共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
选取2010—2015年辽宁地区包含事故位置、等级、发生时间、环境条件等信息的高速公路交通事故数据,采用序关系分析法将事故数量和等级量化为高速公路事故指数。匹配事故发生地点临近的气象站点观测数据,分析了高速事故发生时间特征及与气象要素相关性,并利用气象要素通过逐步回归方法对高速事故指数进行模拟。结果表明:辽宁省高速公路事故高发年份气候特征为降水偏多、日照时数偏少。冬季因天气诱发的高速事故数量最多、平均事故指数最大,其中相对湿度、降水量与冬季事故指数关系最为密切。对事故指数进行预测的结果显示:秋季、冬季重特大级别事故的预测准确率较好,准确率分别达到62.5%和51.3%。 相似文献
2.
以G60沪昆高速浙江段为气象灾害风险普查对象,通过统计分析方法,挑选出灾害隐患点,在此基础上,利用问卷调查法、专家评估法、对比分析法和主成分分析等方法,对隐患点的气象灾害风险情况进行了调查分析。结果显示,G60沪昆高速浙江段隐患点主要灾害性天气为大雾和道路结冰,其次短时强降水也会引发一定的交通事故;隐患点的灾害性天气主要发生在秋冬季节,1—2月和9月尤为明显;低能见度致灾阈值为500 m,短时强降水阈值为7 mm/h,降雪阈值为小雪或雨夹雪,各气象要素达到以上强度时,将对高速公路交通产生影响;通过与交通部门的交流座谈,对方希望能获取更多的大雾、强降水等灾害性天气定时定点定量的预报,同时对气象部门提供的产品形式也提出了一些要求和建议,在服务方式上,可以增加更多的新媒体形式。 相似文献
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大雾是影响高速公路交通安全与运营效率的最主要的灾害天气之一。基于2004—2013年浙江省68个气象站大雾观测资料、基础地理信息数据以及高速公路历史灾情数据,开展浙江省高速公路大雾灾害风险区划研究。依据自然灾害风险分析原理,构建高速公路大雾灾害风险区划指标体系,以浙江省大雾出现的频次和持续时间作为大雾灾害的危险性评价指标;以因大雾导致的高速公路交通事故率、高速公路封路频次和持续时间作为脆弱性评价指标;以高速公路客运量和货运量作为暴露性评价指标。在ArcGIS的空间信息技术支持下,采用层次分析法和综合评价方法,建立了高速公路大雾灾害风险评估模型,最终完成浙江省高速公路大雾灾害风险区划图。区划结果表明,高风险区路段占全省路段总长的15.13%,主要分布在申嘉湖高速南浔段以及嘉善段、杭州湾环线高速萧山至越城段、杭州绕城西线高速、常台高速上虞至嵊州段、诸永高速诸暨至磐安段、沪昆高速诸暨段以及柯城段。 相似文献
4.
利用2012—2017年河北省高速公路沿线交通气象站观测资料以及因气象条件造成的高速公路交通事故和封闭管制资料,选取公路交通高影响天气的强度、持续时间、风险区划等级、单项车流量、地形、发生时段等多个因子,运用加权分析法,分别建立雾、路面结冰和强降雨3种气象灾害风险等级预报模型。在此基础上,构建综合3种高影响天气条件下的高速公路通行状况综合风险等级预报模型,并以3种天气条件造成的公路封闭时长为判别指标给出分级标准。经检验,基于3种高影响天气的河北高速公路通行状况综合风险等级预报模型,其产品准确率可达76.7%,能够满足日常交通气象服务需求。 相似文献
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《干旱气象》2020,(2)
利用2015年10月至2018年10月河北省高速公路交通事故资料和109个国家站地面常规观测资料,对比分析夏半年和冬半年高速交通事故的时间变化特征及与气象要素的关系,利用主成分分析方法筛选出对交通事故影响较大的气象因子,并引入二元Logistic回归模型,分别建立夏半年和冬半年高速交通事故气象预警模型,并对模型进行精度检验。结果表明:河北高速公路交通事故具有明显的日、月变化特征,夏半年事故量是冬半年的1.4倍,且夏半年事故量月波动较冬半年弱;夏、冬半年交通事故日变化均呈"M"型分布,白天远高于夜间,峰值分别出现在10:00和15:00,且夏半年各时次(18:00—20:00除外)事故量高于冬半年。河北高速交通事故气象预警模型综合了湿度、降水量、风速、气压因子,而冬半年还增加了温度因子,预警模型对低于或等于事故发生众数的样本预测正确率均在99%之上,而对高于事故发生众数的样本错判率较高,但整体精度仍在80%以上,说明模型对高速公路交通预警有一定参考意义。 相似文献
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《干旱气象》2020,(4)
基于2010—2014年G98海南环岛高速公路降水资料及公安交管部门提供的交通事故资料,分析海南环岛高速公路交通事故分布特征,发现强降雨是诱发交通事故最多的灾害性天气。运用灰色关联度方法针对降雨引发的交通事故进行评估分析,通过死亡人数、受伤人数和直接经济财产损失3项评估指标得到40次典型个例的灰色关联度排序。以年累计降雨日数、最大日降雨量、最大小时降雨量作为致灾因子危险性指标;以环岛高速公路气象灾害风险普查得到的强降雨致灾隐患路段、单向车流量作为承灾体脆弱性指标;以因降雨造成的交通事故发生频次和事故灰色关联度最大值作为承灾体易损性指标,构建环岛高速强降雨气象灾害风险区划指数模型,计算11个高速公路管理站的风险区划指数,得到海南环岛高速公路强降雨气象灾害的客观风险空间分布,发现定安—万宁路段是强降雨高风险路段,在交通气象服务中应重点关注。 相似文献
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《干旱气象》2016,(2)
利用2008~2012年河北省高速公路交通事故资料和交通气象自动站、气象站观测资料,统计分析了高速交通事故的日、月及年变化特征及其与雨、雪、雾等灾害性天气的关系。在此基础上,基于气象、路网、交通和地形等因素,采用专家评分法和指标权重法,构建河北省雾天高速公路通行预警指标体系,并结合2013~2014年京沪、黄石高速河北段案例,对预警指标体系进行检验。结果表明:河北省高速公路交通事故年发生频次变化较大,总体呈下降趋势;每日00~05时为高速交通事故高发时段,12时、16时为次高峰;夏季是高速交通事故多发季节(30.2%),冬季最少(20.2%)。其中,7月交通事故最多,5月、6月、8月次之。5~9月、9月至翌年3月、12月至翌年2月,分别是河北雨、雾、雪等灾害性天气高速交通事故多发期,每日06~08时是雾天高速交通事故高发时段。2013~2014年试预报检验京沪、黄石高速通行预警级别准确率分别为84%、75.9%,精度较高,该指标体系可为河北省交通气象服务及防灾减灾提供一定参考。 相似文献
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利用2008—2015年南昌铁路局管辖内沪昆铁路沿线(以下称沪昆线)的灾情资料、工务段编组站监测雨量和沿线附近的自动站雨量数据,分析了沪昆线由降雨诱发的水害和地质灾害特征,以揭示其与降雨强度的关系。结果表明:沪昆线降雨诱发的水害和地质灾害种类多、发生频率高,灾害年度差异较大;边坡、堤坡和堑坡的溜坍占全部水害和地质灾害事件的一半以上,且发生的时间集中在4—8月,与江西的主汛期时间一致;暴雨和连续性降雨是引起沪昆线水害和地质灾害的主要原因。最后基于警戒雨量临界值,将致灾前1 h最大降水量、3 h降水量、24 h降水量和连续降水量作为初始预报因子,采用事件概率回归法,建立了沪昆铁路江西段出巡、限速、封锁警戒的概率预报模型。 相似文献
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为了提高雪天高速公路行车的安全性,利用河北省高速交警总队提供的2008—2012年河北省高速公路交通事故资料,统计分析了雪天交通事故时空分布特征。结果表明:1月分布变化显著,1月、2月和11月、12月为雪天交通事故的高发期,占全年雪天交通事故的87.2%;2空间分布不均匀,京港澳高速以及张家口境内的京藏、张石等高速是雪天交通事故的多发区,占总数的51.1%。基于气象、路面和地形等因素,采用专家评判法,通过分析2008—2012年河北省29个冰雪个例,提出了河北省冰雪天气公路通行条件预警指标和分级标准,检验京沪、京藏高速预警级别准确率分别为73.9%、84.2%。该指标体系为河北省交通行业气象服务及防灾减灾提供了参考。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
19.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献