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1.
基于CMIP5资料的东亚夏季环流的BMA预测研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用CMIP5的17个全球气候系统模式对500 hPa位势高度场的年代际回报结果,采用距平相关系数、均方根误差、平均绝对误差及连续等级概率评分4种指标,评估了贝叶斯模式平均(Bayesian model average,BMA)预报方法对东亚夏季环流的回报能力,并与最优单模式MIROC5和多模式简单集合平均结果进行了比较。结果表明,BMA方法对东亚夏季500 hPa位势高度场的回报效果是最好的,优于最优单模式MIROC5和简单集合平均的回报结果。BMA模型能产生高集中度的概率密度函数,并包含了多模式集成回报不确定性的定量估计。此外,BMA方法对西太平洋副热带高压的年际变率也有较好的回报效果,对西太平洋副热带高压的预报,选取60~70%概率下的结果更为合理。 相似文献
2.
利用1991-2017年BCC_CSM1.1（m）模式模拟数据和NCEP/NCAR逐月再分析资料,评估了BCC_CSM1.1（m）对初夏东北冷涡的模拟能力。结果表明：BCC_CSM1.1（m）模式可以对500 hPa位势高度场气候态进行模拟,均方根误差显示该模式对中国东北南部地区500 hPa位势高度场的模拟要优于东北北部地区。EOF第一模态结果显示,该模式可以较好地模拟出500 hPa位势高度场的主要时空变化特征。BCC_CSM1.1（m）模式能够模拟出近27 a东北冷涡指数的上升趋势和年际变化,但模拟的上升趋势较实况偏强,年际变率较实况偏弱。BCC_CSM1.1（m）模式能够模拟出东北冷涡指数的年代际突变,但是对突变开始时间的模拟较实况偏晚。BCC_CSM1.1（m）模式能够模拟出东北冷涡指数和500 hPa位势高度场在东北及其附近地区的显著正相关,不能模拟出东北冷涡指数与东北初夏降水之间的显著负相关。此外,模式东北冷涡指数对东北初夏降水的预测能力十分有限。 相似文献
3.
基于BCC_CSM模式的中国东部夏季降水预测检验及订正 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
基于国家气候中心第二代季节预测模式的历史回报试验数据,检验了模式对我国东部夏季降水的预测能力,探讨了预测误差形成的可能原因,并应用降尺度方法提高了模式的降水预测技巧。分析表明:（1）模式能在一定程度上把握我国东部夏季降水时空变率的两个主要模态（偶极子型模态和全区一致型模态）,但是不同超前时间的预测在刻画模态方差贡献、异常空间分布特征、时间系数的年际变化等方面存在明显误差;（2）模式能够合理预测大尺度环流和海表温度（SST）的变化特征,但是对中国东部夏季降水的总体预测技巧有限,这与模式不能准确刻画西太平洋副热带高压、大陆高压、中高纬阻塞高压等环流系统以及热带太平洋、印度洋SST变率对中国东部降水模态的影响有关;（3）针对1991~2003年回报试验数据中的500 hPa位势高度、850 hPa纬向风和经向风、SST变量,在全球范围内寻找并定位与中国东部站点降水关系最密切的预报因子,进而建立针对降水预测的单因子线性回归、多因子逐步和多元回归模型。采用2004~2013年回报试验对所建立的降水预测模型进行了独立检验,结果表明:所建立的降尺度预测模型能显著提高中国东部地区夏季降水的预报技巧。以6月1日起报试验为例,预测的第一模态（第二模态）与观测的空间相关系数由原始的0.12（0.48）提高到了0.58（0.80）,时间相关系数则从0.47（0.15）提高到0.80（0.67）;其它超前时间的预测试验中,降尺度预测模型的降水预测技巧相比模式原始预测技巧也同样明显提高。 相似文献
4.
针对未来1~10 a气候状态的近期气候预测(年代际预测)是当前国际气候领域的研究热点。本文综述了中国科学院大气物理研究所发展的基于耦合气候系统模式的年代际气候预测系统IAP-DecPreS相关的研究进展。IAP-DecPreS系统的核心部分是耦合模式海洋分量初始化方案,“集合最优插值-分析增量更新”(EnOI-IAU)方案,该方案将集合最优插值(EnOI)和增量分析更新(IAU)结合起来,能够同化原始的海洋次表层温度廓线观测资料,对耦合模式进行初始化。系统的年代际回报试验表明,IAP-DecPreS对太平洋年代际振荡和大西洋多年代际变率的预测技巧与耦合模式比较计划第五阶段(CMIP5)技巧较高的模式相当。IAP-DecPreS系统被广泛应用于气候预测相关研究,包括火山气溶胶对年代际预测技巧的影响,全场同化和异常场同化两种不同的初始化方法对ENSO、印度洋偶极子模态和印度洋洋盆模态等的预测技巧的影响。最后,结合国际发展态势,对未来IAP-DecPreS的发展进行了讨论。 相似文献
5.
一个海气耦合模式对东亚夏季气候预测潜力的评估 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用一个具有较高分辨率的海气耦合模式SINTEX-F(Scale Interaction Experiment-Frontier Research Center for Global Change coupled GCM)的多年回报结果,评估了该海气耦合模式对东亚区域,尤其是中国地区气候异常的预测潜力.与观测实况的比较结果表明:SINTEX-F模式对夏季降水、500 hPa高度场和地表气温都有一定的预测技巧,但是相比而言降水与高度场的回报技巧要高于地表气温;而且耦合模式对东亚地区气候异常的主要空间分布和年际变化特征也有较好的预测潜力,对500 hPa高度场效果较好;对降水异常的年际变化也有一定的预测潜力,尤其是我国中部地区效果较好,但是模式预测的降水异常的幅值较观测相对偏弱;此外对我国西部的极端气候也有一定的预测潜力. 相似文献
6.
年代际气候预测计划（DCPP）是第六次国际耦合模式比较计划（CMIP6）的子计划之一,其目标是利用多模式开展气候系统年代际预测、可预测性和变率机制研究。DCPP设计了3组试验,即年代际回报试验、预报试验以及理解年代际变率机制和可预测性的敏感性试验。目前有21个模式拟参与DCPP计划,其中包括5个来自中国的模式。DCPP将推动解决气候系统从年际到年代际尺度预测相关的多项科学问题,评估当前气候预测系统预报技巧,挖掘潜在可预报性,研究长时间尺度气候变率形成机制,提供对科学和社会有用的预测产品。 相似文献
7.
本文使用戈达德对地观测系统（Goddard Earth Observing System,GEOS）全球三维大气化学传输模式GEOS-Chem模拟了气象场驱动下1986~2006年冬春季东亚到太平洋区域气溶胶的流出通量,分析了流出通量的年际变率及其相关的环流异常。结果表明,偏多（少）的东亚气溶胶流出对应东北亚-西太平洋区域（Northeast Asia-western Pacific,NAWP）500 hPa定常波负值中心强度变强（弱）。NAWP区域500 hPa位势高度场负（正）异常还可能造成气溶胶流出路径的变化,即更多（少）的气溶胶相对于气候态偏北5~10个纬度的路径向太平洋区域传输。这种位势高度场上的异常伴随着对流层中低层西风和大气斜压性异常,从而引起东亚到太平洋区域气溶胶流出通量及其路径的年际变化。 相似文献
8.
选取参与东北地区短期气候预测业务质量评估的53个气象站的月平均气温、降水资料,NCEP/NCAR再分析的月平均500 hPa位势高度场资料,以及由NOAA重构的海温场资料,对比了新、旧气候平均态下,冬、夏季东北地区气温、降水及全球500 hPa位势高度场及海温场差异, 并分析了气候平均值改变对气候变化、影响评价和预测业务的影响。结果表明：就东北大部分地区而言,新气候态（1981-2010年）表征的气候较旧气候态（1971-2000年）更暖湿;新气候态的全球500 hPa位势高度值和海温值较旧气候态均有所增大;新气候态下东亚大槽强度和西伯利亚高压强度变弱是造成东北冬季气温升高的主要原因;西太副高和鄂霍次克海阻塞高压强度增强,是造成东北地区大部分月份降水量增加的主要原因;而东北冷涡强度减弱是造成东北地区6月降水量减少的主要原因;9月和10月降水量减少可能与海温的变化有关。气候平均值的改变会对气候业务产生影响,如需对冷冬事件和ENSO事件重新评估,对极端事件重新分析,及对要素预报量级和趋势产生影响。 相似文献
9.
基于BCC_CSM1.1m,NCEP_CFSv2和ECMWF_System5模式的历史回报和中国全球大气再分析系统资料,对500hPa位势高度和西太平洋副热带高压进行预报性能评估和可预报性分析。结果表明:三个模式在热带地区均具有较高的预报能力,BCC模式表现最为突出,EC模式预报稳定性最好,NCEP模式预报技巧最低;三个模式预报的距平相关系数均表现出明显的年际变化,并且在超过中等强度的厄尔尼诺事件后,预报技巧有所提高,进一步证实ENSO是各模式对500hPa位势高度季节性尺度的可预测源;模式对西太副高脊线指数的预报技巧最高,其次是强度指数,再次是面积指数,对脊点指数的预报表现最差。 相似文献
10.
海温强迫下的东亚夏季大气环流潜在可预报性特征 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
利用大气环流模式NCARCAM3,进行22a（1979—2000年）、每年8个初值的集合试验,并采用方差分析方法,研究了观测海温强迫下东亚夏季大气环流的潜在可预报性。结果表明,夏季东亚地区海平面气压场的潜在可预报性总体偏低,在中国区域呈东南高、西北低的分布特征;850hPa纬向风场、对流层500～200hPa平均温度场和500hPa位势高度场在低纬度地区的潜在可预报性明显高于中高纬度地区。500hPa位势高度场的潜在可预报性较高,东亚大部分地区大于0.5,尤其华南地区大于0.7。夏季东亚500hPa位势高度场的潜在可预报性具有明显的年际变化特征,并与夏季南海海温异常关系密切。与正常年份相比,在夏季南海海温偏暖或者偏冷年,东亚500hPa位势高度场的潜在可预报性较高 相似文献
11.
Evaluation of summer temperature and precipitation predictions from NCEP CFSv2 retrospective forecast over China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
National Centers for Environmental Prediction recently upgraded its operational seasonal forecast system to the fully coupled climate modeling system referred to as CFSv2. CFSv2 has been used to make seasonal climate forecast retrospectively between 1982 and 2009 before it became operational. In this study, we evaluate the model’s ability to predict the summer temperature and precipitation over China using the 120 9-month reforecast runs initialized between January 1 and May 26 during each year of the reforecast period. These 120 reforecast runs are evaluated as an ensemble forecast using both deterministic and probabilistic metrics. The overall forecast skill for summer temperature is high while that for summer precipitation is much lower. The ensemble mean reforecasts have reduced spatial variability of the climatology. For temperature, the reforecast bias is lead time-dependent, i.e., reforecast JJA temperature become warmer when lead time is shorter. The lead time dependent bias suggests that the initial condition of temperature is somehow biased towards a warmer condition. CFSv2 is able to predict the summer temperature anomaly in China, although there is an obvious upward trend in both the observation and the reforecast. Forecasts of summer precipitation with dynamical models like CFSv2 at the seasonal time scale and a catchment scale still remain challenge, so it is necessary to improve the model physics and parameterizations for better prediction of Asian monsoon rainfall. The probabilistic skills of temperature and precipitation are quite limited. Only the spatially averaged quantities such as averaged summer temperature over the Northeast China of CFSv2 show higher forecast skill, of which is able to discriminate between event and non-event for three categorical forecasts. The potential forecast skill shows that the above and below normal events can be better forecasted than normal events. Although the shorter the forecast lead time is, the higher deterministic prediction skill appears, the probabilistic prediction skill does not increase with decreased lead time. The ensemble size does not play a significant role in affecting the overall probabilistic forecast skill although adding more members improves the probabilistic forecast skill slightly. 相似文献
12.
MJO prediction in the NCEP Climate Forecast System version 2 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Wanqiu Wang Meng-Pai Hung Scott J. Weaver Arun Kumar Xiouhua Fu 《Climate Dynamics》2014,42(9-10):2509-2520
The Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) is the primary mode of tropical intraseasonal climate variability and has significant modulation of global climate variations and attendant societal impacts. Advancing prediction of the MJO using state of the art observational data and modeling systems is thus a necessary goal for improving global intraseasonal climate prediction. MJO prediction is assessed in the NOAA Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2) based on its hindcasts initialized daily for 1999–2010. The analysis focuses on MJO indices taken as the principal components of the two leading EOFs of combined 15°S–15°N average of 200-hPa zonal wind, 850-hPa zonal wind and outgoing longwave radiation at the top of the atmosphere. The CFSv2 has useful MJO prediction skill out to 20 days at which the bivariate anomaly correlation coefficient (ACC) drops to 0.5 and root-mean-square error (RMSE) increases to the level of the prediction with climatology. The prediction skill also shows a seasonal variation with the lowest ACC during the boreal summer and highest ACC during boreal winter. The prediction skills are evaluated according to the target as well as initial phases. Within the lead time of 10 days the ACC is generally greater than 0.8 and RMSE is less than 1 for all initial and target phases. At longer lead time, the model shows lower skills for predicting enhanced convection over the Maritime Continent and from the eastern Pacific to western Indian Ocean. The prediction skills are relatively higher for target phases when enhanced convection is in the central Indian Ocean and the central Pacific. While the MJO prediction skills are improved in CFSv2 compared to its previous version, systematic errors still exist in the CFSv2 in the maintenance and propagation of the MJO including (1) the MJO amplitude in the CFSv2 drops dramatically at the beginning of the prediction and remains weaker than the observed during the target period and (2) the propagation in the CFSv2 is too slow. Reducing these errors will be necessary for further improvement of the MJO prediction. 相似文献
13.
Hindcast Experiment of Extraseasonal Short-Term Summer Climate Prediction over China with RegCM3_IAP9L-AGCM 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 
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下载免费PDF全文 The regional climate model RegCM3 has been one-way nested into IAP9L-AGCM,the nine-level atmospheric general circulation model of the Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,to perform a 20-yr(1982-2001)hindcast experiment on extraseaonal short-term prediction of China summer climate.The nested prediction system is referred to as RegCM3_IAP9L-AGCM in this paper.The results show that hindcasted climate fields such as 500-hPa geopotential height,200-and 850-hPa zonal winds from RegCM3_IAP9L-AGCM have positive anomaly correlation coefficients (ACCs) with the observations,andare better than those from the stand-alone IAP9L-AGCM.Except for the 850-hPa wind field,the positive ACCs of the other two fields with observations both pass the 90% confidence level and display a zonal distribution.The results indicate that the positive correlation of summer precipitation anomaly percentage between the nested prediction system and observations covers most parts of China except for downstream of the Yangtze River and north of Northeast and Northwest China.The nested prediction system and the IAP9L-AGCM exhibit different hindcast skills over different regions of China,and the former demonstrates a higher skill over South China than the latter in predicting the summer precipitation. 相似文献
14.
Daily output from the hindcasts by the NCEP Climate Forecast System version 2(CFSv2) is analyzed to understand CFSv2's skill in forecasting wintertime atmospheric blocking in the Northern Hemisphere.Prediction skills of sector blocking,sector-blocking episodes,and blocking onset/decay are assessed with a focus on the Euro-Atlantic sector(20°W-45°E) and the Pacific sector(160°E-135°W).Features of associated circulation and climate patterns are also examined.The CFSv2 well captures the observed features of longitudinal distribution of blocking activity,but underestimates blocking frequency and intensity and shows a decreasing trend in blocking frequency with increasing forecast lead time.Within 14-day lead time,the Euro-Atlantic sector blocking receives a higher skill than the Pacific sector blocking.Skillful forecast(taking the hit rate of 50%as a criterion) can be obtained up to 9 days in the Euro-Atlantic sector,which is slightly longer than that in the Pacific sector(7 days).The forecast skill of sector-blocking episodes is slightly lower than that of sector blocking in both sectors,and it is slightly higher in the Euro-Atlantic sector than in the Pacific sector.Compared to block onset,the skill for block decay is lower in the Euro-Atlantic sector,slightly higher in the Pacific sector during the early three days but lower after three days in lead time.In both the Euro-Atlantic and the Pacific sectors,a local dipole pattern in 500-hPa geopotential height associated with blocking is well presented in the CFSv2 prediction,but the wave-train like pattern that is far away from the blocking sector can only maintain in the forecast of relative short lead time.The CFSv2 well reproduces the observed characteristics of local temperature and precipitation anomalies associated with blocking. 相似文献
15.
June-Yi Lee Bin Wang Q. Ding K.-J. Ha J.-B. Ahn A. Kumar B. Stern O. Alves 《Climate Dynamics》2011,37(5-6):1189-1203
The retrospective forecast skill of three coupled climate models (NCEP CFS, GFDL CM2.1, and CAWCR POAMA 1.5) and their multi-model ensemble (MME) is evaluated, focusing on the Northern Hemisphere (NH) summer upper-tropospheric circulation along with surface temperature and precipitation for the 25-year period of 1981–2005. The seasonal prediction skill for the NH 200-hPa geopotential height basically comes from the coupled models’ ability in predicting the first two empirical orthogonal function (EOF) modes of interannual variability, because the models cannot replicate the residual higher modes. The first two leading EOF modes of the summer 200-hPa circulation account for about 84% (35.4%) of the total variability over the NH tropics (extratropics) and offer a hint of realizable potential predictability. The MME is able to predict both spatial and temporal characteristics of the first EOF mode (EOF1) even at a 5-month lead (January initial condition) with a pattern correlation coefficient (PCC) skill of 0.96 and a temporal correlation coefficient (TCC) skill of 0.62. This long-lead predictability of the EOF1 comes mainly from the prolonged impacts of El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) as the EOF1 tends to occur during the summer after the mature phase of ENSO. The second EOF mode (EOF2), on the other hand, is related to the developing ENSO and also the interdecadal variability of the sea surface temperature over the North Pacific and North Atlantic Ocean. The MME also captures the EOF2 at a 5-month lead with a PCC skill of 0.87 and a TCC skill of 0.67, but these skills are mainly obtained from the zonally symmetric component of the EOF2, not the prominent wavelike structure, the so-called circumglobal teleconnection (CGT) pattern. In both observation and the 1-month lead MME prediction, the first two leading modes are accompanied by significant rainfall and surface air temperature anomalies in the continental regions of the NH extratropics. The MME’s success in predicting the EOF1 (EOF2) is likely to lead to a better prediction of JJA precipitation anomalies over East Asia and the North Pacific (central and southern Europe and western North America). 相似文献
16.
利用美国环境预报中心的第二代气候预报系统(NCEP CFSv2)提供的1982~2010年历史回报资料和2015年6~8月预报产品、NCEP CFSR再分析资料及中国地面观测降水资料,评估了NCEP CFSv2对2015年(厄尔尼诺发展年)中国夏季月降水和环流形势的预报能力,并分析了影响模式预报技巧高低的可能因子。结果表明:1)模式对降水的预报技巧较低且表现出明显的月变化(7月最高,8月次之,6月最低),但总体水平都不高。预报技巧明显依赖于提前时间的长短。2)CFSv2对影响我国夏季降水的500h Pa关键区环流异常空间模态表现出较高的预报技巧。对全东亚区域,模式基本都可提前5~9天(7月9天,6月6天,8月5天)较为准确的预报出未来一个月高度异常空间模态。3)通过对比分析发现,CFSv2环流预报中选取12个集合成员(滑动3天)可以得到较稳定的预报结果。4)在2015年夏季月尺度环流异常模态预报中,东亚全区的环流预报水平很大程度上取决于中高纬地区的预报。CFSv2对中高纬环流月预报技巧(6~8月都能从提前4天开始就基本稳定维持在较高水平)比热带地区更高更稳定。 相似文献
17.
CFSv2模式产品在汛期海南热带气旋频数预测模型中的应用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用1982—2014年汛期影响海南的热带气旋频数、NCEP/NCAR逐月再分析资料和CFSv2模式历史回报数据,分析了热带气旋频数特征及同期环流特征,并利用逐步回归构建基于模式有效预测信息的热带气旋频数预测模型。结果表明:汛期影响海南热带气旋频数的异常与同期大尺度环流变化密切相关,且CFSv2模式对其环流影响关键区具有较好的预测技巧,包括南海到热带太平洋的海平面气压、500 h Pa位势高度场、低层风及热带太平洋纬向风切变。据此,利用逐步回归构建热带气旋频数预测模型,其26 a交叉检验中实况与预测相关为0.88,距平同号率达88%;6 a预测试验仅2 a预测与观测反号,可见模型具有良好的稳定性和预测技巧,可为汛期热带气旋频数预测提供依据。 相似文献
18.
为了提供有价值且可靠的概率(或者不确定性)预报,最新的全球集合预报系统已在美国国家环境预报中心日常业务运行,以满足社会需求。通过对各个关键要素的概率预报统计检验,可为广大用户提供这些概率预报的信心指数。但是预报(或集合预报)能力不仅取决于我们使用的预测要素,而且与时间和空间分辨率,极端事件或者高影响天气,以及预报时效有关。以大尺度天气系统预报为例,通常选择北半球500 hPa位势高度距平相关指数或概率指数表征模式的预报能力。如参照北半球500 hPa位势高度的距平相关指数(60%AC)或概率预报技巧指数(25%CRPSS),美国全球集合预报系统能够提供大约10 d的技巧预报。从全球集合预报系统输出的各预报要素,满足不同时空尺度需求的角度进行讨论,其可预报性(或预报极限)能够为模式研发人员、一线预报员和用户提供参考。尤其是对大气可预报性的深入研究,对于从科学与技术角度全面提升数值预报系统水平非常重要。当能够确定可预报性(或是预报误差)的真实来源时,科学家(包括模式研发人员)就能够有针对性地修改与完善。将传统的可预报性研究与改进的能够更客观地表述预报不确定性的集合预报相结合,所得可预报性将提供另一种有价值的参考。可预报性研究总体表明,全球集合预报系统对行星波、大尺度和天气尺度的系统(或者过程)可能分别具备约15、12、10 d的预报能力。对于热带天气过程的预报,如果进一步改善模式偏差和物理参数化过程,其MJO(Madden-Julian Oscillation)预报技巧可以延长至32.5 d。 相似文献