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利用黑龙江省1961～2003年逐日气象资料,采用世界粮食研究模型(WOFOST)和气候变化趋势分析的数学方法,分析了气候变化趋势对小麦产量变化趋势的影响.在黑龙江省中部、东部和北部相对湿润的小麦种植区域,辐射量降低趋势是小麦模拟产量降低趋势的主要气候原因;在松嫩平原西南部的齐齐哈尔市、大庆市和哈尔滨市,降水量增加的趋势是小麦模拟产量增加趋势的主要气候原因;在西北部的北安、五大连池、克山和克东4县,辐射量增加趋势是小麦模拟产量增加趋势的主要气候原因;黑龙江省小麦模拟产量变化趋势百分率的平均值为-1.57%/10a. 相似文献
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气候变暖对黑龙江省主要农作物的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用黑龙江省和哈尔滨市的气温资料,通过5种气候模式,对黑龙江省及哈尔滨市的气温变化特点,以及未来50 a的变化趋势作了分析。结果表明：20世纪80年代以来,黑龙江省气候明显变暖,在1881-2001年120 a间哈尔滨年平均气温上升了1.4℃,全省1981-2000年较1951-1980年间平均气温上升近1.0℃。数值模拟结果显示,2030年和2050年的气温将分别升高1.9℃和2.4℃,到2050年≥10℃积温带将北移约5个纬距。气候变暖对水稻、玉米、大豆和小麦生长发育的影响很大,除大豆增产外,其他作物产量均有所降低。因此,必须进行作物结构调整才能逐步适应气候变化,获得增产 相似文献
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近40年黄河源区气候要素分布特征及变化趋势分析 总被引：12，自引：7，他引：12
用Mann-Kendall统计检验方法对黄河源区13个气象站点1959—1997年日照、气温、降水、蒸发的分布特征和变化趋势进行了分析,结果表明:近40年黄河源区年平均日照时数表现为微弱的下降趋势,空间分布呈明显的从北部向南部减少的态势,变化趋势从中部向西部、东部、北部逐渐减少;年平均气温呈明显的上升趋势,空间分布规律从西向东、从南向北逐渐增加,变化趋势为中部、南部地区上升趋势最小,北部、东部、西部上升幅度较大;多年平均降水呈较弱的下降趋势,空间分布规律从东南向西北逐渐减少,变化趋势表现为大部分地区降水量呈下降趋势;年平均蒸发量的下降趋势幅度较大,空间分布规律从北部向南部逐渐减少,变化趋势表现为大部分地区呈减少趋势,以北部地区最为明显。另外,本文也应用线性倾向估计方法对黄河源区各气候要素进行了分析,这两种方法得到的结果基本一致。 相似文献
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泾河流域温度与器皿蒸发量时空特征及变化趋势 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用泾河流域周边14个气象站点1957～2002年逐日温度、器皿蒸发数据,分析了近45 a来气温、器皿蒸发量的时空变化特征。Mann-Kendall统计检验结果表明：泾河流域气温变化趋势与同期我国气温变化趋势基本一致,年均温存在显著变暖的总趋势,增温率为0.29℃/10 a。流域北部气候变暖趋势高于流域南部,变暖的季节主要是秋冬季节。年器皿蒸发量呈逐渐减少的趋势,倾向率为-39.3 mm/10 a,在空间上变率表现为流域南部、北部减少趋势明显,中部变化趋势不明显。 相似文献
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蒸散量是内陆水循环的重要环节,探索西北干旱半干旱区气候因素对蒸散量的影响,有助于深入研究内陆水循环对气候变化的响应。本文利用玛纳斯河流域1964—2010年6个气象台站的日气温、风速、相对湿度等气候资料,通过Penman-Monteith公式估算玛纳斯河流域的参考作物蒸散量(RET),利用回归分析、Mann-Kendall等方法分析研究参考作物蒸散量的时空变化特征。结果表明:(1)玛纳斯河流域参考作物蒸散量空间差异明显,除石河子外南部绿洲区参考作物蒸散量均大于北部绿洲边缘区,季节变化趋势也较北部明显。从季节上来看,玛纳斯河流域参考作物蒸散量季节变化差异显著,夏季是参考作物蒸散量变化的主要贡献者,其次是秋季大于春季,冬季的变化最小。(2)南部绿洲区平均风速的减小是参考作物蒸散量减少的主要原因,北部绿洲边缘区相对湿度的增加是参考作物蒸散量减少的主要原因。 相似文献
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基于RegCM4区域气候模式、CMIP5全球气候模式数据集和中国东北地区162个气象站气温观测资料,采用偏差分析和相关分析评估了RegCM4和CMIP5对东北地区气温的模拟能力,预估了RCP2.6、RCP4.5和RCP8.5排放情景下东北地区未来气温的变化。结果表明：区域模式和全球模式均能较好地再现气温时空变化特征,模式对冬季和夏季的模拟效果优于秋季和春季;在区域尺度信息上,区域模式和全球模式的模拟值均较观测值偏小,RegCM4模式的模拟结果明显优于CMIP5模式,且对模拟的冷偏差有改善。未来东北地区年及四季气温均呈升高趋势,RCP2.6情景下增温相对较小,RCP4.5次之,RCP8.5情景下增温最显著;冬季和秋季气温增幅较大,夏季气温增幅最小;与CMIP5模式相比,RegCM4模式的增温幅度更大,且年际振荡特征更加明显。空间上,区域模式和全球模式预估的近期、中期、末期增温分布格局比较一致,均呈自北向南逐渐减小的纬向分布特征,辽宁地区增温幅度最小,增幅高值区位于黑龙江省大兴安岭地区,虽然北部升温幅度较南部明显,但是升温后未来东北地区的气温分布特征仍是南部气温高于北部。 相似文献
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利用耦合模式比较计划第5阶段（CMIP5）中5个全球气候模式3种典型浓度路径（RCPs）预估结果,基于植被净初级生产力模型,估算安徽省21世纪近期（2018—2030年)、中期（2031—2050年）和远期（2051—2099年）植被净初级生产力及其对气候变化的响应。结果表明：对不同模式在安徽省模拟能力的评估可知,气温以多模式集合模拟效果优于单个模式,MIROC-ESM-CHEM对降水的模拟能力较好。未来安徽省将持续变暖,北部变暖幅度高于南部,其中RCP8.5情景下变暖趋势更显著;全省降水量将增加,南部增加多于北部。随着气候趋于暖湿化,植被净初级生产力总体增加;与基准年相比,21世纪近期增加不明显,中后期显著增加,空间上南部增加总体高于北部。从气候变化响应来看,安徽省植被净初级生产力与降水量和平均气温均显著相关,并且对降水量的响应程度更高。 相似文献
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选取中国东北区域162个气象站1961—2015年地面气温资料,采用多种统计方法分析了近55 a东北地区气温的一致性和局地性演变特征。结果表明:东北地区年平均气温存在较为良好的空间一致性,"全区一致型"气候类型为东北地区最主要气候形态;第一旋转载荷向量时间系数呈上升趋势亦存在较明显2—7 a的周期,说明北部地区气温受全球变暖、ENSO等大尺度气候背景影响显著; 1961—2015年北部区域以0. 34℃/10 a的升温率高于南部区域的0. 26℃/10 a,但1980年后增温趋势减慢;年平均气温的概率曲线随年代整体向高值区移动,北部区域冬季增暖较为显著,南部区域冬夏均较为明显,春秋季节可能有缩短趋势。 相似文献
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使用黑龙江省1961—2008年22个站的逐日气象资料和玉米主产县的产量资料,确立基准时段,建立气温影响系数,分析气候变暖对黑龙江省玉米单产增加/减少的贡献率。结果表明:近50年来,气候变暖总体上对黑龙江省玉米单产增加趋势有利。以1961—1969年为基准时段,相对于20世纪60年代,70年代、80年代、90年代和21世纪初气候变暖的贡献率分别为16.8%、16.0%、20.9%和23.9%;以1970—1983年为基准时段,相对于20世纪70年代,80年代、90年代和21世纪初气候变暖的贡献率分别为3.6%、9.2%和11.2%。 相似文献
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An understanding of the relative impacts of the changes in climate variables on crop yield can help develop effective adaptation strategies to cope with climate change. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the interannual variability and trends in temperature, solar radiation and precipitation during 1961–2003 on wheat and maize yields in a double cropping system at Beijing and Zhengzhou in the North China Plain (NCP), and to examine the relative contributions of each climate variable in isolation. 129 climate scenarios consisting of all the combinations of these climate variables were constructed. Each scenario contained 43 years of observed values of one variable, combined with values of the other two variables from each individual year repeated 43 times. The Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM) was used to simulate crop yields using the ensemble of generated climate scenarios. The results showed that the warming trend during the study period did not have significant impact on wheat yield potential at both sites, and only had significant negative impact on maize yield potential at Beijing. This is in contrast with previous results on effect of warming. The decreasing trend in solar radiation had a much greater impact on simulated yields of both wheat and maize crops, causing a significant reduction in potential yield of wheat and maize at Beijing. Although decreasing trends in rainfed yield of both simulated wheat and maize were found, the substantial interannual variability of precipitation made the trends less prominent. 相似文献
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The effects of past climate change on the northern limits of maize planting in Northeast China 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Northeast China (NEC) is one of the major agricultural production areas in China and also an obvious region of climate warming. We were motivated to investigate the impacts of climate warming on the northern limits of maize planting. Additionally, we wanted to assess how spatial shifts in the cropping system impact the maize yields in NEC. To understand these impacts, we used the daily average air temperature data in 72 weather stations and regional experiment yield data from Jilin Province. Averaged across NEC, the annual air temperature increased by 0.38 °C per decade. The annual accumulated temperature above 10 °C (AAT10) followed a similar trend, increased 66 °C d per decade from 1961 to 2007, which caused a northward expansion of the northern limits of maize. The warming enabled early-maturing maize hybrids to be sown in the northern areas of Heilongjiang Province where it was not suitable for growing maize before the warming. In the southern areas of Heilongjiang Province and the eastern areas of Jilin Province, the early-maturing maize hybrids could be replaced by the middle-maturing hybrids with a longer growing season. The maize in the northern areas of Liaoning Province was expected to change from middle-maturing to late-maturing hybrids. Changing the hybrids led to increase the maize yield. When the early-maturing hybrids were replaced by middle-maturing hybrids in Jilin Province, the maize yields would increase by 9.8 %. Similarly, maize yields would increase by 7.1 % when the middle-maturing hybrids were replaced by late-maturing hybrids. 相似文献
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Vapor pressure deficit (VPD) is a widely used measure of atmospheric water demand. It is closely related to crop evapotranspiration and consequently has major impacts on crop growth and yields. Most previous studies have focused on the impacts of temperature, precipitation, and solar radiation on crop yields, but the impact of VPD is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the spatial and temporal changes in VPD and their impacts on yields of major crops in China from 1980 to 2008. The results showed that VPD during the growing period of rice, maize, and soybean increased by more than 0.10 kPa (10 yr)–1 in northeastern and southeastern China, although it increased the least during the wheat growing period. Increases in VPD had different impacts on yields for different crops and in different regions. Crop yields generally decreased due to increased VPD, except for wheat in southeastern China. Maize yield was sensitive to VPD in more counties than other crops. Soybean was the most sensitive and rice was the least sensitive to VPD among the major crops. In the past three decades, due to the rising trend in VPD, wheat, maize, and soybean yields declined by more than 10.0% in parts of northeastern China and the North China Plain, while rice yields were little affected. For China as a whole, the trend in VPD during 1980–2008 increased rice yields by 1.32%, but reduced wheat, maize, and soybean yields by 6.02%, 3.19%, and 7.07%, respectively. Maize and soybean in the arid and semi-arid regions in northern China were more sensitive to the increase in VPD. These findings highlight that climate change can affect crop growth and yield through increasing VPD, and water-saving technologies and agronomic management need to be strongly encouraged to adapt to ongoing climate change. 相似文献
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黑龙江省粮食产量结构与影响产量的气象因子分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
通过黑龙江省1949～2006年粮食产量结构分析及近30年的粮食单产与5～9月气象要素相关分析,得出黑龙江省粮食总产的波动主要取决于粮食作物平均单产波动及作物种植结构的调整.1949年以来,在粮食作物中,玉米和大豆所占比例变化不大,水稻呈逐年增加的趋势,春小麦在20世纪90年代以前呈逐步增加的趋势,而90年代以后则急速下降;水稻的单产最高,其次是玉米,再次是春小麦,大豆单产最低;从单产的增减趋势来看,各种粮食作物单产基本呈逐步增长的趋势.影响黑龙江省粮食产量丰歉的主要气象因子为6月平均温度、9月降水量、5月和6月日照时数. 相似文献
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Attribution of Maize Yield Increase in China to Climate Change and Technological Advancement Between 1980 and 2010 
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下载免费PDF全文 GUO Jianping ZHAO Junfang WU Dingrong MU Ji XU Yanhong 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(6):1168-1181
Crop yields are affected by climate change and technological advancement. Objectively and quantitatively evaluating the attribution of crop yield change to climate change and technological advancement will ensure sustainable development of agriculture under climate change. In this study, daily climate variables obtained from 553 meteorological stations in China for the period 1961-2010, detailed observations of maize from 653 agricultural meteorological stations for the period 1981-2010, and results using an Agro-Ecological Zones (AEZ) model, are used to explore the attribution of maize (Zea mays L.) yield change to climate change and technological advancement. In the AEZ model, the climatic potential productivity is examined through three step-by-step levels: photosynthetic potential productivity, photosynthetic thermal potential productivity, and climatic potential productivity. The relative impacts of different climate variables on climatic potential productivity of maize from 1961 to 2010 in China are then evaluated. Combined with the observations of maize, the contributions of climate change and technological advancement to maize yield from 1981 to 2010 in China are separated. The results show that, from 1961 to 2010, climate change had a significant adverse impact on the climatic potential productivity of maize in China. Decreased radiation and increased temperature were the main factors leading to the decrease of climatic potential productivity. However, changes in precipitation had only a small effect. The maize yields of the 14 main planting provinces in China increased obviously over the past 30 years, which was opposite to the decreasing trends of climatic potential productivity. This suggests that technological advancement has offset the negative effects of climate change on maize yield. Technological advancement contributed to maize yield increases by 99.6%-141.6%, while climate change contribution was from-41.4% to 0.4%. In particular, the actual maize yields in Shandong, Henan, Jilin, and Inner Mongolia increased by 98.4, 90.4, 98.7, and 121.5 kg hm-2 yr-1 over the past 30 years, respectively. Correspondingly, the maize yields affected by technological advancement increased by 113.7, 97.9, 111.5, and 124.8 kg hm-2 yr-1, respectively. On the contrary, maize yields reduced markedly under climate change, with an average reduction of-9.0 kg hm-2 yr-1. Our findings highlight that agronomic technological advancement has contributed dominantly to maize yield increases in China in the past three decades. 相似文献
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吉林省气候变化及其对粮食生产的影响 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
应用气候观测、再分析资料和吉林省粮豆单产资料,研究了气候变化对粮食生产的影响。结果表明：近40多年来在北半球中纬度地区,吉林省是夏季农业生长季（5-9月）的平均温度上升趋势最显著的地区,该省中西部、南部和辽宁省为东北地区年降水量线性减少趋势较显著的地区,气候变化以暖干倾向为主;吉林省东部为年降水量线性增加趋势的显著地区。吉林省气候变暖对自20世纪80年代以来粮豆单产的持续增长起着重要的作用,但在20世纪末期至21世纪初,这种有利作用已不明显,呈现出粮豆单产年际变化随降水量的多寡而振动的特点。 相似文献
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气候变化引起水热条件的变化,从而影响到我国农业生产的方方面面,人们采取不同措施以适应气候变化带来的各种影响。为了清楚地认识气候变化对我国主要粮食作物生产的影响以及适应措施,利用《中国农业统计年鉴》1980-2007年资料和1961-2007年全国逐日平均温度观测数据及前人的研究成果,分析了气候变化对我国三大粮食作物布局和种植结构的影响。结果表明,由于气候变暖,粮食作物种植比例变化明显。小麦种植比例对气候变化最为敏感,波动大;水稻种植比例变化南北方反向,且变化幅度趋缓;玉米种植比例持续增加,增幅加大。三大粮食作物种植结构变化均以2000年为分界点,呈现不同增减趋势。而作物熟制、复种指数也发生明显变化,种植北界持续北推。黑龙江地区大面积扩种水稻,原来的玉米优势种植区为水稻所替代。 相似文献