共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 93 毫秒
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1低温雨雪冰冻天气
2008年1月12日-2月2日江西出现了持续低温雨雪冰冻天气,其间全省平均气温之低、雨雪冰冻持续日数之长、范围之广,突破1959年有完整气象记录以来同期极值。 相似文献
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2008年1月11日至2月3日,湖北省出现了一次自1954／1955年以来50年一遇的严重冬季低温、雨雪、冰冻极端气象灾害,期间共出现4次（1月11～15日、18～22日、25～28日、1月30日至2月1日）低温雨雪天气过程。由于雨雪过程频繁、强度大,低温冰冻持续时间长,积雪冰冻范围广,对农业、交通、电力、通讯等行业以及城乡居民的日常生活造成了严重影响。 相似文献
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从天气、气候及大气物理量场等方面对2008年1月中下旬发生在我国南方大部分地区历史罕见的冰冻雨雪灾害性天气发生发展的成因、主要特征以及造成严重灾害的主要原因进行了诊断分析。结果表明：地面准静止锋是造成这次严重冰冻雨雪灾害的主要天气系统;逆温层是冻雨形成的必要条件;西南暖湿气流及北方强冷空气的不断补充是造成南方连续出现冰冻雨雪天气及造成严重灾害的充分必要条件。同时,Micaps二次开发产品的利用有助于深入分析极端天气事件。研究结果可为此类天气预报提供借鉴。 相似文献
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2009年初湖北省持续雨雪过程分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
利用常规天气图和数值预报产品资料,采取天气学和波谱方法,分析了2009年2月13日至3月4日湖北持续雨雪过程的环流形势及能量谱特征,并与2008年1月10日至2月1日湖北罕见持续低温雨雪冰冻过程进行对比.结果表明:两次持续雨雪过程具有基本相同的长波系统背景场条件和地面冷空气影响路径;对流层850-700 hPa存在逆温层,后一过程的逆温层维持时间更长、强度更大且无中断;两次雨雪过程的温度分布和强度差异明显,后者气温异常偏低,冰冻现象严重;两次雨雪天气期间,中高纬、中低纬地区的能量谱强度、输送和转换变化明显,且与天气系统的变化相对应. 相似文献
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《贵州气象》2017,(4)
该文利用NCEP再分析资料(水平分辨率2.5°×2.5°)以及常规的地面观测资料对贵州省2008年1月13日—2月14日和2016年1月21—25日的低温雨雪冰冻天气过程进行分析。可以看出两次天气过程中阻高偏强,在北极地区都出现了突然的升温,使得北极涡旋逐步被暖流挤出极地,是这两次低温雨雪冰冻过程中降温的主要原因。2008年1月的低温雨雪过程是在拉尼娜整体气候背景偏冷的情况下冷空气分3次爆发并持续了近1个月。而2016年1月在厄尔尼诺背景下气候背景偏暖,此次贵州的低温雨雪过程中,冷空气只爆发了1次且只持续了近5 d。从以上分析可以看出2008年1月低温雨雪天气发生的必然性和持续性以及2016年1月低温雨雪天气的突发性和短暂性;与2008年1月的多次冷空气爆发相对应,该时段贵州中层一直有明显的逆温存在,为这次持续性的低温雨雪过程提供了温度层结条件。2016年1月21—22日贵州低层出现了较弱的逆温,所以此次过程只在21日夜间出现了明显降雪,之后以低温为主,冰冻不是很明显。两次低温雨雪冰冻过程都有明显的锋区和上升气流存在,为这两次过程提供了动力和抬升力条件,其中2008年的是一次持续性过程,2016年则持续时间较短。 相似文献
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Mapping the shadow of experience of extreme weather events 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Peter D. Howe Hilary Boudet Anthony Leiserowitz Edward W. Maibach 《Climatic change》2014,127(2):381-389
Climate change will increase the frequency and/or intensity of certain extreme weather events, and perceived experience with extreme weather may influence climate change beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors. However, the aspects of extreme events that influence whether or not people perceive that they have personally experienced them remain unclear. We investigate (1) the correspondence of reported experience of extreme weather events with documented events, and (2) how characteristics of different extreme events shape the geographic area within which people are likely to report they have experienced it—the event’s perceived “shadow of experience.” We overlay geocoded survey responses indicating personal experience with hurricanes, tornadoes, and drought—from a 2012 nationally representative survey (N?=?1,008) of U.S. residents—on maps of recorded event impacts. We find that reported experiences correspond well with recorded event impacts, particularly for hurricanes and tornadoes. Reported experiences were related to event type, proximity, magnitude and duration. The results suggest locations where disaster preparedness efforts and climate change education campaigns could be most effective after an extreme weather event. 相似文献
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Extreme precipitation events identified using detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) in Anhui,China 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Qi Zhang Jiquan Zhang Denghua Yan Yongfang Wang 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2014,117(1-2):169-174
Extreme weather events include unusual, severe or unseasonal weather, and weather at the extremes of the historical distribution. They have become more frequent and intense under global warming, especially in mid-latitude areas. They bring about great agricultural and economic losses. It is important to define the threshold of extreme weather event because it is the starting point of extreme weather event research, though it has been of seldom concern. Taking extreme precipitation events in Anhui, China as an example, the detrended fluctuation analysis (DFA) method is introduced to define the threshold of extreme weather events. Based on it, the spatial and temporal distributions of extreme precipitation events are analyzed. Compared to the traditional percentile method, DFA is based on the long-term correlation of time series. Thresholds calculated by DFA are much higher than the 99th percentile and the values are higher in the south and lower in the north. This spatial pattern is similar to the annual precipitation spatial pattern. There is an obvious increasing trend in the number of days with extreme precipitation, especially after the 1980s. This observation supports the point that more extreme events happen under global warming. 相似文献
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降雪与冻雨天气研究回顾 总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2
2008年初,中国南方许多地区出现了历史罕见的持续雨雪、冰冻天气,对电力、交通、农业、林业等造成了极大破坏。分析研究这种在全球气候变化背景下发生的极端天气事件的形成原因,有助于提高预测水平和对类似灾害性天气的防范能力。在对近年来国内外关于冬季降雪和冻雨天气研究进行简略回顾的基础上,对其未来研究方向进行了展望。认为：在全球气候变暖的背景下,要加强雨雪、冰冻天气形成机理与变化规律的研究,特别是要加强其发生的前兆性研究;要充分利用现代先进的探测技术和手段,提高对雨雪、冰冻天气的监测能力;要建立和完善对雨雪、冰冻灾害天气时间发生、发展的预报技术和方法。 相似文献
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A growing body of research examines the role of extreme weather experience—as one of the most personal, visceral (and increasingly frequent and severe) impacts of climate change—in shaping views on climate change. A remaining question is whether the experience of an extreme weather event increases climate change concern via experiential learning or reinforces existing views via motivated reasoning. Building on this work, we explore the relationship between personal experience and climate change policy preferences using surveys in 10 communities that experienced extreme weather events (3 tornadoes, 3 floods, 2 wildfires, 1 hurricane and 1 landslide). We find that self-reported personal harm aligns with objective measures of event impacts and that personal harm (i.e., experience) is associated with higher levels of policy support. However, we do not find that objective measures of event impacts are related to policy support. Though political ideology (i.e., motivated reasoning) dominates our model of policy support in predictable ways, personal harm moderates this relationship suggesting that conservatives reporting higher levels of personal harm from the event are, on average, more likely to express support for climate policy than those reporting lower levels of harm. We postulate that while extreme weather events may serve as teachable moments on climate change, their lessons may only reach conservatives who feel personally harmed, even in the communities most affected. 相似文献
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The linkage between the Arctic and midlatitudes has received much attention recently due to the rapidly changing climate.Many investigations have been conducted to reveal the relationship between the Arctic and Eurasian extreme events from the perspective of climatological statistics.As a prediction source for extreme events in Eurasia,Arctic conditions are crucial for extreme event predictions.Therefore,it is urgent to explore the Arctic influence on the predictability of Eurasian extreme events due to the large uncertainties in Arctic conditions.Considering the sensitivity and nonlinearity of the atmospheric circulations in midlatitude to Arctic conditions,it is necessary to investigate the Arctic influences on Eurasian extreme weather events in case studies at weather time scales.Previous studies indicate that only perturbations in specific patterns have fast growth.Thus,the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation approach is recommended for exploring the uncertainties in Arctic initial and boundary conditions and their synergistic effect on Eurasian extreme events.Moreover,the mechanism for extreme event formation may differ in different cases.Therefore,more extreme cases should be investigated to reach robust conclusions. 相似文献
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The literature suggests that extreme weather experiences have potential to increase climate change engagement by influencing the way people perceive the proximity and implications of climate change. Yet, limited attention has been directed at investigating how individual differences in the subjective interpretation of extreme weather events as indications of climate change moderate the link between extreme weather experiences and climate change attitudes. This article contends that subjective attribution of extreme weather events to climate change is a necessary condition for extreme weather experiences to be translated into climate change mitigation responses, and that subjective attribution of extreme weather to climate change is influenced by the psychological and social contexts in which individuals appraise their experiences with extreme weather. Using survey data gathered in the aftermath of severe flooding across the UK in winter 2013/2014, personal experience of this flooding event is shown to only directly predict perceived threat from climate change, and indirectly predict climate change mitigation responses, among individuals who subjectively attributed the floods to climate change. Additionally, subjective attribution of the floods to climate change is significantly predicted by pre-existing climate change belief, political affiliation and perceived normative cues. Attempts to harness extreme weather experiences as a route to engaging the public must be attentive to the heterogeneity of opinion on the attributability of extreme weather events to climate change. 相似文献
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在传统的气象资料质量控制技术中,通常利用统计方法设置控制界限,对于界限以外的资料作为可疑值被标注或作为错误值而被剔除。文中以中国1971~2000年700多基准基本站中,气温极端事件———青海托托河站1985年10月~1986年3月的极端异常月平均气温为例,介绍了极端异常气象资料的综合性质量控制方法。通过综合性质量控制与分析,即参考Metadata、邻近站检验、不同观测项目间的一致性检查,均证明托托河站1985年10月~1986年3月极端异常月平均气温资料是正确的。从而说明,利用界限控制检查出的所谓错误资料,虽然在统计学意义上很难出现,但是它有可能反映了异常极端的天气气候事件,是正确的。因此,对于极端异常的气象资料,应进一步通过综合性质量控制,分析该资料正确与否,从而保留极端天气气候事件的事实。文中最后介绍了中国1971~2000年700多基准基本站极端异常月平均气温资料的综合性质量检查结果。 相似文献