共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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闪电活动的气候学特征研究进展 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
综述了闪电活动与气候和气候变化相关研究的一系列最新进展。这些研究表明全球闪电活动可以通过卫星光学方法、地面的单站舒曼共振法以及低频多站时差法进行观测,其结果指出全球闪电密度高值区主要分布在海岸地区、山地地区、中尺度气旋多发地区以及热带辐合带的辐合区内,大陆、海岛、沿海地区所发生的闪电占全球的88%,全球3个闪电密度极大值依次出现在赤道地区的非洲刚果、南美洲大陆和东南亚。大量的研究结果表明全球闪电活动是与气候和气候变化相关的,在日、5d、季、半年、年、ENSO、10a多个时间尺度上,闪电活动对温度做出了一定的正响应,但在更长时间尺度上这种敏感性似乎是减弱的。闪电活动因易于被持续监测而可以作为监测气候一些重要参数变化的有利工具。闪电活动是氮氧化物(NOx)的重要产生源,这与臭氧等温室气体以及地球辐射之间存在密切关系。在短时间尺度上,对流层上层水汽和全球闪电活动之间存在非常好的相关性。气溶胶对雷暴以及闪电活动的影响还不明确。气候变化与雷暴和闪电活动之间的相互耦合机制还有待于更多的观测和深入的研究。 相似文献
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闪电产生氮氧化物（LNOX）区域特征计算（I）：理论和计算方法 总被引：2，自引：8，他引：2
介绍了目前关于闪电产生氮氧化物（MOX）的研究概况，包括产生机理、特征、输运过程以及在全球气候变化中的作用。重点叙述了发生在区域性雷暴中闪电产生氮氧化物的机制、传输以及计算方法和可能误差，并对闪电产生氮氧化物区域特征计算方法和参数的选取作了简要介绍。 相似文献
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全球热带气旋活动与全球气候变化相关特征 总被引：12，自引：11，他引：12
阐述全球气候变化对全球热带气旋活动的影响在国际上取得的进展。从3方面进行综合分析：（1）气候变化特征对全球热带气旋的影响；（2）热带气旋活动的年际变化和年代际振荡以及影响因子；（3）热带气旋活动与全球气候变化方面的数值模拟进展。总结国际上在这一领域取得的研究进展，全球气候变化主要以全球大气环流、海气相互作用、全球海面温度以及温盐环流（Thermohaline Circulation）这4个方面相互影响及其共同作用，可对全球热带气旋活动的发生频率、强度、路径趋势和登陆地区产生影响。 相似文献
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基于卫星观测资料的全球闪电活动特征研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用卫星携带的闪电探测系统所获取的11年(1995年5月至2006年4月)闪电资料,对全球闪电活 动特征进行了详细分析。结果表明:全球闪电频数约为46.2 fl s-1(fl为flash简写,表征闪电发生的次数),在30°S～30°N闪电数占全球闪电总数的78.1%,陆地和海洋的闪电密度之比为9.64:1。近海海域面积占海洋面积的近3成,但闪电数占海洋闪电总数的近7成,远海海域闪电的密度很小。陆地和近海海域闪电活动随季节变化呈现出单峰特征,峰值出现在7月。中高纬度大陆东部近海海域闪电频数大于西部,赤道附近区域相反,大陆西部近海海域闪电频数大于东部。闪电活动随海拔高度的变化呈两峰三谷的特征,两峰分别出现在海拔100～2400 m和3300～4600 m,3个低谷分别出现在海拔100 m以下、2400～3300 m和4600 m以上,这是在地理位置和海拔高度的影响下,各种因素综合作用的结果。 相似文献
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With recent projections of a warmer climate in the future, one of the key questions is related to the impact of global warming on thunderstorms, and severe weather. Will lightning activity increase in a warmer world? Since the majority of global lightning activity occurs in the tropics, changes in future global lightning activity will depend on changes in the tropical climate. The latest IPCC [Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). 2007] projections show a partial drying out of the tropical landmasses as the global climate gets warmer. This is caused by both changes in rainfall patterns, but also due to increases in evapo-transpiration. We would expect a drier climate to produce fewer thunderstorms, and less lightning. However, experimental and modeling studies have shown that as tropical regions dry in the present climate, they experience greater lightning activity. This paradox may be explained by noting that while drier climate conditions result in fewer thunderstorms and less rainfall, the thunderstorms that do occur are more explosive, resulting in more lightning activity. 相似文献
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Latest research results on the correlation between lightning activity and climate and climate change are reviewed. The results indicate that global lightning can be measured by using satellite optical sensor, Schumann resonances, and the time-of-arrival (TOA) techniques at very low frequency. It is observed that high lightning density areas mainly lie in seaboards, mountains, high frequency mesoscale cyclone areas, and convergent regions such as the intertropical convergence zone. Eighty-eight percent of global lightning discharges occurs in continent island and seaboard areas. The three regions hit most frequently by lightning are Congo in equatorial Africa, South America, and South and Southeast Asia. A lot of studies reveal that the global lightning activity is directly related to the earth's climate and climate change. The global lightning activity responds positively to temperature changes on many time scales, such as diurnal, pentad, intraseasonal, semiannual, annual, ENSO, and decadal time scales. However, the sensitivity of lightning to temperature changes appears to diminish at longer time scales. Since lightning can be monitored easily and continuously, it becomes a useful and important parameter for monitoring climate change. The lightning discharge is a significant producing source of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the atmosphere, which is closely associated with ozone production and the earth's radiation balance. There exists a robust positive correlation between lightning activity and upper tropospheric water vapor on short time scales. The effect of aerosol on thunderstorm and lightning is uncertain. More observations and investigations are needed to identify the coupling mechanism between lightning and climate change. 相似文献
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Variability of global lightning activity on the ENSO time scale 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Global lightning activity has been studied on the ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation) time scale based on recordings of the Earth's Schumann resonances at Nagycenk (NCK), Hungary as well as observations from the OTD (Optical Transient Detector) and the LIS (Lightning Imaging Sensor) satellites in space. Both the intensity and position of lightning activity vary on the ENSO time scale. The magnitude of the global variation in lightning flash rate is ~10% from La Niña to El Niño. In general, more lightning is observed in the tropical–extratropical land regions during warm, El Niño episodes, especially in Southeast Asia. Although oceanic lightning activity is a minor contributor to global lightning, an opposite behavior is observed in the Pacific and other oceanic regions. More lightning is present during cold, La Niña conditions than during the warm, El Niño episodes. The annual distribution of global lightning is slightly offset from the equator into the Northern Hemisphere due to the north–south asymmetry of the land/ocean area ratio. Schumann resonance intensity variations suggest a southward (equator-ward) shift and satellite observations support this and show in addition an eastward shift in the global position during warm, El Niño episodes. The greatest lightning contrast between warm El Niño and cold La Niña episodes has been identified at the latitudes of descending dry air in the Hadley circulation. 相似文献
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从空间探测闪电的综述 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
从空间探测闪电 30多年的历史看 ,一些卫星闪电遥感仪器已提供了许多极有价值的资料 ,例如 ,闪电全球范围内发生的频率 ,其随纬度和季节的变化以及日变化 ,超级闪电的发生等等。这些资料在雷电灾害预警预防、强对流天气监测、某些军事目标的识别等业务和科研工作中得到了应用。本文是关于空间探测闪电的一个综述 ,主要介绍过去 35a一些星载闪电光学探测器 ,并给出由这些仪器观测资料分析所得到的一些重要结果。最后 ,对发展中国星载闪电探测器提出几点建议。 相似文献
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A review of atmospheric electricity research in China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
QIE Xiushu ZHANG Yijun YUAN Tie ZHANG Qilin ZHANG Tinglong ZHU Baoyou LU Weitao MA Ming YANG Jing ZHOU Yunjun FENG Guili 《大气科学进展》2015,32(2):169-191
The importance of atmospheric electricity research has been increasingly recognized in recent decades. Research on atmospheric electricity has been actively conducted since the 1980 s in China. Lightning physics and its effects, as important branches of atmospheric electricity, have received more attention because of their significance both in scientific research and lightning protection applications. This paper reviews atmospheric electricity research based primarily on ground-based field experiments at different regions in China in the last decade. The results described in this review include physics and effects of lightning, rocket-triggered lightning and its physical processes of discharge, thunderstorm electricity on the Tibetan Plateau and its surrounding areas, lightning activity associated with severe convective storms, the effect and response of lightning to climate change, numerical simulation of thunderstorm electrification and lightning discharge, lightning detection and location techniques, and transient luminous events above thunderstorms. 相似文献
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浅论大气电过程与天气气候 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
该文论述了大气电学在天气气候学研究中的渗透，并根据实测资料的对比分析、讨论了晴天大气电过程、雷暴和闪电与天气气候过程之间的相关性和可能的耦合机制。结果表明，区域和全球性雷暴活动是耦合机制的一个关键参量，闪电是直观量，能以参数化形式引入大气环流模式定量地讨论耦合机制；发展的全球电路概念有可能把太阳、大气和地层联结在一起进行整体研究。 相似文献
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Progresses in the research on physical processes of lightning discharge and electric structure of thunderstorm in the last decade in China have been reviewed. By using the self-developed lightning detecting and locating techniques with high temporal and spatial resolution, the characteristics and parameters of lightning discharge in some representative areas in China have been obtained. Observations on lightning activity were conducted for the first time in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in 2002-2005, and the special characteristics of the thunderstorm and lightning activity in the plateau were revealed. The lightning spectra in the band of visible light were recorded, and the spectral lines were identified in detail with introduction of modern theories of atomic structure. The techniques on artificially altitude triggered lightning and related measurements under a harsh electromagnetic environment have been well developed. Evidences of bi-directional leader propagation were observed by means of optics and VHF radiation during the triggered lightning discharges. Some lightning protection devices have been tested using the artificial lightning triggering techniques. In addition, the correlation between lightning activities and weather and climate was preliminarily studied. 相似文献
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为了解闪电对对流层上部微量气体的贡献,利用全球水资源和气候中心(GHRC)提供的1995年4月—2006年6月的闪电卫星格点资料,以及高层大气研究卫星(UARS)上的卤素掩星试验(HALOE)1991年10月—2005年11月的观测资料,分析了全球闪电与对流层上部NO和O3体积分数的时空分布特征及其相关性。结果表明:全球闪电12、1、2月集中在南半球,6—8月集中在北半球,全球闪电的季节分布与NO、O3类似;NO体积分数在350 h Pa附近达到最大,该高度的南半球NO体积分数变化范围为7×10-12~11×10-12、北半球为3×10-12~17×10-12;450~300 h Pa,北半球夏季O3体积分数呈明显增加趋势,且同一高度上夏季的值比年平均值大25%左右,南半球夏季O3体积分数高于冬季,但差异并不大。结论进一步证明了闪电与对流层上部NO及O3的密切关系,也为研究全球气候变化提供有力证据。 相似文献
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我国地闪活动和降水关系的区域差异 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
利用我国部分地区2005年的地闪定位资料和气象台站雨量观测资料,由南向北选取我国四个不同气候带区域(区域1～4),分析了这些区域的地闪活动与降水的相关关系。结果表明,由南向北及气候特征由潮湿趋于干旱的区域的地闪活动和降水相关性增强。闪电活动与有闪电降水(即对应闪电的降水)日变化的线性相关系数在由南向北的区域分别为0.56、0.46、0.56、0.80,旬变化的线性相关系数分别为0.73、0.86、0.89、0.92,月变化的线性相关系数分别为0.74、0.88、0.965、0.99;较干旱的区域3和区域4的地闪活动与所有降水的时间序列有较强的相关性,其线性相关系数日变化分别为0.31、0.41,旬变化分别为0.84,0.52,月变化分别为0.93、0.80;地闪与降水的空间线性关系相对复杂,但也表现出由南向北和气候趋于干旱对应关系增强的特征,区域4的闪电和降水相关性达到0.54。分析区域中较干旱地区的雷暴活动产生机制(主要受热力抬升作用)相比潮湿地区(既受热力抬升作用,又受大尺度系统相互作用)更为单一,这可能是干旱地区的闪电活动与降水有较好相关的重要原因。 相似文献