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1.
运用IPCC AR4提供的模式预估结果,分析了基于19个站的不同排放情景下21世纪贵州气候变化特征,结果表明:21世纪贵州省将继续变暖、变湿,且人类排放越大,增温增湿的幅度越大。从未来情景气候预估的区域性特征来看,相对于基准期(1981—1999年),2011—2040年,A2(高排放)、A1B(中排放)和B1(低排放)3种排放情景下全省年平均气温偏暖在1℃以下,且省北部地区偏暖程度略大。2041—2070年,3种排放情景下全省年平均气温分别比基准期偏暖1.6~2℃、1.8~2.4℃和1.2~1.8℃,且均表现为省东北部偏暖幅度大、西南部偏暖幅度小的态势。2071—2099年,偏暖态势亦是东北部多、西南部少,3种排放情景下分别比基准期偏暖3℃以上、2.6~3.2℃和1.8~2.2℃。降水方面,前期(2011—2040年)在A2和A1B情景下相对于基准期全省年平均降水以偏少为主,偏少幅度在2%以内,在B1情景下相对于基准期省西北部降水偏少东南部降水偏多,变化幅度基本在1%以内。21世纪中期(2041—2070年)和后期(2071—2099年)在3种排放情景下全省各区域降水相对于基准期均是偏多。其中2041—2070年,3种排放情景下全省年平均降水分别偏多0%~3%,2%~5%和1%~3%,且偏多态势分布在3种情景下均不一致。2071—2099年,降水偏多的态势为南多北少,具体表现为3种排放情景下分别偏多4%以上,3%以上和2%~5%。 相似文献
2.
ENSO与中国夏季年际气候异常关系的年代际变化 总被引：17，自引：6，他引：17
利用热带太平洋海表温度和中国降水和气温站点观测资料,通过滑动相关分析,揭示了ENSO与中国夏季年际气候异常关系的年代际变化事实。结果表明:ENSO与中国夏季年际气候异常的关系既有稳定的方面,又存在年代际变化特征。稳定的关系表现在:处于发展阶段的ENSO事件往往造成华北夏季降水偏少;处于衰减阶段的ENSO事件则易引起长江流域及江南地区夏季降水偏多。而二者关系的年代际变化表现在:1970年代中后期,处于发展阶段的ENSO事件引起的夏季降水异常在华南地区由偏少变为偏多,东北地区则由偏多变为偏少,而江淮地区偏多的现象不再明显,华北和东北夏季气温异常也由偏冷转变为偏暖,而华南则有偏冷趋势;处于衰减阶段的ENSO事件引起的夏季降水异常在华北地区由偏多变为偏少,江淮地区降水由偏少变为正常甚至偏多,华北夏季气温异常则由偏冷变为偏暖,长江流域和华南也有偏暖趋势。利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料合成分析表明,在不同的年代际背景下ENSO引起的东亚中高纬度大气环流异常型发生了明显改变是ENSO和降水气温关系发生年代际变化的原因。 相似文献
3.
近45a黄冈市气温和降水的变化与异常特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用线性倾向率、滑动平均、小波分析、异常分析等方法,对黄冈市45a来（1961～2005年）气温和降水变化事实进行诊断分析,着重分析气温和降水的年际变化、年代际变化等基本气候特征。结果表明,黄冈市年平均气温呈上升趋势,特别是自1980年代后期上升尤为明显,冬、春季增温对该市年平均气温贡献最大;平均气温变化阶段性明显;气温周期性变化明显,平均气温主要有4a和6a年际周期、13a和20a年代际周期;45a中没有出现异常偏冷年,异常偏暖年出现过1次（1998年）;年最高气温呈弱上升趋势,阶段性明显,冷暖交替变化;年最低气温呈明显上升趋势;年降水量呈增多趋势,1980年代为降水峰值期;降水量周期性变化明显,主要有6～7a年际周期、13a年代际周期;45a中降水异常偏多和异常偏少均未出现。 相似文献
4.
利用商洛市7个国家气象站1961—2020年近60 a的日平均气温、月平均气温、月最高气温、月最低气温等资料,选取10种极端气温指数,采用线性趋势分析、Mann-Kendall非参数检验、累积距平法,对商洛平均气温、最高气温、最低气温的年际、年代际、季节变化特征,异常性及极端性进行了分析。结果表明：近60 a来商洛年平均气温、平均最高气温、平均最低气温的年际变化呈上升趋势,其中平均最高气温的线性倾向率最大;除平均最低气温冬季线性倾向率呈下降趋势外,平均最低气温的春季、夏季、秋季和年平均气温、平均最高气温四季变化均呈上升趋势,年平均气温、平均最高气温春季线性倾向率最大,平均最低气温夏季线性倾向率最大;季节气温的年代际变化特点为20世纪60—90年代为相对偏冷期,21世纪为相对偏暖期;通过M-K突变检验和累积距平法得出商洛年平均气温发生了由低温到高温的突变,突变时间在1987—1988年;分析平均气温异常性得出偏暖年份多出现在21世纪之后,偏冷年份多出现在20世纪90年代以前,尤其集中在60年代中期左右,秋季偏暖年份最多,春季偏冷年份最多;近60 a极端最高气温有显著的年际变化,暖夜日数呈增多趋势,冷夜日数呈减少趋势,暖昼日数较冷昼日数增多明显,昼指数变化较夜指数变化明显,热指数呈上升趋势,冷指数呈下降趋势,进一步说明商洛呈增温趋势。 相似文献
5.
浅析近50年新巴尔虎右旗气候变化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
文章利用统计方法分析了近50年（1960--2008年）新巴尔虎右旗气温、降水、湿度和风速的变化特征和规律。得出：新巴尔虎右旗近50年平均气温总趋势是明显上升的,年平均气温各年代逐步递增,年平均最低气温增加幅度大于平均最高气温的增加幅度;年降水变化趋势不明显,20世纪60、70、80年代均小于气候均值,90年代明显偏多,200（02008年明显偏少,各季各年代降水量分布不同;年平均相对湿度2000年以前变化不大,以后有所减小;1960年以来平均风速逐渐减小,1984--2008年连续25年均小于气候均值。 相似文献
6.
1961-2009年三江源地区气候变化特征分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用三江源地区18个气象台站1961—2009年气温、年最高气温、年最低气温、降水量、降水日数等资料,分析了该地区年最高气温、年最低气温、降水量、降水日数等气候要素的变化趋势。研究表明:近49年来三江源年平均气温、年平均最高气温、年平均最低气温均在升高,升高速率平均最低气温明显大于平均气温和平均最高气温,年平均气温的升高主要是由最低平均气温升高引起的;三江源年和四季降水量均呈增多趋势,冬、春季降水量增幅最明显,年降水量变化的空间分布北部增多而东南部减少,年降水量除20世纪70年代—21世纪初均呈增加趋势;年和冬、春季≥0.1mm降水日数增加,而夏秋季降水日数减少;年和冬、夏、秋季潜在蒸散量呈显著性增加趋势,春季变化则不明显;年和四季平均风速均呈显著下降趋势;年和四季日照时数变化不显著。 相似文献
7.
利用1961—2020年降水量数据分析黑龙江省多降水期和少降水期的转折年及不同时期降水差异,得出结论：(1)1961年以来,黑龙江省年降水量经历多—少—多—少—多的演变,1966年以前降水量偏多,1967—1982年偏少,1983—1998年偏多,1999—2011年偏少,2012—2020年偏多。(2)黑龙江省多年平均降水量526.2mm,中部山区偏多,西南部和西北部偏少。多降水期(PM)平均降水量596.6mm,相对基准气候期降水偏多13.4%,偏多区主要在46—48°N之间；少降水期(PL)平均降水量485.8mm,相对基准气候期降水偏少7.7%,主要是西部和中南部偏少。(3)PM1时期黑龙江降水量554.6mm,相对基准气候期偏多5.4%；PM2时期降水量638.6mm,偏多21.4%；PM1时期降水主要多在西南部,PM2时期降水主要多在东北部；PM1时期,冬季和春季降水量却表现出偏少,冬季全省偏少15.3%,春季偏少8.6%；5月中下旬和8月下旬至9月上旬的日降水量PM2时期较PM1时期偏多,7月中旬降水量较PM1时期少。 相似文献
8.
《气象研究与应用》2017,(2)
对天峨县气象站1984-2013年降水量、年平均气温、季节降水、季节平均气温、月平均降水量、月平均气温、极端气温变化特征及不同年代降水、气温特征等进行统计分析。结果表明:天峨县近30a年际降水变化呈下降趋势,年际平均气温呈上升趋势,多年平均降水量为1339.3mm,多年平均气温为20.5℃。各季节、各月降水分布不均,气温呈明显的季节划分,夏季(6-8月)平均降水量最多,占全年平均降水量54%,冬季最少,占全年平均降水量5%,月平均降水量最高峰出现在6月;一年最热的月份是7月,极端最高气温变化不大,极端最低气温呈下降趋势。20世纪80年代中后期降水正常略少,90年代属于丰水期,进入21世纪后,降水量偏少,从20世纪80年代中后期一直到21世纪头十年气温呈上升趋势,第二个十年的头4年呈下降的趋势。 相似文献
9.
热带印度洋偶极子与中国夏季年际气候异常关系的年代际变化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用中国站点观测逐月降水和月平均气温资料以及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,揭示了热带印度洋偶极子(IOD)与中国夏季气候异常关系的年代际变化.结果表明:IOD与中国夏季年际气候异常的关系既有稳定的一面,又存在着年代际变化.较为稳定的关系表现为:IOD与同年夏季长江黄河之间的降水变化存在显著负相关,与四川气温变化存在显著正相关;IOD与次年夏季四川降水存在显著正相关.伴随发生在20世纪70年代末的大尺度环流年代际转型,IOD与中国气候年际异常的联系亦发生变化:IOD正位相年的同年夏季降水异常型,由中国大部分地区偏少变为长江以南(北)偏多(少),气温由西南地区东部偏暖变为长江以南(北)偏冷(暖);次年夏季降水由全国大部分地区偏多变为长江以南(北)偏少(多),气温由全国大部分地区相关不显著变为黄河以南大部分地区显著偏暖.在IOD负位相年,中国夏季气候异常的特征与IOD正位相年相反.在20世纪70年代末的大尺度年代际气候转犁前后,与IOD相关的东亚大气环流异常特征明显不同.在IOD发展阶段,在70年代末以前,印度夏季风和南海季风偏强,副热带高压势力偏弱,导致中国华南大部分地区降水偏少,华北西部以及内蒙古中部等地降水偏多;70年代末以后,东亚大陆中纬度为弱的东风距平,导致新疆北部降水偏少,气温偏高,华南降水偏多.在IOD次年夏季,70年代末以前,华南、河套以及四川等地盛行偏南气流,降水偏多;70年代末以后,南亚高压和西太平洋副高偏西偏强,华南、江南降水偏少. 相似文献
10.
利用国家气候中心完成的RegCM4区域气候模式在RCP4.5和RCP8.5两种排放路径下的气候变化动力降尺度试验结果,在检验模式对基准期(1986—2005年)气温和降水模拟能力基础上,进行华北区域21世纪气候变化预估分析。结果表明:RegCM4对华北区域基准期气温和降水的模拟能力较好。未来21世纪,两种情景下华北区域气温、降水、持续干期(consecutive dry days, CDD)和强降水量(R95p)变化逐渐增大,但变化幅度在高排放的RCP8.5情景下更为显著,其中近期(2021—2035年)、中期(2046—2065年)、远期(2080—2098年)RCP8.5情景下年平均气温分别升高1.77、3.44、5.82℃,年平均降水分别增加8.1%、14%、19.3%,CDD分别减少3、3、12 d, R95p分别增加30.8%、41.9%、69.8%。空间上,未来21世纪华北区域内年、冬季、夏季平均气温将一致升高,夏季升温幅度最大;年、冬季、夏季平均降水整体以增加为主,冬季降水增加幅度最大;CDD以减少为主,但近期和中期在山西和京津冀有所增加,而R95p以增加为主,表明21世纪华北区域干旱事件逐渐减少、极端降水事件不断增加。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
13.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
14.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
15.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(4):227
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. 相似文献
17.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
18.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
19.
20.
《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献