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1.
《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2017,(1)
阜康葡萄双层覆膜防寒越冬实验结果表明:丰雪年雪被保温效果明显,双膜内平均气温升高11.3℃,双膜内最低温度在1.74.5℃间;枯雪年双膜内平均气温上升83℃,双膜内最低温度在0.39.2℃之间,葡萄可安全越冬。双膜内20 cm处最低温度在丰雪年升温15.0℃,在枯雪年升温14.2℃。影响双膜内温度的主要因子为外界的平均气温、最高气温、最低气温及日照时数等。经分析,选用透光性好的覆盖物促使膜内地温快速回升,揭膜日期提前可避免春季的高温热害。根据天气变化灵活掌握揭膜和覆膜时间可有效避免葡萄遭受倒春寒危害。 相似文献
2.
膜内5cm地温稳定通过10-12℃即可播种为棉花适宜播种温度指标,找出地膜内5cm地温与气温的定量关系并进行地温预报,同时确定对应的日平均气温的稳定界限指标值,就成为开展棉花适宜播种期预报的关键所在。以石河子绿洲覆膜栽培棉区为研究对象,分析了2008-2014年棉区春播期膜内5cm地温、气温的变化趋势以及气温与覆膜内、外地温的关系,并建立了膜内5cm地温预报模型。结果表明：近年来石河子棉区春播期内气温和膜内外5cm地温变化趋势一致,均有所上升,且膜内5cm地温显著高于膜外地温和日平均气温。棉田覆膜内外5cm地温与气温之间显著相关（P≤0.01）,石河子棉田覆膜内5 cm地温稳定通过10-12℃时,对应的日平均气温界限范围为6.3-8.2℃;利用逐日气温建立膜内5cm地温预报模型,回代检验绝对误差平均为1.01℃,2014和2015年预报检验绝对误差分别为0.5、0.7℃。预报模型可为更好地开展棉花播种期气象服务提供参考依据 相似文献
3.
人参和西洋参冬季需要覆盖防寒才能安全越冬,覆盖时间和揭膜时间对安全越冬及出苗影响很大,为确定最佳防寒覆盖时间和揭膜时间,2021年11月—2022年6月在吉林省抚松县开展分期覆盖和分期揭膜试验,研究不同覆盖时间和揭膜时间对人参和西洋参越冬期地温及出苗影响。结果表明:人参和西洋参出苗率随着覆盖时间推迟而下降。5 cm地温降至0℃时覆盖防寒,人参和西洋参出苗率最高,是最佳覆盖防寒期;5 cm地温降至-12℃以下覆盖西洋参大部或全部冻死;5 cm地温瞬时低至-14℃时人参出苗率仍达75%;5 cm地温在-14～-8℃之间波动,极端最低为-16℃的裸地人参全部被冻死。人参出苗时5～20 cm地温约为8～9℃,西洋参略高于人参。用高绝热纤维被覆盖防寒,揭膜越晚地温越低,出苗越晚,揭膜时间影响出苗进度,与最终出苗率相关不明显;最佳揭膜时间需根据地形具体分析,早春常发生霜冻地块可结合气候预测,通过揭膜时间控制出苗进度避免春季冻害的发生。 相似文献
4.
１９９０～１９９３年在渭北陇东黄土高原布置了晚播回荐麦一膜两用的田间试验,分析试验结果得：晚播回荐小麦覆膜,增温保墒效应明显,可提高地温２～４℃,节水３０ｍｍ以上,促进了作物早发,保证了小麦安全越冬,比单作回荐麦增产５３．０％,小麦返青揭膜覆于相邻作物带,做到一膜两用,集水调水效应显著,协调了不同作物需水的供需平衡,带田总产８２１２．５～９１２５．０ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２,比单作增产４５％～１６６％。 相似文献
5.
由温度论陕西地膜冬小麦种植适宜区北界 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
选取可以代表从渭北旱塬至陕北北部顺次过渡的 6个站点 ,采用线性回归方程拟合了代表站点的地温与气温之间的关系 ,以此为依据 ,推算出地膜覆盖增加的地温相当于气温拟增加量 ;采用覆膜后 ,各站点累计负积温拟减少 1 2 2～2 1 0℃ d ,极端最低温度平均拟升高 1 8℃计 ,最后再根据小麦安全越冬所能忍受的最大负积温为 4 0 0℃ d及极端最低温度为 -1 8℃ ,区划出地膜覆盖后小麦适宜种植北界。 相似文献
6.
黄土高原旱作区晚播回茬麦一膜两用带田增产效应分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
1990～ 1 993年在渭北陇东黄土高原布置了晚播回茬麦一膜两用的田间试验 ,分析试验结果得 :晚播回茬小麦覆膜 ,增温保墒效应明显 ,可提高地温 2～ 4℃ ,节水 3 0 mm以上 ,促进了作物早发 ,保证了小麦安全越冬 ,比单作回茬麦增产 53 .0 %。小麦返青揭膜覆于相邻作物带 ,做到一膜两用 ,集水调水效应显著 ,协调了不同作物需水的供需平衡 ,带田总产 82 1 2 .5～ 91 2 5.0 kg/hm2 ,比单作增产 4 5%～ 1 66%。 相似文献
7.
通过在石河子垦区2个年度开展的草帘膜覆盖法、纸箱塑料膜覆盖法、玉米杆覆土覆盖法等保护蟠桃越冬的对比试验,分析不同覆盖方法覆盖物内外温、湿度资料与冻害发生状况,初步得到：覆盖后蟠桃树周边所处的极端最低温度要高于-22℃~-24℃,相对湿度保持在70~90%才能较好地保证蟠桃树安全越冬。玉米杆覆土覆盖法是三种方法中保证蟠桃越冬效果最好,但又是花费最高的方法。 相似文献
8.
目前,在使用整编资料或其它资料分析极端最低温度时,往往用全年极端最低温度进行统计分析。笔者认为,全年极端最低温度只是表示了年度内的极端最低值,而在分析各地越冬期间的极端最低温度时,如求取其多年平均值或80%保证率值,以及各级极端最低温度可能出现频率等,它并不能确切地表示越冬期间这些指标的真正含义。举杭州例,1974—1975年的冬季是一个暖冬,其极端最低气温为-1.8℃,但在该温度出现的年度里,极端最低气温却为-4.8℃;而1967—1968年的冬季,极端最低气温为-6.5℃,但1968年的最低气温是- 相似文献
9.
葡萄冻害严重影响着我国北方葡萄的正常生产和品质,采取适宜的越冬防寒技术是确保葡萄产业健康发展的关键。通过查阅我国北方地区有关葡萄防寒越冬的相关方法和技术,以葡萄冻害入手,分别从覆盖保温被、保温膜、草帘等保温材料,埋土覆盖越冬防寒措施以及积雪覆盖的保温作用等多方面,分析对比了各防寒越冬技术的材料、原理、效果及优缺点。提出了以下建议:(1)葡萄安全越冬应采取因地制宜的措施,对于葡萄本身来说应采用综合的葡萄抗寒性锻炼,提高葡萄抗寒能力。(2)在探索不同地区切实有效、经济实惠的防寒越冬措施时,需要充分注重细节;不同覆膜技术和埋土技术应因地制宜,选择适合的安全越冬方式;在温度不是太寒冷的地区可采用机械埋土技术。(3)应该继续开发机械覆膜技术,以节约经济和劳力投入。(4)基于双层膜技术的保温效果及经济投入状况,以及自身在环保、耐磨以及人力投入较大等自身不足等特点,建议选择双层膜环保耐磨新材料,结合机械化覆膜新技术,在寒冷且风沙强烈的地区加以大力推广,这可能是未来葡萄防寒越冬措施的发展趋势。 相似文献
10.
周正立 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》1986,(6)
1986年4月25日至26日,哈密市内出现了重霜冻,气象台所在地最低气温达-1.2℃,地面0厘米最低温度达-7.9℃;红星二场气象哨测得最低气温-5.3℃,地面0厘米最低温度达-11.0℃.市郊已出土的瓜苗、蔬菜苗、棉花苗、苹果、梨、葡萄等都受到 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
13.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
19.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献