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1.
GPS折射率资料在梅雨锋暴雨数值模拟中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用WRF三维变分同化系统同化GPS掩星折射率资料,并应用到2007年7月4—6日梅雨锋暴雨个例中进行数值模拟试验,以此考察GPS掩星折射率资料在梅雨锋暴雨数值模拟中的应用。同化结果表明：GPS掩星折射率资料对初始资料的调整主要是中低层湿度场,对于温度场和高度场的调整都是从底层到高层逐渐增大;加入GPS掩星折射率资料对降水预报有所改进,这与中低层湿度场的初始调整有关系;从对模拟结果进行诊断和结构分析中可以发现负散度增量和正涡度增量与降水中心和区域有很好的对应,同化资料之后对于各降水中心地区增强了产生降水的动力条件。 相似文献
2.
利用WRF-3DVAR系统同化GPS地基可降水量资料和空基掩星探测资料,对2011年6月14日我国夏季江淮流域暴雨天气过程进行数值模拟试验,对比分析可降水量和掩星折射率资料在暴雨天气数值模拟中的影响。结果表明:可降水量和掩星探测对底层水汽都有明显改善,可降水量对水汽的改善更为显著,比掩星同化平均高一个量级,改进了暴雨的强度和暴雨的影响范围;掩星折射率资料的同化通过改善强对流区域的风场和温度场,从而改进暴雨的降水落区;GPS可降水量和折射率资料的同时同化,一定程度上弥补了可降水量探测站点分布的不足和掩星折射率资料稀疏,对暴雨的强度、范围和落区预报都有很好的提高,两者可以很好地相互补充。 相似文献
3.
利用WRF三维变分同化系统,同化GPS掩星折射率资料,对2012年4月30日的强对流天气进行同化试验,分析同化折射率资料对于我国春季大范围强对流天气模拟的影响。结果表明:通过同化GPS掩星观测资料,可以明显调整和改善分析场的风、温度和湿度,其中,温度场的调整集中在我国北方地区850hPa以上的高度层;水汽的调整以中低层大气负的调整为主,最大可达-0.89g/kg;中纬度地区的高层风场都有明显的改善。青藏高原以风场调整为主,增加了西北风的分量,温度场也有改善。从模式结果对比发现,同化GPS掩星折射率资料,对高原稀疏的云团以及锋面云系有更好地描述;由于较准确地描述了低层的风场信息,模式对成都双流机场区域的小时降水量模拟也有较好效果。 相似文献
4.
掩星弯角资料同化在一次暴雨过程中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
使用GPS掩星弯角资料和NCEP预报场资料,采用GSI(Grid-point Statistical Interpolation)变分同化系统,对同化掩星弯角资料前后的分析场以及数值预报结果进行详细比较,分析了弯角资料同化对2012年7月21日北京特大暴雨预报结果的影响。结果表明,同化掩星弯角资料对初始场中的温度、湿度产生明显影响,500 hPa和700 hPa温度调整中心量值达到0.5℃和-0.6℃,700 hPa湿度调整中心最大量值达-0.14 kg·kg-1;同化过程改变了强降水发生前流场结构,明显提高了强降水中心位置、雨带走向及范围、降水强度的预报准确性;由降水TS评分可知,200 mm以上大暴雨模拟改善效果明显,但对弱降水预报效果较差。 相似文献
5.
本文基于T799L91全球数值天气预报模式及其四维变分同化系统,构建了云海-2掩星探测资料的同化流程,并以2019年7月开展了为期一个月的云海-2掩星探测资料同化预报试验。对东亚区域、北半球和南半球的同化预报结果评估表明:在全球数值天气预报模式中,同化云海-2掩星探测资料能够有效提高预报场的准确性,提高的幅度随着预报时效和预报日数的增加逐渐增大;在更长时效的72 h、120 h、168 h预报中,云海-2掩星探测资料与GPS（Global Positioning System）掩星探测资料的同化效果在中前期相当,在中后期,同化云海-2掩星探测资料逐渐优于GPS掩星探测资料;随着预报日数的增加,联合同化云海-2掩星探测资料和GPS掩星探测资料的优势逐步显现。 相似文献
6.
为了探索全球定位卫星观测系统无线电掩星技术(Global Positioning System/Radio Occulta-tion,简称GPSRO)在业务数值预报模式中的应用效果,以美国NCEP(National Centers for Environ-mental Prediction)业务同化系统为平台,对有/无COSMIC(Constellation Observing System for Meteor-ology,Ionosphere and Climate)GPS无线电掩星观测资料进行了一次降水过程的详细的同化对比试验。试验中GPSRO观测算子主要采用了相对简单但计算省时的局地(Local)同化技术。该个例试验表明:COSMICGPS掩星观测对分析影响较大的地区是常规观测资料较稀缺地区(如洋面),因此在这些地区GPSRO资料可以被看作是对常规观测很好的补充。同时还注意到COSMIC GPS RO资料在对流层下层对湿度场分析和预报的影响显著,在对流层中上层对风场分析也产生正面影响。这证实GPS RO资料在业务数值天气预报中应用的有效性,为我国数值预报未来开展业务GPS掩星观测资料同化提供了有益的科学参考依据。 相似文献
7.
直接同化卫星辐射率资料在暴雨预报中的应用研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
为了考察T213-SSI同化全球ATOVS卫星辐射率微波资料在极端暴雨事件预报中的应用效果和能力,评估和分析卫星资料的应用对极端暴雨事件预报效果的影响,利用T213-SSI准业务同化系统,对2007年7月16-19日的川渝地区暴雨过程进行了模拟分析.此次暴雨过程致灾严重,同时是一次预报难度很大的、西风带系统调整下的转折性天气过程,非常值得研究.共开展了3组模拟试验:第一组试验只同化常规资料;第二组试验连续同化10天常规资料和卫星微波资料,第三组试验只同化一个时次、分别使用常规资料和不同波段微波资料(AMSUA和AMSUB).结果表明:(1)仅同化一次卫星资料的暴雨预报不及连续同化10天卫星资料的效果好,说明卫星资料的使用需要有较长时间的累积才能产生较好效果;(2)卫星资料的长期使用可以改进大尺度环境场,使得暴雨天气过程的直接影响系统更接近实际;(3)AMSUA资料对温度场的调整有较大贡献,AMSUB资料对湿度场也有较为明显的影响. 相似文献
8.
《气象与环境学报》2017,(2)
利用2014年5月10日08时和5月24日08时的中国GPS(Global Positioning System)可降水量资料、地面气象观测资料及探空资料,基于WRF(Weather Research Forecast)模式及其三维变分同化系统对安徽地区2014年5月10日区域性暴雨过程和5月24日局地性暴雨过程进行了同化研究。结果表明:同化GPS水汽资料能较好地改善WRF模式的湿度场,对风场的调整较小;同化探空资料和地面常规气象观测资料可以同时调整湿度场与风场,但对湿度场的改善效果明显不如同化GPS水汽资料。仅同化GPS可降水资料,可以改进暴雨落区和强度的WRF模式模拟预报效果;而同化探空资料和地面常规气象观测资料对暴雨落区与强度预报的改进效果低于仅同化GPS水汽资料;同时同化地面常规气象观测资料、探空资料和GPS可降水资料对暴雨强度与落区的预报效果改进明显,与实况更接近,暴雨预报的TS评分更高,空报率更低。 相似文献
9.
GPS掩星资料(GPSRO)业务同化的正效果已经在多个国家的数值预报中心得到证实,但在新疆数值预报业务中尚未应用。为验证GPSRO同化对天山暴雪预报的影响,本文以GFS数据为背景场,用WRFDA同化了GPS掩星事件反演的折射率和温湿廓线,评估了其对2014年12月07日08时到09日08时的天山暴雪过程预报效果的影响,对比分析了两者同化产生的影响半径。研究发现,GPS掩星温湿廓线和折射率同化对此次天山暴雪过程预报均有正效果,改善幅度前者劣于后者。同化后风场U、V分量沿风向方向的影响半径均大于垂直风向方向,其增量极值中心位置向下风方向偏移。温度、湿度场的分析增量分布均接近各向同性,增量极值中心位置与掩星事件位置相对应。同化后温度分析均以增暖为主,湿度分析以增湿为主,气压分析以减压为主。温湿廓线同化产生的资料影响半径平均大于折射率同化产生的影响半径。并且,在任何网格点,无论是温度场还是比湿场,温湿廓线同化产生的分析差的绝对值大于折射率同化。温湿廓线与折射率同化后风场的分析增量整体上均随着高度的增加先减后增,温度场分析增量整体上随高度升高而增大,气压分析增量随高度升高单调递增, 比湿分析增量绝对值的大值区主要集中在500hPa以下的低空,其最大值位于700hPa附近。 相似文献
10.
利用LAPS系统同化地基GPS水汽资料的应用研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
介绍了武汉暴雨研究所引进的LAPS系统(Local Analysis and Prediction System)在水汽分析中应用GPS水汽资料的方法。设计三种试验方案与实况进行对比分析,并结合WRF模式模拟,研究GPS水汽资料在LAPS系统中的作用以及对预报的影响。结果表明,LAPS同化GPS水汽资料后,对湿度场产生较大调整;对比各方案LAPS输出的可降水量后发现,GPS水汽资料的作用比雷达资料大一个量级;从模式模拟试验结果比较看出,LAPS对GPS水汽的同化能改善GPS测站分布区域降水预报,并对下游暴雨的预报也有正效果,能提高暴雨量级的Ts降水评分。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
13.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
14.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
15.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(4):227
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. 相似文献
17.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
18.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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20.
《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献