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微下击暴流的特征及其数值模似 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
文中概述了微下击暴流的特征 ,研究了 1 997年 7月 2 2日发生在北京地区的一个湿型微下击暴流的多普勒速度场结构 ;使用非静力全弹性中 -γ尺度模式 ,模拟了这个湿型微下击暴流线的主要结构和演变过程 ,与雷达实测结果吻合较好。结果表明 :在背景场为高温、高湿、垂直风速切变小的环境条件下 ,下沉气流的发展并非完全由蒸发、融化降温所产生的负浮力所支配 ,恰恰相反 ,降水拖曳力起主导作用 ;在不同的环境条件下 ,下沉气流发展的云物理过程可以有较大的差异。 相似文献
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武汉"6·22"空难下击暴流的三维数值模拟研究 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8
使用武汉实测探空资料,利用三维强风暴冰雹分档模式对2000年6月22日发生在武汉的一次引起坠机事件的下击暴流进行了模拟和分析,并与实际观测进行了比较研究,结果表明:造成此次空难的下击暴流的发生发展与大的天气背景紧密相关;模拟微下击暴流的各种主要结构和生消演变特征与实测结果吻合较好;该下击暴流产生的直接原因是冰雹的重力拖曳作用引起,其次是冰雹的融化和雨水蒸发的冷却作用.空中散度和涡度的分布与变化同下击暴流也存在密切的联系. 相似文献
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下击暴流是一种局地灾害性天气现象,对航空飞行安全有极大危害,也会对地面物体造成严重损害。依据下击暴流发生前母体雷暴(下文简称雷暴)反射率因子核迅速下降的特征,基于雷达体扫数据,定义了判断下击暴流发生、发展的“单位面积等效势能”概念,并结合下击暴流期间雷暴速度场中层辐合的事实,设计得到了下击暴流出流强度公式。结果表明:(1)单位面积等效势能值的变化准确反映了雷暴强中心高度变化。(2)相邻体扫的单位面积等效势能差,反映了雷暴能量的释放量,下击暴流发生前1—2个体扫的单位面积等效势能差达到最大,这反映了下击暴流的爆发;可通过设置单位面积等效势能的释放量为30%,预警下击暴流的发生。(3)单位面积等效势能的释放能够提前6—12 min预警出下击暴流的发生,并通过出流强度公式量化由下击暴流产生的地面大风值。预警风速的误差由雷暴距雷达的距离决定,距离越近风速误差越小,反之亦然。(4)对6次下击暴流预警结果表明,该指标能够准确预警下击暴流的发生,而出流强度受雷暴识别参数的影响较大,远距离误差较大。 相似文献
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下击暴流是一种局地灾害性天气现象,对航空飞行安全有极大危害,也会对地面物体造成严重损害。依据下击暴流发生前母体雷暴(下文简称雷暴)反射率因子核迅速下降的特征,基于雷达体扫数据,定义了判断下击暴流发生、发展的"单位面积等效势能"概念,并结合下击暴流期间雷暴速度场中层辐合的事实,设计得到了下击暴流出流强度公式。结果表明:(1)单位面积等效势能值的变化准确反映了雷暴强中心高度变化。(2)相邻体扫的单位面积等效势能差,反映了雷暴能量的释放量,下击暴流发生前1—2个体扫的单位面积等效势能差达到最大,这反映了下击暴流的爆发;可通过设置单位面积等效势能的释放量为30%,预警下击暴流的发生。(3)单位面积等效势能的释放能够提前6—12 min预警出下击暴流的发生,并通过出流强度公式量化由下击暴流产生的地面大风值。预警风速的误差由雷暴距雷达的距离决定,距离越近风速误差越小,反之亦然。(4)对6次下击暴流预警结果表明,该指标能够准确预警下击暴流的发生,而出流强度受雷暴识别参数的影响较大,远距离误差较大。 相似文献
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《气象科学进展》2016,(5)
利用常规气象资料、跑道自动观测资料(AWOS)、自动观测站资料和多普勒天气雷达资料等,对武汉天河机场的一次下击暴流天气过程进行了分析。结果表明:1)本次下击暴流发生在副热带高压减弱,西风槽向东移动,地面辐合线相配合的天气背景下;2)下击暴流影响机场期间,具有气压陡升、温度骤降、风向变化和风速突增等气象要素的演变特征;3)阵风锋与雷暴之间距离的变化一定程度上可以预示未来雷暴的强弱;4)本次下击暴流与阵风锋有紧密的联系,阵风锋北移过程中激发出β中尺度对流单体,β中尺度对流单体产生了下击暴流,并且雷达速度图上沿雷达径向的正负大值速度对是下击暴流发生的典型特征之一。 相似文献
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利用灾情调查、常规观测和雷达资料对比分析2018年6月8日佛山南海龙卷和2016年8月18日湛江雷州微下击暴流两次强风天气过程。结果表明:南海龙卷强度为F1级和EF1级,雷州微下击暴流强度为F2级和EF2级,且导致风灾的气流具有多尺度性以及时空尺度小的特征。两次过程均发生在低层辐合、高层辐散和中低层急流汇合有利的环流背景,但龙卷发生在台风环流内部,而微下击暴流发生在台风外围。环境参数表现为弱的条件不稳定、对流抑制能量小和抬升凝结高度低,但龙卷过程的0—1 km风垂直切变较强。导致风灾的风暴单体均伴有中气旋,但形成龙卷的微超级单体具有明显的钩状回波特征,低层存在中等强度中气旋,中气旋尺度较微下击暴流过程的小得多,底高较低,龙卷出现前中气旋底高降低,直径缩小。形成微下击暴流的为一椭圆形的β中尺度风暴单体,低层存在强中气旋,中气旋为辐散性气旋,底高较高,直径逐渐增大,垂直剖面图上存在中层径向速度辐合、强反射率因子核心下降特征。 相似文献
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利用中尺度数值模式WRFV3.6模拟了2017年7月12日宁波机场附近的一次微下击暴流天气过程,结合浙江省自动站资料、机场自动观测数据、多普勒天气雷达资料等分析微下击暴流成因,结果表明：此次微下击暴流是由海风锋触发的强雷雨引起的,机场自动观测数据显示的风、温、压等气象要素的变化均呈现出明显的微下击暴流特征;数值模式较好地模拟出微下击暴流的水平风场结构;拖曳作用、下沉过程中冰雹融化、液态水和雨水持续蒸发降温作用是形成此次下击暴流的重要原因;低层位温扰动加强了垂直运动,中低层位涡异常增大区与雷暴强降水区域有较好对应关系。 相似文献
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李梦婕 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2013,7(6):22-29
应用中尺度气象数值模式WRF模拟再现了2001年8月23日北京时间14时至24日00时发生在北京密云县附近的一次典型强对流风暴天气,重点发掘并分析了密云水库附近一次茁中尺度下击暴流的形成与演变过程。研究表明：（1）WRF模拟结果显示该茁中尺度下击暴流的生命期为1 h左右,水平尺度约为20 km,其水平和垂直流场与下击暴流流场的理论结构基本一致,但辐散气流流速在近地面层未能达到下击暴流定义的18 m/s;（2）模拟的下击暴流环境场中扰动位温、各水成物的比含水量与层结不稳定性以及上升气流的联系紧密,并可推断强下沉气流主要由雨水粒子拖曳作用产生,较大的位温扰动则加强了气流上升运动,迫使暖湿气块更大程度抬升,进一步维持和发展下击暴流系统。 相似文献
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基于多普勒雷达、闪电定位、地面观测资料和现场勘察情况,对2016年5月2日皖西南发生的一次连续下击暴流天气的成因进行分析。结果表明:引起2次微下击暴流的风暴为同一风暴单体,且为超级单体,旺盛阶段的雷达回波表现为钩状分布和倾斜结构;下击暴流产生的初始原因是液态或固态降水粒子下降的拖曳作用,中后期则主要源于热力不稳定、对流层中层的动量下传和补偿性气流作用,伴随的水成物与环境之间的负浮力增大是下击暴流发生的重要原因;对流层中层盛行风向造成的动量下传决定了2次微下击暴流的地面风走向;超级单体风暴具有反射率因子核最高和下降速度最快的特点,反射率因子核高度超过6 km,1个体扫间隔下降3 km左右或以上;当6 min降水达4 mm以上时,是发生下击暴流的征兆之一。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献