武汉市2003-2005年高温期间逐日中暑人数与当天、前期共33个气象因子为基础资料,通过相关普查寻找关键气象因子,通过逐步回归方法建立了改进的中暑气象模型,修订了1990年代研制的中暑指数5级划分标准,新提出了中暑天数的推算方法,并进行了回代检验和2006-2007年试报检验.结果表明:中暑人数与当日各项气温、气压、日照时数为正相关,与总云量、相对湿度为负相关,其中气温最为关键,考虑前期气温累积效应后相关系数有所提高;日最高气温≥36℃的累积高温为首选因子,比1990年代的临界指标上升1℃;建立了3套预报(评估)模型,并推荐使用以日最高气温≥36℃的累积高温、日平均气温为因子的模型;回代试验、试验报检验表明,改进的模型、等级划分标准科学适用. 相似文献
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在全球气候变化的大背景下, 高温热浪天气频繁出现, 由其引发的群发性中暑事件不断发生。为了有效预防极端高温天气对人体健康的影响, 利用全国358个重点城市1996-2005年逐日地面气象观测资料, 通过对气象要素与中暑的相关分析, 选择炎热指数为气象指标对引发中暑的气象条件进行了等级划分, 同时考虑不同程度高温天气的持续时间确定了高温中暑气象等级, 分别为可能发生中暑、较易发生中暑、易发生中暑和极易发生中暑4个等级。利用武汉市1994年和1995年7 -8月中暑人数与高温中暑气象等级进行对比分析, 结果表明:两者具有较好的对应关系。 相似文献
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利用1980—2014年宁波市气象观测资料和2011—2014年6—8月宁波市中暑病例资料,基于现有中暑气象等级,通过对气象因素和中暑事件进行相关分析,采用分位数法建立了新的中暑气象等级。结果表明:本文采用第45、第70和第85分位数对宁波市日最高气温和炎热指数进行了新的等级划分,并结合中暑事件与高温持续时间对高温中暑气象等级划分进行了改进,将宁波地区中暑气象等级分为可能发生中暑、易发生中暑、较易发生中暑和极易发生中暑4个等级。对改进的高温中暑气象等级验证和对比分析表明,改进后的高温中暑气象等级划分标准更适合宁波地区,由气象条件和中暑实况确定的高温中暑等级基本可反映人体中暑的风险,对实际中暑气象等级预报更具指导作用。 相似文献
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我省自入春以来至5月上旬，持续高温少雨，全省出现大面积的干旱。5月中旬至6月上旬，全省转入低温多雨，旱情得以解除。但自6月中旬至7月末，全省又出现持续高温少雨天气，形成了异常的干旱灾害，全省受灾面积之大，持续时间之长，受灾程度之严重，为建国以来所罕见。本文分析了1997年6月中旬～7月下旬的气候概况、气候特点、干旱严重程度及其对国民经济的影响。16月中旬～7月下旬的气候概况1．1气温6月中旬~7月下旬，全省平均气温为24．2℃，比常年高3．l℃。从全省分布看，白城地区、松原地区、四平地区大部和农安、辽源为25．0～26．2℃… 相似文献
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利用宝鸡市1960—2004年11个气象站逐日最高气温资料,采用统计方法研究不同强度高温天气的气候特征,为高温天气预警预报提供参考依据。结果表明:宝鸡高温具有明显的地域性,川道多于南北山区,高温中心位于扶风。年代际变化呈现多—少—多的趋势变化,目前为逐渐增多的趋势,高温以0.04d/10a的速度增多;强高温以0.07d/10a的速度增多。高温出现于4—9月,7月最多,6月次多,4月最少;强高温9月最少,特强高温以6月最多。高温集中在6月中旬到8月上旬。宝鸡区域性和持续性高温分别占高温总数的76%、12%。全球气候变暖、大气环流异常以及过度城市化是导致极端高温天气频繁出现的主要原因。
相似文献11.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献