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1.
冷空气侵入对启德台风降水的作用分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用常规观测和HLAFS客观分析资料 ,用诊断分析方法对启德台风快速减弱及北上过程中降雨突然增大的原因进行分析 ,结果表明 :启德台风快速减弱是因为来自北部的干冷空气从台风西南象限进入 ,使台风云系消散 ,台风中心南部附近的螺旋云系明显减弱。启德台风北上过程中外围降雨突然增幅是西风槽及其配置的冷空气与台风西北象限发生作用 ,使高空辐散、地面辐合增强的结果。 相似文献
2.
利用FY 4水汽云图、NCEP/FNL资料、自动站资料和ERA Interim海温资料，分析入海增强台风“摩羯”（1814）和入海减弱台风“利奇马”（1909）经过渤海强度变化特征。结论如下：台风“摩羯”中心入海增强过程伴随着中高层冷空气侵入，冷空气深入“摩羯”云系中心，台风强度减弱并逐渐消亡。台风“利奇马”入海前冷空气已经侵入台风中心，台风入海后强度减弱,暖心结构变得不对称，低层有清晰的斜压特征。“摩羯”入海前渤海上空为强辐散区，“利奇马”入海前渤海上空为弱辐合场，北上前进方向出现高空辐散有利于台风加强。台风登陆前垂直风切变与台风强度反位相分布，北上后台风垂直风切变与台风强度同位相分布。“摩羯”入海后水汽通道出现断裂，其入海增强更多依赖于热力条件和动力条件。“利奇马”水汽通量和水汽通量散度源于自身环流的贡献。台风“摩羯”入海后潜热加热率激增，“利奇马”低层维持弱潜热加热直至台风消亡。 相似文献
3.
"海棠"(Haitang)台风降水非对称分布成因初步研究 总被引：1，自引：5，他引：1
2005年第5号台风"海棠"登陆福建省前后所引发的降水呈明显的南北非对称分布特征。逐时MT1R静止气象卫星IR1云图分析揭示,陆地上台风环流云系呈南北非对称分布。浓白色的降水云区主要位于台风北侧,而在此期间,台风南侧云系则相对较暗。在WRF模式成功模拟的基础上,分析模拟的700 hPa高度上相对湿度和垂直上升运动场表明,垂直上升运动场呈现出与降水场相似的南北非对称分布特征,而台风南北两侧空气相对湿度呈均匀分布。进一步改进的湿Q矢量(Q*)以及地形抬升和地表摩擦作用(简称地形因子)分析表明,Q*矢量散度辐合区、地形因子强迫产生的垂直上升速度区都呈南北非对称分布特征。综合考虑指出,"海棠"台风降水分布的南北非对称性,主要由动力因子(Q*矢量(相当于上升运动)、地形抬升与地表摩擦以及垂直上升运动场)引起的,而热力条件(包括相对湿度)是不重要的。 相似文献
4.
台风“达维”不对称结构特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用地面加密观测资料、FY-2E卫星TBB和水汽图像资料、NCEP1°×1°再分析资料综合分析了2012 年第10 号台风“达维”的不对称结构特征及成因。结果表明：台风“达维”登陆后在云系结构、降水落区、高低层风场等都表现出不对称分布,其中暴雨主要分布在台风中心北到东北侧;通过FY-2E水汽图像分析清晰地揭示了这种不对称结构的演变,台风西侧干下沉暗区切断了西南侧水汽输送,使得台风中心西侧和南侧对流云系减弱消失,而东南侧一直存在一水汽羽伸入台风环流为其提供水汽和能量。同时,强高空辐散、弱垂直风切变以及明显的上升运动,有利于台风“达维”北到东北侧对流云系的发展维持,引发强降水;高空槽带来的冷空气侵入台风环流内部,破坏了它的暖心结构,使得台风“达维”在渤海海面填塞消失。 相似文献
5.
不对称环流对台风强度变化的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
利用卫星云图和NCEP再分析风场资料对0207号台风HALONG云系和风场变化特征进行了分析.结果表明,台风云系不对称的结构,台风西侧高空急流向台风中心的移动和辐散是台风迅速减弱的主要原因.为了了解不对称台风环流对台风强度的影响,还对比分析了0417号台风AERE、0216号台风SINLAKU在中国沿海减弱和重新加强的环流特征.在低层流入台风中心南侧的西风分量大,在高层流入台风中心西侧的北风分量小,有利于台风的加强.台风南、北两侧的东西向风场垂直切变梯度差异不利于台风加强.东西向风场垂直切变对台风强度的影响比南北向风场更重要. 相似文献
6.
1513号台风苏迪罗云系演变特征及模拟分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
用GRAPES_Meso模式对2015年13号台风苏迪罗进行了数值模拟,从台风生成发展、成熟和登陆减弱三个阶段对模拟结果与实况资料进行了台风云系时空演变特征的对比分析,结果表明:(1)模式较好地再现了台风苏迪罗从生成发展、成熟,再到登陆减弱至消亡的整个过程,模拟的台风路径与实况吻合较好,台风强度的变化趋势也得到了较好的模拟再现。(2)"苏迪罗"在发展阶段台风眼模糊,模式对台风云系云量总体分布模拟较好,但模拟的云顶高度比实况偏低。(3)在成熟阶段,"苏迪罗"有一明显的漏斗状台风眼,云系发展更加旺盛,台风西部呈双眼壁结构,云顶高度比实况高度偏低。(4)"苏迪罗"登陆后强度迅速减弱,台风眼不再明显,模式对登陆后的"苏迪罗"云系结构模拟效果总体欠佳。(5)总的看来,模式较好地模拟出了"苏迪罗"云系整体范围,在洋面上的模拟效果好于登陆后,改进GRAPES模式的云量方案可能会提高该模式模拟台风云系的能力。 相似文献
7.
2016年超强台风“尼伯特”和“莫兰蒂”的路径极为相似,登陆福建北上途经太湖流域后入海的路径也几乎重合,但太湖流域出现的降水却迥然不同,前者仅造成了太湖流域个别测站的暴雨-大暴雨,后者则出现大范围暴雨-大暴雨。利用常规气象观测资料、多普勒雷达资料、中国气象局的台风最佳数据集及美国国家环境预报中心（NCEP）提供的再分析资料等,对两个台风登陆后的环流背景、台风结构特征等进行了对比分析。结果发现：“莫兰蒂”登陆后的低压环流结构保持良好,北上过程中与外围浅层冷空气的相互作用明显,海上水汽输送通道畅通,台风倒槽导致太湖流域大范围暴雨-大暴雨;“尼伯特”登陆后迅速减弱,环流结构出现“空心化”,水汽输送弱,高层弱冷空气与台风残余低涡的叠加触发局地短时强降水,未能导致太湖流域大范围暴雨。从预报回顾看,模式对登陆台风北上过程中强度预报过强是导致“尼伯特”在太湖流域风雨预报过度的主要原因。3 d以上的中期台风降水预报中,经验概念模型与模式集合预报结果的相互印证,有利于得出比模式确定性降水预报更合理的预报结论。 相似文献
8.
利用常规气象观测资料、T639和EC产品资料及卫星云图,结合梧州多普勒天气雷达回波等资料,对2012年7月24～25日台风“韦森特”造成暴雨的成因进行分析,并对各种模式的预报结果进行对比分析.结果表明:(1)“韦森特”台风是副热带高压南侧的偏SE气流引导下西行影响梧州的,台风结构对称,水汽充足,影响时间较长是产生强降水的主要原因;(2)850hPa水汽通量散度负值较大区是梧州“韦森特”台风暴雨强降水区;(3)EC和T639数值预报产品对“韦森特”台风的路径预报比实况均偏南,但时效越近偏差越少,雨量预报则存在量级偏小问题. 相似文献
9.
《广东气象》2017,(3)
采用2015年7月2—10日欧洲中心(ECMWF)ERA-Interim每日4时次再分析资料、Micaps实况数据和FY2G红外云图数据,分析了1510号台风"莲花"水平结构的演变特征,结果表明:西南暖湿气流、"灿鸿"以及弱冷空气对"莲花"结构演变起着非常重要的作用。其中,西南暖湿水汽的不断卷入增强了"莲花"的强度和台风云系的发展,使其形成紧实密集的螺旋云系和南侧的"尾巴"状云系,水汽辐合区以及能量锋的演变对台风结构的变化有一定的指示意义;"灿鸿"对西南暖湿水汽的截断使得强度较弱的"莲花"成为孤立、结构对称的气旋;弱干冷空气的卷入使得"莲花"近海加强,但由于前期华南地区气温下降,天气较凉爽,不利于大陆上空外围飑线云系的发展,随着"莲花"靠近并登陆汕尾沿海,其云系逐渐调整为"6"字型结构。 相似文献
10.
台风"碧利斯"的结构与江西暴雨诊断分析 总被引：8，自引：6，他引：8
利用T213资料、自动气象站加密资料和常规观测资料等,研究分析了0604号台风“碧利斯“的环流背景、移动路径、内部结构和外围暴雨的分布特征,并将其与0505号台风“海棠“、0513号台风“泰利“、0414号台风“云娜“,进行了对比分析.研究结果表明,台风暴雨与台风环流场、热力场的不对称有关,并不一定总是集中在环流中心附近.无论是对称结构,还是非对称结构,降水中心都与强对流云带位置相对应.“碧利斯“先西北行后向西折的路径,主要是受强大稳定的副热带高压引导,并表现为明显的不对称结构,东侧、南侧的积云对流较为旺盛,降水主要集中在移动路径的第三象限;850 hPa台风环流场表现为南部环流强盛,南海季风为西南急流的稳定维持提供了充沛的水汽条件;局地地形激发深厚的上升运动,进而产生庐山和赣南南部山区的大暴雨天气;垂直运动、散度、涡度、水汽通量、假相当位温等各物理量场,均与外围暴雨区有较好的对应关系. 相似文献
11.
An explicit simulation with a fine mesh at intervals of 6 km is used to explore the inner-core
structures of Vongfong (0214). The dynamic mechanism for the inshore strengthening of Vongfong is
examined. It is found as follows. (1) The radius of maximum wind of the axisymmetric structures of the
typhoon decreased with height during its mature stage. When Vongfong was inshore, the strongest
low-layer inflow located in front of it and the outflow was to the rear of it, which was just reversed from
the Atlantic hurricanes and other Pacific typhoons. (2) The dynamic and thermodynamic fields were highly
asymmetric in structure. Convection was stronger in the northwest quadrant of the typhoon than in the
southeast; the strongest convective cloud bands were consistent with the maximum wind region. During its
strengthening stage, it was cold west of and warm east of the eye in the lower layer but warm in the west
and cold in the east of the mid-upper layer. During its mature stage, a warm-core structure was evident in
the lower and middle-upper layer. (3) The interactions between a mid-latitude cold low in the
middle-upper troposphere and the typhoon were responsible for the latter to strengthen inshore. Firstly, the
outer circulation of the cold low entered the typhoon from the middle troposphere when an outer cold
airflow from the cold low flowed into the northwest quadrant of the typhoon so that geopotentially instable
energy increased and convection developed. Secondly, the downdraft in the cold low was just the
corresponding branch of the secondary circulation of the typhoon system; when the cold low weakened
while moving south, the typhoon strengthened inshore. Due to the CISK mechanism, these two phenomena
might be realized. 相似文献
12.
Xianan Jiang Duane E. Waliser Jui-Lin Li Christopher Woods 《Climate Dynamics》2011,36(11-12):2219-2232
The boreal summer intraseasonal variability (BSISV), which is characterized by pronounced meridional propagation from the equatorial zone to the Indian Continent, exerts significant modulation of the active/break phases of the south Asian monsoon. This form of variability provides a primary source of subseasonal predictive skill of the Asian summer monsoon. Unfortunately, current general circulation models display large deficiencies in representing this variability. The new cloud observations made available by the CloudSat mission provide an unprecedented opportunity to advance our characterization of the BSISV. In this study, the vertical structures of cloud water content and cloud types associated with the BSISV over the Indian Ocean and subcontinent are analyzed based on CloudSat observations from 2006 to 2008. These cloud structures are also compared to their counterparts as derived from ERA-interim reanalysis. A marked vertical tilting structure in cloud water is illustrated during the northward propagation of the BSISV based on both datasets. Increased cloud liquid water content (LWC) tends to appear to the north of the rainfall maximum, while ice water content (IWC) in the upper troposphere slightly lags the convection. This northward shift of increased LWC, which is in accord with local enhanced moisture as previously documented, may play an important role in the northward propagation of the BSISV. The transition in cloud structures associated with BSISV convection is further demonstrated based on CloudSat, with shallow cumuli at the leading edge, followed by the deep convective clouds, and then upper anvil clouds. Some differences in cloud water structures between CloudSat and ERA-interim are also noted, particularly in the amplitudes of IWC and LWC fields. 相似文献
13.
14.
This study investigates the impact of low-frequency (intraseasonal and interannual) steering flows on straight northward-moving (defined as a meridional displacement two times greater than the zonal displacement) typhoons over the western North Pacific using observational data. The year-to-year change in the northward-moving tracks is affected by the interannual change in the location and intensity of the subtropical high. A strengthened northward steering flow east of 120°E and a weakened easterly steering flow south of the subtropical high favor more frequent straight northward tracks. Examining each of the individual northward-moving typhoons shows that they interact with three types of intraseasonal (10–60-day) background flows during their northward journey. The first type is the monsoon gyre pattern, in which the northward-moving typhoon is embedded in a closed cyclonic monsoon gyre circulation. The second type is the wave train pattern, where a cyclonic (anticyclonic) vorticity circulation is located to the west (east) of the northward-moving typhoon center. The third type is the mid-latitude trough pattern, in which the northward-moving typhoon center is located in the maximum vorticity region of the trough. 相似文献
15.
A study of vertical cloud structure of the Indian summer monsoon using CloudSat data 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
M. Rajeevan P. Rohini K. Niranjan Kumar J. Srinivasan C. K. Unnikrishnan 《Climate Dynamics》2013,40(3-4):637-650
Precise specification of the vertical distribution of cloud optical properties is important to reduce the uncertainty in quantifying the radiative impacts of clouds. The new global observations of vertical profiles of clouds from the CloudSat mission provide opportunities to describe cloud structures and to improve parameterization of clouds in the weather and climate prediction models. In this study, four years (2007–2010) of observations of vertical structure of clouds from the CloudSat cloud profiling radar have been used to document the mean vertical structure of clouds associated with the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) and its intra-seasonal variability. Active and break monsoon spells associated with the intra-seasonal variability of ISM have been identified by an objective criterion. For the present analysis, we considered CloudSat derived column integrated cloud liquid and ice water, and vertically profiles of cloud liquid and ice water content. Over the South Asian monsoon region, deep convective clouds with large vertical extent (up to 14 km) and large values of cloud water and ice content are observed over the north Bay of Bengal. Deep clouds with large ice water content are also observed over north Arabian Sea and adjoining northwest India, along the west coast of India and the south equatorial Indian Ocean. The active monsoon spells are characterized by enhanced deep convection over the Bay of Bengal, west coast of India and northeast Arabian Sea and suppressed convection over the equatorial Indian Ocean. Over the Bay of Bengal, cloud liquid water content and ice water content is enhanced by ~90 and ~200 % respectively during the active spells. An interesting feature associated with the active spell is the vertical tilting structure of positive CLWC and CIWC anomalies over the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, which suggests a pre-conditioning process for the northward propagation of the boreal summer intra-seasonal variability. It is also observed that during the break spells, clouds are not completely suppressed over central India. Instead, clouds with smaller vertical extent (3–5 km) are observed due to the presence of a heat low type of circulation. The present results will be useful for validating the vertical structure of clouds in weather and climate prediction models. 相似文献
16.
该项目在河南、山东、吉林3省建立了层状云人工增雨外场观测作业试验区，研制了层状云数值模式，结合分析得出了层状云人工增雨新的概念模型、相应的催化条件判据和作业指标；研制了催化条件的飞机实时识别技术和地面综合集成识别技术；建立了中尺度层状云系数值模拟预报的实时业务和省级的人工增雨综合技术系统（催化条件综合识别判据、实时监测识别技术、催化指标和作业决策系统等），提出了相应的作业流程。
在鄂西北（十堰市）对流云人工增雨作业试验区进行了大量外场观测和作业试验，用研制的三维对流云催化模式进行实时预报和催化数值试验，初步提出了催化的最佳部位、时机和剂量；开发应用了高成核率火箭；用雷达识别作业条件并建立了指挥作业的技术流程，因而大大减少了作业的盲目性，提高了对流云人工增雨作业的科学性。 相似文献
17.
运用气象卫星资料,研究了西北太平洋上14个台风和强热带风暴的北翘、西折、转向和打转等异常移动,发现:台风中心附近某一方位的中尺度对流活动,造成台风云系的非对称分布和特定的OLR场,导致台风的异常移动;对流活动出现的不同方位和OLR低值区轴向对台风未来的移动有着很好的指示。对路径最复杂的四个台风作了详细分析。 相似文献
18.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION STUDY OF CLOUD INTERACTION AND FORMATION MECHANISM OF HEAVY RAIN IN MIXED CONVECTIVE-STRATIFORM CLOUD 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Hong Yanchao 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1998,12(1):112-128
Using the numerical model of mixed convective-stratiform clouds(MCS)in the paper(Hong1997)and the averaged stratification of torrential rain processes,the evolution processes,interaction of the two kinds of clouds,structure and the precipitation features in the MCS toproduce heavy rain are simulated and studied,and the physical reasons of producing torrential rainare analysed.The results indicate that the stratiform cloud surrounding the convective cloudbecomes weakened and dissipates in the developing and enhancing of the convective cloud,and therainfall rate and water content in the stratiform cloud increase as the distance from the convectivecloud becomes larger.The numerical experiments find out that the stratiform cloud provides abenificial developing environment for the convective cloud,i.e.,the saturated environment and theconvergence field in the stratiform cloud help to lengthen the life cycle of the convective cloud,produce sustained rainfall with high intensity and intermittent precipitation with ultra-highintensity.These and the ice phase microphysical processes are the main factors for the torrentialrain formation and the MCS is a very effective precipitation system. 相似文献
19.
利用FY-2C卫星资料、雷达资料和逐时降水资料及NCAR/NCEP(1°×1°)再分析资料,对2005年9月24-25日河南省出现的层状云降水过程进行了分析。结果表明:影响降水过程的是低槽—切变云系,切变线云系为暖云云系,结构较均匀,低槽云系主体为冷云,云顶亮温不均匀,有低亮温带结构,当东移的低槽云系与北抬的切变线云系叠加后,叠加区上有中小尺度云团活动,促使降水加强。强降水出现在700 hPa、850 hPa切变线之间及500 hPa低槽前部,并与云顶亮温的发展变化趋势表现出相似性;500 hPa槽前、700 hPa切变线北侧的降水,雨强与亮温值的对应关系不确定。这主要是由于低槽云系和切变线云系的叠加部位不仅具有深厚的湿层,而且具有较强的动力抬升和水汽辐合条件;切变线北侧处于低空辐散区且水汽条件较差,自然降水产生的条件不是很好。最后借助于FY-2C卫星资料反演的云物理参数,对低槽—切变云系的增雨潜势进行了简要分析,认为低槽—切变云系上云顶温度较高的部位符合“播云窗”概念,具有很好的增雨潜势,切变线北侧的低槽云系由于云顶温度低、低空水汽不充分,“播撒—供应”机制不能很好地建立,其增雨潜势条件也弱。 相似文献
20.
A two-dimensional cloud model with bin microphysics was used to investigate the effects of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations and thermodynamic conditions on convective cloud and precipitation developments. Two different initial cloud droplet spectra were prescribed based on the total CCN concentrations of maritime (300 cm− 3) and continental (1000 cm− 3) air masses, and the model was run on eight thermodynamic conditions obtained from observational soundings. Six-hourly sounding data and 1-hourly precipitation data from two nearby weather stations in Korea were analyzed for the year 2002 to provide some observational support for the model results.For one small Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) ( 300 J kg− 1) sounding, the maritime and continental differences were incomparably large. The crucial difference was the production of ice phase hydrometeors in the maritime cloud and only water drops in the continental cloud. Ice phase hydrometeors and intrinsically large cloud drops of the maritime cloud eventually lead to significant precipitation. Meanwhile negligible precipitation developed from the continental cloud. For the three other small CAPE soundings, generally weak convective clouds developed but the maritime and continental clouds were of the same phases (both warm or both cold) and their differences were relatively small.Model runs with the four large CAPE ( 3000 J kg− 1) soundings demonstrated that the depth between the freezing level (FL) and the lifting condensation level (LCL) was crucial to determine whether a cloud becomes a cold cloud or not, which in turn was found to be a crucial factor to enhance cloud invigoration with the additional supply of freezing latent heat. For two large CAPE soundings, FL–LCL was so deep that penetration of FL was prohibitive, and precipitation was only mild in the maritime clouds and negligible in the continental clouds. Two other soundings of similarly large CAPE had small FL–LCL, and both the maritime and continental clouds became cold clouds. Precipitation was strong for both but much more so in the maritime clouds, while the maximum updraft velocity and the cloud top were slightly higher in continental clouds. Although limited to small CAPE cases, more precipitation for smaller FL–LCL for a selected group of precipitation and thermodynamic sounding data from Korea was in support of these model results in its tendency.These results clearly demonstrated that the CCN effects on cloud and precipitation developments critically depended on the given thermodynamic conditions and not just the CAPE but the entire structure of the thermodynamic profiles had to be taken into account. 相似文献