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1.
登陆过程中台风高层暖心结构演变特征分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
采用美国国家环境预报中心NCEP提供的分辨率为0.5°的再分析资料和中国气象局上海台风研究所热带气旋最佳路径集,对1979—2010年于30°N以南登陆中国的台风进行合成并分析其高层暖心结构,主要结论如下:(1)登陆台风暖心在登陆前18h左右强度有较明显的加强趋势;(2)登陆阶段台风暖心有着明显的非对称性,向陆地侧的暖心面积更大;而在登陆方向两侧暖心结构也存在较弱的非对称性,登陆前暖心面积左侧大于右侧,登陆后暖心面积右侧大于左侧。(3)登陆台风暖心的温度梯度分布是不均匀的。越靠近暖心外围,温度梯度越大,越靠近暖心中心,温度梯度相对较小。当暖心强度变化后,暖心内层温度的变化率大于外层。(4)登陆过程中暖心强度在垂直方向的衰减比水平方向更为显著。(5)文中几种台风暖心特征的计算简便,物理含义明确,为实际业务提供了较为不错的定量化参考,方便理解台风暖心结构与台风强度变化之间的关系,具备一定的业务应用价值。 相似文献
2.
强台风海鸥登陆期间近地层风特性分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
利用位于海南文昌市的90 m测风塔观测的强台风海鸥多层测风数据,分析了台风海鸥登陆期间近地层风场时空特征、湍流强度、垂直风切变及阵风因子等风场特性,分析结果表明:台风海鸥登陆期间,近地层各高度风速呈现"M"型双峰特征,最大风速出现在台风后风圈;台风过境前后,风向旋转了180°;近地层风速随高度升高而增大,各高度风速垂直切变符合对数和指数规律;粗糙度长度、风廓线幂指数、湍流强度、阵风系数等风场特性与风速呈负相关关系,随着风速的增加而降低;从台风外围至台风眼,粗糙度长度随风速呈现"增大-减小-增大"特征;台风眼内部风速垂直切变剧烈,前后风圈的风速垂直切变较弱;强风区湍流强度较弱,弱风区湍流强度较强;台风风圈的湍流强度随高度增加而减小,台风眼内湍流强度随高度先减小再增加;台风影响各阶段阵风系数随高度升高而减小,各高度层阵风系数遵循指数定律;阵风系数随风速的增大而减小,当风速达到一定强度时,阵风系数随风速变化不明显。 相似文献
3.
台风菲特暴雨诊断分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
"菲特"台风暴雨具有阶段性特征,包括台风远距离降水、台风倒槽和内螺旋雨带降水、台风外部螺旋雨带降水、台风残留低压环流与冷空气相互作用降水4个阶段。利用地面观测、气象雷达观测、NCEP分析资料,对"菲特"台风暴雨环流形势进行了分析。引导台风东移的高压东西部具有不同热力属性,东部暖性深厚、西部冷性浅薄。浅薄冷高压阻挡登陆台风继续西移,延长台风倒槽和外围螺旋雨带的降水时间。"丹娜丝"台风的靠近,有利于东南风水汽输送的增强。副热带高压的增强,在黄海上空逼近东移高空槽形成稳定的高空急流。文章提出与传统垂直风切变大、高空急流强的冷空气阻挡型不同的侵入型冷空气和台风相互作用形势。侵入型冷空气从低层入侵,影响台风残留低压的外围环流。在低压外围环流的北部形成较强的东北风,并与海上的东风对峙辐合形成海岸锋。冷空气侵入型的空间不对称特征明显:对流有效位能东高西低,垂直风切变西北高东南低。残留低压的中层受冷空气影响较小,沿海地区的东南风持续的时间更长。中层高位涡区与地面海岸锋的互应,为变性的台风残留低压暴雨提供有利条件。 相似文献
4.
浙江沿海登陆台风结构特性的多普勒雷达资料分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用浙江省新一代多普勒雷达组网资料,选取在浙江东南沿海近乎同一地点登陆的3个台风进行研究。从登陆前6 h到登陆后7 h,对比分析3个台风在登陆前后的雷达回波和降水结构时空变化特征。利用单多普勒雷达四维变分风场反演技术,对温州多普勒雷达探测资料进行了风场反演。结合利用雷达回波强度资料,对3个台风登陆前后1 h在云岩、昌禅等地造成特大暴雨的中尺度对流系统的三维结构及其演变特征进行了详细分析。结果表明,台风强度与其螺旋云带中的对流单体密切相关。台风强度愈强,其中低层环状平均回波强度就愈强,对流活动也就愈旺盛,降水强度也愈大。台风登陆前,回波(雨带)从眼墙向外围传播。台风登陆后,随着台风外围回波(雨带)明显减弱,台风眼墙回波(雨带)则明显增强,台风眼区逐渐被强回波所取代,使台风登陆后眼墙的平均雨强比登陆前增大。台风登陆后1 h,由于低(高)层水平辐合(散)增强,强对流回波中倾斜的上升(下沉)气流明显增大,使对流运动更加活跃,造成登陆后1 h的降雨量显著增强。台风强度与登陆后1 h降雨量的增强幅度成正比。台风强度越强,垂直风切变就越大,垂直切变风速大值区与最大降雨区有较好的对应关系。台风登陆后1 h,垂直切变风速的明显增加对登陆台风螺旋雨带中的中小尺度对流的加强和维持起到了非常重要的作用。 相似文献
5.
强西南季风背景下1311号台风“尤特”的暴雨特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对比多年5—9月逐日平均和1311号台风"尤特"登陆期间逐日平均的西南风分量,分析了"尤特"登陆期间的西南季风强度变化特征,同时还分析了"尤特"登陆期间的环流特征和强西南季风背景下暴雨区的水汽条件、热力条件和动力条件。结果表明:(1)此次持续性暴雨过程的逐日西南风分量明显大于多年平均值且维持时间长;(2)"尤特"东南部有低空急流长时间存在,使得水汽源源不断地输入到"尤特"环流中,同时该次过程强降水区域的850 h Pa假相当位温长时间维持在350K以上;(3)此次过程中同一个降水中心在台风外围环流影响和西南季风辐合影响下,其强上升速度区高度明显不同。 相似文献
6.
应用非静力平衡中尺度模式MM5(V3.6)，对0414号台风Rananim在登陆期间移动路径和所产生的降水进行了数值模拟研究，模式较好地再现了台风Rananim的移动路径和所产生的降水，但模拟的过程降雨量与实况值还有所偏差。多普勒雷达探测资料表明，台风Rananim登陆期间，强回波带出现在台风移动的右前方，螺旋云带中镶嵌着大量的对流云团；垂直液态水含量的高值区出现在台风中心的西北侧。作者通过在浙江、福建东部沿海一带进行有无地形的数值对比试验，着重讨论了台风登陆期间地形对台风降水、台风结构特征变化的影响。结果表明:（1）台风登陆期间， 地形的影响对台风降雨量有明显的增幅作用。由地形强迫产生的降雨量和地形走向相一致，迎风坡降雨量增加，背风坡降雨量减少，地形影响使浙江东部一带增加的平均降雨量约占该地区模拟平均总降雨量的40%左右。（2）台风登陆期间，地形的强迫作用有利于在低层台风眼的西北侧形成明显的辐合带，高层为明显的辐散区；在中尺度环流场上，地形的影响有利于台风中心西北侧低层中尺度气旋性涡旋系统的发生发展，从而激发中尺度对流云团，形成中尺度雨团，造成了台风中心南北雨区和雨量的不对称分布。（3）地形的强迫作用，可以使台风流场局部发生改变。当地形强迫产生与台风环流同向的中尺度扰动时，将使台风环流局部明显增强；当地形强迫产生与台风环流反向的中尺度扰动时，将使台风环流局部明显减弱。（4）台风登陆期间，地形的影响可以使台风靠近陆地一侧眼壁内的垂直上升速度增大，位涡明显增强，从而造成台风涡旋的增强。 相似文献
7.
利用中央气象台台风定位定强、常规气象观测、浙江省自动气象站、宁波及华东多普勒天气雷达、美国NCEP/FNL（1 °×1 °）再分析等多种资料,对2015—2016年5个福建中南部沿海登陆后西北行的台风进行对比分析。这5个台风路径相似,宁波地区仅受外围环流影响,但均出现了暴雨到大暴雨,其中4个出现强对流。分析表明:浙江沿海保持较强的高层辐散和低层辐合,为强对流天气发生提供了环流背景。强对流天气发生在台风中心位于闽赣交界处、强度迅速减弱阶段,浙北沿海中低层处于台风气旋性环流、副热带高压环流和中纬度西风环流之间,宁波地区上空低层（约1.5 km以下）风向随时间变化不大,并可能出现逆时针旋转,1.5 km往上则为明显的顺时针旋转,风向在垂直方向上表现为随高度顺时针旋转且切变增大,同时中上层风速往往同时增大,进一步增大了风垂直切变,有利于强对流天气的发生,强对流均发生在风垂直切变（有时仅表现为风向切变）增强阶段。强对流天气发生在台风外围螺旋雨带中,但强对流回波走向与螺旋雨带明显不同,多个个例表现出由东南-西北逐步转为西南-东北走向,与中上层引导气流的变化一致。出现强对流的台风个例,宁波地区低层存在较明显的温度梯度,其他热力不稳定因素表现不明显,倒槽、中尺度涡旋等为需要密切关注的动力触发因子。最后归纳出此类台风强对流天气典型的高、中、低层大气环流配置模型,为预报提供参考。 相似文献
8.
该文统计了广西2006～2008年台风影响型雷暴大风发生情况,分析雷暴大风500hPa高度场和地面气压场特征,对相关的物理量进行了诊断分析,结果表明:(1)台风中心进入南海北部海域,华中、华南及华南沿海地区具有明显的"两高一低"的环流特征;(2)台风影响型雷暴大风出现在7～9月份,多发生在午后,峰值出现在16时左右;(3)台风影响型雷暴大风产生前,广西大部地区大气层结存在不稳定能量聚集,低层有强的水汽辐合,相对湿度增大,在靠近能量锋区移动方向的区域整层大气为强的垂直上升运动,中低层有正涡度配合. 相似文献
9.
《气象研究与应用》2017,(1)
利用WRF数值模式对台风"彩虹"进行数值模拟,较好地模拟出台风的移速路径、强度变化,登陆时间和地点与实况基本一致;利用高分辨率的模式输出,对台风增强条件进行分析,结果表明:(1)台风中心高空气流强烈外流区与高压反气旋环流中心靠近合并,中层呈"东北高西南低"的形势,副高中心的加强大大增强与台风之间的气压梯度力,均有利于台风强度增强;(2)小的各层VWS有利于台风加强;环流场的调整会使得各层VWS均有所增大,但台风仍在加强;深层和低层VWS先于台风减弱就开始增大,而高层VWS在台风减弱过程中仍维持较小;(3)台风强度的变化滞后于水汽净流入量的变化趋势约9小时,南边界为最主要的水汽输入,表明西南季风对台风水汽输送起着重要作用;(4)海表面输送的热量为台风发展提供能量来源的同时,其输送的不对称也是引起台风整体结构不对称的原因之一,其中潜热通量在台风加强过程中起到更重要的作用。 相似文献
10.
利用WRF模式对1822号台风"山竹"的登陆过程进行数值模拟试验,分析台风产生的大风特征,比较不同的阵风参数化方法在机场大风预报中的效果,结果表明:(1)试验基本模拟出了台风的路径和强度变化过程,模拟的珠三角机场平均风速大小和变化趋势与观测非常接近。(2)地面最大风速区出现在距离台风中心大约50-100km的位置上,垂直方向上风速从低层到高层逐渐减小,湍流动能的大值区集中在1.5km以下的边界层内。(3)台风登陆过程中广州、深圳和珠海机场的平均阵风因子分别为1.45、1.51和1.46,且随着平均风速的增大,阵风因子有减小的趋势。(4)基于湍流动能的阵风参数化方案在珠三角机场阵风预报中效果最好,平均预报误差只有3.9m/s,可以考虑应用到台风天气过程中机场阵风的业务预报。 相似文献
11.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
12.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
13.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
14.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
15.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
16.
17.
<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
18.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
19.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献