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运用IPCC AR4提供的模式预估结果,分析了基于19个站的不同排放情景下21世纪贵州气候变化特征,结果表明:21世纪贵州省将继续变暖、变湿,且人类排放越大,增温增湿的幅度越大。从未来情景气候预估的区域性特征来看,相对于基准期(1981—1999年),2011—2040年,A2(高排放)、A1B(中排放)和B1(低排放)3种排放情景下全省年平均气温偏暖在1℃以下,且省北部地区偏暖程度略大。2041—2070年,3种排放情景下全省年平均气温分别比基准期偏暖1.6~2℃、1.8~2.4℃和1.2~1.8℃,且均表现为省东北部偏暖幅度大、西南部偏暖幅度小的态势。2071—2099年,偏暖态势亦是东北部多、西南部少,3种排放情景下分别比基准期偏暖3℃以上、2.6~3.2℃和1.8~2.2℃。降水方面,前期(2011—2040年)在A2和A1B情景下相对于基准期全省年平均降水以偏少为主,偏少幅度在2%以内,在B1情景下相对于基准期省西北部降水偏少东南部降水偏多,变化幅度基本在1%以内。21世纪中期(2041—2070年)和后期(2071—2099年)在3种排放情景下全省各区域降水相对于基准期均是偏多。其中2041—2070年,3种排放情景下全省年平均降水分别偏多0%~3%,2%~5%和1%~3%,且偏多态势分布在3种情景下均不一致。2071—2099年,降水偏多的态势为南多北少,具体表现为3种排放情景下分别偏多4%以上,3%以上和2%~5%。 相似文献
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2023年,我国气候主要表现为暖干的特征,全国平均气温10.71℃,较1991—2020年气候平均偏高0.82℃,为1951年以来最暖;全国平均降水量615.0 mm,较常年偏少3.9%,为2012年以来第二少。四季气温均较常年同期偏高,其中夏、秋季分别为历史同期次高和最高;除秋季降水偏多外,其余三季降水均偏少。汛期(5—9月),全国平均降水量较常年同期偏少4.3%,为2012年以来第二少,我国中东部降水总体呈“中间多南北少”的分布。2023年,我国区域性气象干旱多发,西南地区遭遇冬春连旱;春季北方沙尘天气过程偏多;夏季前期,华北和黄淮遭受1961年以来最强高温过程;7月底至8月初,受台风杜苏芮影响,京津冀地区发生历史罕见极端强降水过程,华北地区出现“旱涝急转”;华西秋雨开始早、结束晚、雨量多;1月中旬发生年内最强寒潮过程;秋末冬初冷空气频繁入侵,12月华北和黄淮等地降雪日数偏多、积雪偏深。 相似文献
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辽河流域是中国七大流域之一,长期以来一直存在水资源严重不足的问题。采用1961—2009年辽河流域境内水文、气象观测数据,研究气象、水文要素历史变化特征,并采用同期和滞后相关分析,建立气象要素与水文要素的最优相关关系。结果表明：辽河流域气候变暖明显,增温幅度远高于全球和中国的同期增温幅度;辽河流域降水量增减趋势不明显,总体上为略减少趋势,但存在明显的少—多—少—多—少5个阶段性变化。辽河流域蒸发量为略减少趋势,春季、夏季是蒸发量较大季节。近50 a辽河流域径流量为减少趋势,经历了偏多—偏少—偏多—偏少4个阶段的变化,1996—2009年经历了年径流量最少阶段,平均年径流量仅为16.2亿m3,只达到多年平均径流量的58%、径流量最多年代的32%。一年之中,7月和8月径流量最大,两个月径流量占全年的50%。辽河流域降水量与径流量有较好的相关关系。在年尺度,径流量与铁岭、法库等地区降水量相关系数为0.60;在日尺度,日降水量与降水发生后第2日经流量相关程度最好,在所有等级上两者相关系数为0.70或以上;在日降水量大于等于25 mm等级上,相关系数最高为0.85。 相似文献
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1主要气候特点及重大气候事件2004年黑龙江省主要气候特点:气温显著偏高、降水偏少。全省年平均气温为3.8℃,比常年偏高1.2℃,其中12月气温偏低,4、5、7、8月正常,其它各月气温均偏高,初夏全省出现高温(≥30℃)天气,西南部高温日数为近40a来最多值。全省年平均降水量为445m m,比常年偏少1成左右,其中4月及夏秋各月降水均偏少,冬季各月及春季的3、5月降水偏多到特多。春季黑龙江省东部和北部降水异常偏多、强度大,出现了近10a来最为严重的内涝;初夏降水持续偏少,全省大部分地区出现了初夏干旱,西部发生了草地螟虫害;秋季降水偏少,北部林区发… 相似文献
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1960—2011年5—9月通辽市不同等级降水变化特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
文章基于通辽市1961—2011年9个国家气象站的逐日降水量资料,利用相关分析、线性倾向估计和变差系数等方法对不同等级降水日数进行分析。结果表明:(1)通辽市1961—2011年平均5—9月降雨日数为47.6d,降水量为328.9mm,其空间分布不均,由北向南呈多—少—多的分布特征。(2)中雨和小雨量分别占总降水量的29.7%和29%,但小雨日数最多,占总降水日数的79%;暴雨日数仅占1%,出现最多的站是扎鲁特旗和库伦。(3)各等级降水量与同等级降水日数正相关显著,变化趋势一致。(4)全市总降水日数、小雨和暴雨日数近51a减少趋势显著,中雨和大雨日数变化趋势不明显。1999—2011年各级降水日数均偏少。(5)受小雨日数的影响,全市总降水日数的变化较稳定。而降水强度越强,降水的稳定性越差。 相似文献
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今年秋季,山东天气气候的主要特点,是气温较常年偏低,降水的时空分布极不均匀。秋季主要降水过程分别出现于9月初、10月初和11月上旬后期。其它时段雨水稀少。全省秋季降水量呈东多西少分布。降水量较多的是威海、烟台、潍坊、济宁四市和淄博、枣庄两市的部分县(市、区),9—11月总降水量为200mm左右,较常年偏多4—6成。其中文登降水量最多,达278.2mm,比常年偏多8成以上。降水量较少的是鲁西地区,9—11月总降水量为50—80mm,较常年偏少2—4成。其中以冠县降水最少,仅46.5mm,比常年偏少5成左右(图1)。 相似文献
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针对贵州省年平均降水量,年平均气温,年平均最高气温和年平均最低气温四个特征量,从空间分布上的定性比较,从年际、年代际的时间演变比较以及从泰勒图的定量比较来看,RegCM4模式的模拟效果优于CMIP5模式,因此本研究在RCP4.5排放情景下利用RegCM4模式数据预估未来2018—2050年贵州省年平均降水量,年平均气温,年平均最高气温和年平均最低气温。结果表明:21世纪Ⅰ阶段(2018—2028年)相对于基准期年平均降水在全省大部地区均是偏少的,偏少幅度在8.5%以内,其中贵州省北部地区偏少幅度最大;21世纪Ⅱ阶段(2029—2039年)相对于基准期贵州省中西部降水偏少东部降水偏多,变化幅度基本上在7%以内;21世纪Ⅲ阶段(2040—2050年)相对于基准期贵州省南部和东部降水偏少西北部降水偏多,变化幅度基本上在7.5%以内。贵州省21世纪Ⅰ阶段、Ⅱ阶段、Ⅲ阶段年平均气温、年平均最高气温和年平均最低气温相对于基准期均是偏暖的,偏暖幅度在0.6～1.3℃之间,越到后期,偏暖幅度越大,且空间差异不大。 相似文献
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<正>2013年10—12月,江西省总的气候特点是:气温前高后低,降水前少后多,日照时数偏多。主要天气气候事件有:秋季持续少雨,鄱阳湖水域面积为近10 a同期最小;12月出现同期罕见大范围暴雨。1气候概况1.1气温。10—12月全省平均气温为13.9℃,较常年同期平均偏高0.2℃。其中赣北13.6℃,偏高0.4℃;赣中13.6℃,偏高0.1℃;赣南15.0℃,偏低0.2℃。10—12月全省平均气温分别为20.0、14.5、7.2℃,与常年同期相比,10、11月偏高0.5、0.9℃,12月偏低0.8℃。1.2降水。10—12月全省平均降水量为199.8 mm,较常年同期平均偏多9%。各地降水分布不均,赣北大部偏少,赣中、赣南偏多。10—12月全省平均降水量分别为19.1、94.8、85.9 mm,10月偏少70%、11、12月偏多33%、80%。1.3日照。10—12月全省平均日照时数为485.9 h,较常年 相似文献
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《气象》2021,(4)
2020年,我国全年气候总体表现为暖湿特征。全国平均气温比常年偏高0.7℃,为1951年以来第八高,四季气温均偏高,冬春偏暖显著。全国平均降水量为694.8 mm,比常年偏多10.3%,春季降水偏少,冬、夏、秋三季均偏多。华南前汛期开始和结束均偏早,降水量偏少;西南雨季开始晚、结束早,降水量偏多;梅雨季入梅早、出梅晚,梅雨量偏多,梅雨持续时间和梅雨量均为1961年以来之最;华北雨季、东北雨季和华西秋雨开始和结束均偏晚,降水量偏多。2020年,登陆台风偏少,影响时段和地域集中,灾损偏轻。暴雨洪涝灾害偏重,其他气象灾害,如干旱、强对流、低温冷冻害和雪灾、沙尘暴影响均偏轻。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献