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1.
雷达定量降水估计技术及效果评估 总被引：13，自引：2，他引：11
为提高雷达定量估测降水的精度,利用广东省6部新一代多普勒天气雷达(CINRAD/SA)回波资料和雨量计降水量观测资料,采用概率配对法(PFT,Probability-fitting technique)建立Z-I关系进行单部雷达降水估测,并采用最优插值法(OI,Optimum Interpolation)对降水估计进行订正;为扩大降水估测的范围,对多部雷达的降水估计进行拼接,采取重叠区域以各部雷达的均方根误差平方的倒数作为权重系数(iω==1/RMSE(K)2/n∑i-1/RMSE(i)2)进行加权平均,并分别分析比较上述方法得到的降水估计与单纯OI雨量计及与雷达拼图回波强度得到的降水估计的优劣。以上各环节误差分析表明,对于单部雷达,雨量计降水强度与其上空9点平均的雷达回波强度关系最为密切;6部相同型号的雷达估测降水精度各异。交叉检验表明,OI雷达法对单部和多部雷达估测降水均可取得较好的校准效果;对于多部雷达的降水估测,单部雷达先分别进行OI订正后拼接,然后对重叠区再次OI订正的结果比直接对未订正的单部雷达降水估计拼接后统一做一次OI订正的效果好。多部雷达降水估计拼接时,前期对于单部雷达降水估计的订正尤为重要;多部雷达降水估计的拼接值精度要明显高于OI雨量计,而相比由雷达拼图回波强度得到的降水估计而言,前者也优于后者。因此,多部雷达降水估计的拼接方法,对雷达资料的应用有较好的参考价值,在业务上也有一定的应用前景。 相似文献
2.
《高原气象》2015,(6)
新一代天气雷达联合雨量站数据进行定量降水估测中,雷达回波强度和雨量站观测值较好的匹配是准确拟合出Z-R关系的关键。对流性降水回波强度具有时空变化大的特点,严重影响了雷达和雨量站数据的匹配以及定量降水估测的精度。利用河南地区3次强对流天气过程的雷达和雨量站数据,通过分析雷达对流性降水与地面雨量站观测值的误差空间分布,找到如下规律:雷达回波强度严重高估点和低估点大部分位于强回波的边缘地区(单点回波强度随时间变化较大);部分位于强回波中心的雨量站观测值为零(部分时刻)。通过分析可知,突发的强降水和强回波中心容易造成雨量站观测值误差较大,因此对Z-R关系拟合造成了较大的影响。根据对流性降水回波强度变化特点和本文得到的回波强度与雨量站雨量匹配关系,在Z-R关系拟合中,提出了加入回波强度随时间变化的指标对误差较大雨量站进行剔除的方法,也提出了一种优化的回波强度平均方法和累积时间,得到了用于对流性降水估测的最佳方案。详细分析以上因素对降水估测的影响表明,通过根据回波强度随时间变化的指标对雨量站进行剔除和使用最佳降水估测方案,提高了对流性降水估测的精度。 相似文献
3.
陇东南地区短时强降水的雷达回波特征及其降水反演 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用雷达基数据对比分析了天水、庆阳和兰州3部多普勒雷达等距离水平剖面上同步观测的回波强度差异,并研究了陇东南地区短时强降水的雷达回波特征和反演降水。结果表明,当回波强度10 dBz时,这3部雷达并不存在显著差异;从区域站和自动站的降水量对比分析可知,造成短时强降水的天气学尺度较小,对雷达回波的统计也映证了这一结论。有75%的强降水尺度20 km,表明原有的气象站并不能较好的反应局地降水;运用分组估测法、整体和分型Z-I关系法定量估测降水,结果发现分型Z-I关系法可以较好的反映陇东南地区的降水特点,较好的解决了低量值高估和高量值低估的问题,其中雨强在15~20 mm·h-1时反演效果最好。 相似文献
4.
雷达回波强度拼图的定量估测降水及其效果检验 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9
为了得到精度更高的高时空分辨率格点定量估测降水量,需要将雷达资料和雨量计降水量资料进行有效的综合利用。利用广东6部多普勒雷达的回波强度拼图资料和稠密的自动雨量计降水强度观测资料,采用概率密度法建立Z-R关系进行雷达降水估计,并采用客观订正方法利用雨量计资料对雷达降水估计进行校准。交叉检验表明：利用雨量计对雷达降水估计进行客观方法订正可以取得比单纯用雨量计资料进行OI插值好的效果。OI雷达订正法较优。 相似文献
5.
基于雷达资料的上海地区暴雨面雨量计算及应用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
根据上海地区小时雷达资料的定量降水估测(quantitative precipitation estimation,QPE)网格产品和经过质量控制的自动站雨量资料进行暴雨面雨量计算方法研究,计算方法为:将暴雨区内自动站周围9个网格点的QPE平均值作为自动站的雷达估测雨量,计算各测站雨量与雷达估测雨量的差值,用克里金插值方法将差值场插值到雷达降水估算产品相同的网格点上,再将网格点上残差插值数据加上网格点上雷达估测雨量,得到各网格点用自动站订正后的雷达估测小时雨量资料。文中24个典型暴雨各测站订正后QPE与实测雨量的平均绝对误差比订正前减小了27%;两个典型暴雨主要降水阶段经国家气象站资料订正后QPE与实测雨量的平均误差比订正前减小了33%～39%,暴雨过程总雨量经国家气象站资料订正后减小了34%～59%。根据以上方法得到的网格点雨量计算和绘制上海地区2007—2015年24个典型暴雨降水区域的小时面雨量值和图、过程面雨量值和图、行政区和水利片面雨量值和图。最后基于.NET Framework 4.0基础架构软件开发平台,使用Microsoft Visual Studio 2012和Microsoft Visual Studio软件开发工具制作"基于雷达资料暴雨面雨量自动化计算查询系统",供业务科研人员实时查询和计算。 相似文献
6.
地形的起伏使雷达波束受到严重的遮挡,使回波数据质量受到很大干扰。本文使用SRTM任务的DEM数据和谷歌公司的DEM数据分别计算了位于北京南郊的S波段雷达低仰角的波束遮挡率,建立了部分遮挡区域的回波反射率订正关系,并在2018年5月19日北京一次大范围层状云降水过程中,对波束遮挡订正前后的雷达定量估测雨量与地面3个雨量计观测结果进行了定性与定量化对比分析。结果表明:①波束遮挡订正有助于改善反射率因子的空间连续性。波束遮挡订正后的仰角0.5°的反射率与1.5°的反射率之间的差值整体呈现缩小特征,符合层状云降水垂直廓线特点。②09:00—11:00,相比波束遮挡订正前的雷达定量估测雨量(QPE),波束订正后的QPE准确性得到改善,使用分级标准误差与归一化平均偏差评价波束遮挡订正前后QPE与雨量计实测值之间的误差,波束订正后的反射率估测雨量与雨量计实测雨量一致性更好。 相似文献
7.
雷达定量降水估测可以提供时间连续、水平分辨率高和覆盖范围广阔的降水产品,目前已成为气象监测的重要手段之一。尽管当前针对不同地区雷达估测降水的方法有了长足的发展,但是复杂地形区的雷达降水估测效果仍需改进。本文针对青藏高原东北边坡复杂地形区雷达降水估测,在固定经验Z-I关系、云分类经验Z-I关系、回波分级统计Z-I关系3种已有算法的基础上,建立了基于准稳定移动窗口的地理地形因子实时动态调整降水估测订正算法,并利用2017-2018年汛期临夏地区降水天气个例开展估测效果评估。结果表明：未经订正算法估测降水值往往较实况观测值偏小,而经过订正后的估测降水平均值与观测实况较为一致;不同算法对于小量级降水估测的累计概率分布（CDF）与观测实况偏差较大,而随着降水量级逐渐增加,估测降水的CDF与实况观测逐渐接近,基于回波分级统计Z-I关系的订正算法估测性能更为稳定;不同算法估测降水量的误差差异较大,未订正算法对所有降水以低估为主,基于回波分级统计Z-I关系订正算法和基于固定经验Z-I关系订正算法的整体估测偏差较小;未经订正算法对对流性降水天气主要降水落区估测较好,但对降水强度估测较差,而订正后估测效果... 相似文献
8.
基于Z-I关系和变分校正法改进雷达估测降水 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
将新回归系数估计法和新误差订正法应用于3 km的雷达CAPPI估测降水,首先用新的回归方法得出更合理的Z-I关系;再用基于变分技术的新的误差订正方法对估算出的降水进行订正,获得较好的估算结果,并且用2005年6月17～25日广东自动站降水和每6分钟一次的雷达基数据对新回归系数估计法和新误差订正法进行验证,结果表明:将新回归系数估计法和新误差订正法用于雷达估测降水,能更好地对雷达回波强度估算降水的一些常见误差进行校订. 相似文献
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10.
利用多普勒雷达资料作站点雨量及面雨量临近预报 总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2
通过对近两年收集的降水过程的雷达回波资料进行统计分析,得到本地区主要降水过程类型及其回波演变特征;利用反射率因子的基数据和风廓线产品数据等资料,运用交叉相关法计算区域速度、读取风廓线得到环境风速度,自动判别降水回波类型、识别回波整体及单体移动速度;应用本地实时的dBz-I关系及线性外推法计算未来1～2 h站点降水量及面雨量,实现降水临近预报自动化;应用自动站雨量资料及雷达联合自动站资料所作的雨强实时分析场对1 h站点雨量预报及区域雨量预报进行初步检验,1～24.9 mm和≥25 mm以上站点预报的平均相对误差分别为58%、33%;区域雨量预报的雨区范围及中心分布与实况具有较好的一致性;2 h降水预报在回波较稳定时,仍有较好的预报效果. 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
13.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
14.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
15.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(4):227
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. 相似文献
17.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
18.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献