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1.
滇南中小尺度灾害天气的多普勒统计特征及识别研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用普洱CIND3830-CC新一代天气雷达资料、地面观测资料、探空资料,对2004—2009年滇南普洱、西双版纳典型的中小尺度强对流天气的多普勒雷达回波特征进行统计分析,总结冰雹、大风、短时强降水的识别方法和预报指标。结果表明：冰雹云初始回波中心强度在40 dBz左右,高度在5 km左右,接近0℃层高度。冰雹云径向速度≥10m·s^-1,辐合特征明显,97%的移速≥30 km·h^-1,中心强度为55～69 dBz。97%的冰雹云的45 dBz回波顶高≥7.5 km,92%的冰雹云的45 dBz回波顶高超过-20℃层高度;大风回波可分为4种类型。96%的大风回波径向速度≥10 m·s^-1,50%的辐合特征明显,85%的移速≥30 km·h^-1,大风回波中心强度为30～55 dBz;强降水回波的辐合特征明显,79%的回波径向速度〈10 m·s^-1,85%的移速〈30 km·h^-1,回波强度集中在40～45 dBz,高度集中在6.5 km以下,强中心高度低于4.5 km,85%的强降水回波移速〈30 km·h^-1。这些特征可为短时临近预报提供参考。 相似文献
2.
利用乌鲁木齐市2004年和2005年的夏半年(5月至9月)新一代雷达降水模式的产品资料及相应的天气图、实时降水量等资料,对乌鲁木齐市强降水个例的降水时雷达回波强度和范围、不同类型性质降水的移速及移向进行了分析研究。得出:当强降水过程(1h内)组合反射率因子强度都在35dBz以上,并出现强度40dBz以上、范围在20km×25km以上且能移过当地时就会出现1h降水量>6mm以上的强降水,概率达75%。当出现强度40dBz以上、范围在20km×25km以上并有成块的>50dBz以上强度的回波且能移过本地时,则会出现雨强很大的短时强阵性降水;连续性强降水的雷达回波移速平均为0.5km/min,阵性强降水雷达回波移速为1km/min;利用雷达产品中速度方位显示风廓线(VWP)的4～5km高度的风向做雷达回波移动方向的临近预报。所得结果应用价值大,对乌鲁木齐市短时临近强降水预报具有一定的指导性,在短时临近强降水预报的服务工作中将会产生很大的社会效益和经济效益。 相似文献
3.
基于SWAN产品的短时强降水雷达特征及预警分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用SWAN产品和自动站雨量资料,详细对比分析了2010~2012年区域性暴雨中的短时强降水雷达特征,结果表明:(1)短时强降水具有反射率因子大,液态水含量高、回波顶高,强回波厚度大等特征,在每隔6min的SWAN拼图产品中,短时强降水通常满足:3km高度处CAPPI回波≥30dBZ,组合反射率CR中心强度≥40dBZ,VIL>5kg/m2,45dBZ以上的回波中心厚度(H)≥3km,这些参数的变化可以作为短时强降水的预警临近指标。(2)现有SWAN产品中的QPE/QPF产品对未来逐小时的雨量和落区具有一定的预报能力,但QPE产品估测1h累计降水量更接近于实况雨量,在监测到有上述强回波发展时,可通过分析QPE产品和回波特征及预警指标对短时强降水过程进行预报。 相似文献
4.
短时强降水的多尺度分析及临近预警 总被引：9，自引：6，他引：9
利用安徽省1995—2010年逐小时降水量资料,统计了不同强度的短时强降水的时空分布特征,并分析典型短时强降水过程的环境背景场特征,建立了短时强降水的三种概念模型,总结出有利于其发生的大尺度影响系统。通过分析物理量得知,短时强降水发生时大气水汽充沛、湿层深厚,厚的暖云层保证了云粒子在降水系统的下沉气流里较少的被蒸发,而中等强度的对流有效位能和高的KI指数值有利于高降水效率的产生。短时强降水的雷达反射率因子有"低质心结构"和"高质心结构"两种结构特征。而径向速度场上的中小尺度风速切变、辐合、气旋式辐合则是强降水回波在某地维持和发展的重要原因。强降水发生前半小时边界层急流显著增强,也是短时强降水临近预警的一个重要指标。 相似文献
5.
滇南冰雹的预报预警方法研究 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
利用普洱市探空资料、CIND3830-CC新一代天气雷达资料、地面观测资料,对2004—2011年滇南普洱、西双版纳冰雹天气过程进行统计分析,总结出冰雹4个预报指标:(1)当单体回波满足冰雹云的初始特征和发展阶段特征时,可预报未来出现冰雹的可能较大,预报提前60 min以内;(2)当回波的组合反射率≥55 dBz、宽度≥12.0 km、梯度≥15 dBz·km~(-1)、H_(45 dBz)≥7.5 km、2—5月H_(45 dBz)-H_0≥3.1 km且H_(45 dBz)-H_(-20)≥-0.5 km、6-8月H_(45 dBz)-H_0≥2.0 km且H_(45 dBz)-H_(-20)≥-1.2km、VIL≥30 kg·m~(-2)、D_(VIL)≥3.0 g·m~(-3)时,预报有冰雹发生,预报提前12~102 min;(3)当回波具有弱切变特征、45 dBz回波顶高≥7.5 km、2—5月H_(45 dBz)-H_0≥3.1 km且H_(45 dBz)-H_(-20)≥-0.5 km、6—8月H_(45 dBz)-H_0≥2.0 km且H_(45 dBz)-H_(-20)≥-1.2 km时,可预报有冰雹出现,预报提前18~54 min;(4)若除去飑线和下击暴流回波,当回波的VIL≥30 kg·m~(-2)、D_(VIL)≥3.0 g·m~(-3)时,可预报有冰雹出现,预报提前12~54 min。此外,还总结了冰雹云的生命期特征等,并利用2012年发生的冰雹天气过程检验了预报指标。 相似文献
6.
为了更好的预报、预警超级风暴单体引起的短时强降水,利用沈阳棋盘山多普勒雷达、营口多普勒雷达和自动站及地面、高空等气象资料,对2011年7月14日沈阳强降水超级单体风暴进行分析。结果表明：地面辐合线和切变线提前于降水2 h产生,而且地面辐合线和切变线的位置与风暴的生成位置重合。强对流风暴具有超级单体风暴特征,风暴出现弓形回波;速度图上存在“v”型入流缺口,相应速度场上出现中气旋,营口雷达基本反射率最大值达到61 dBz,反射率因子垂直剖面出现弱回波区和回波悬垂。当雷达回波发现中气旋,并预计此中气旋能维持1 h左右或者雷达回波发现弓形回波,沈阳棋盘山雷达基本反射率强度超过45 dBz时,可发布短时暴雨或雷雨大风等强对流气象灾害预警。 相似文献
7.
利用常规观测、自动站逐时雨量、新一代多普勒天气雷达和ERA-interim再分析等资料， 对2013-2018年6-8月天山北坡73次短时强降水过程的中尺度影响系统、对流风暴特征进行分析研究。结果表明：天山北坡短时强降水过程主要中尺度系统为低空急流、低空切变线或辐合线及地面中尺度高压前的辐合线；雷达回波形态分为合并加强型（占33.9%）、列车效应型（占39.0%）及孤立对流型（占27.1%）3类，其垂直剖面有“低质心”和“高质心”2种结构，且前者占多数；径向速度图上有81%的过程有逆风区。以集合箱线图25%百分位作为最低阈值，天山北坡短时强降水阈值为最大反射率因子强度≥46.5 dBZ、强回波中心（40 dBZ）顶高≥4.0 km、回波顶高ET≥8.6 km及垂直累积液态水含量VIL≥7.0 kg?m-2，并以典型个例进行分析。 相似文献
8.
利用国家基本站、区域站资料,分析了2006—2016年池州市短时强降水时空分布特征,建立3种天气学概念模型,并总结了短时强降水的中尺度系统、相关物理量和雷达回波的一般特征。结果表明：池州市短时强降水主要发生在汛期（5—8月）,其中7月最活跃,其次分别是6、8月。强度≥20 mm/h和≥30 mm/h的短时强降水日变化呈现双峰型特征,强度≥50 mm/h的短时强降水则呈现单峰型特征。东至县中南部是短时强降水的易发区域,其次是贵池南部山区和九华山东、西两侧区域。池州市短时强降水天气类型可分为副热带高压边缘型、西北气流型和台风型,其中副热带高压边缘型是短时强降水的易发天气类型。中小尺度天气系统在不同天气类型中的作用存在差异,但相关物理量差异不明显。副热带高压边缘型、台风型强降水过程中雷达反射率因子多表现低质心结构特征,西北气流型呈现高质心结构特征。 相似文献
9.
豫北“21·7”极端暴雨过程特征及成因分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用探空、地面自动站、多普勒雷达等观测资料及ERA5再分析产品,对2021年7月17—22日豫北地区的极端暴雨过程进行分析。结果表明,极端暴雨过程具有强降水持续时间长、降水强度极端及地形影响明显等特征。极端暴雨过程发生于稳定的大尺度天气形势下,在日本海高压西伸及台风烟花(2106号)、查帕卡(2107号)西北行背景下,黄淮低涡外围加强北上的东南急流/偏南急流为强降水的发生提供了异常充足的水汽、能量条件,对流层中低层暖湿平流强迫、叠加地形影响的强动力辐合抬升作用及低空弱冷空气扩散南下是形成强降水的重要条件,而大气“强-弱-强-弱”的对流不稳定层结特征转化说明强降水过程中存在着两种互补的物理机制。不同阶段极端短时强降水(小时降水量≥50 mm)对流系统的形态结构和发展演变特征不同,但从雷达回波的垂直分布来看,系统均具有“低质心”特征,质心强度≥55 dBz且≥50 dBz强回波垂直伸展至5～8 km、持续时间1 h以上。强降水对流系统在太行山前30 km左右范围内的后向发展特征明显,一方面与地面西行偏东风/东北风在太行山绕流作用下形成的地形辐合线不断南伸有关,另一方面也与强降水冷池效应促使... 相似文献
10.
利用2010—2018年新疆105个国家站、1240个区域自动站逐时降水资料及8部多普勒天气雷达资料,从预报业务应用角度提出新疆短时强降水过程定义并遴选468次短时强降水过程,分析短时强降水影响系统环流配置和雷达回波特征。结果表明新疆短时强降水的影响系统主要有中亚低槽(涡)、西西伯利亚低槽(涡)、西北低空急流。造成新疆短时强降水的对流风暴主要有合并加强型、列车效应型和孤立对流单体型,其中合并加强型最多,占45.1%,孤立对流单体型占34.8%,列车效应型最少,占20.2%,且各区域对流风暴的影响比例也有一定差异。南疆短时强降水过程中多普勒雷达最大反射率因子强度(Z max)、强回波中心顶高(D max)、回波顶高(ET)、最大垂直累积液态水含量(VIL)预警阈值小于北疆,且伊犁州最大,阿克苏最小,伊犁州短时强降水以低质心回波为主,其他区域则为低质心和高质心回波。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
13.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
14.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
15.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(4):227
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
18.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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20.
《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献