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1.
Yeon-Hee Kim Eun-Hee Jeon Dong-Eon Chang Hee-Sang Lee Jong-Im Park 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences》2010,46(3):287-303
The THORPEX-Pacific Asian Regional Campaign 2008 (T-PARC 2008) was performed during the period of August 1 through October 4, 2008, and mainly focused on the genesis, intensification, recurvature, and extra-tropical transition over the western North Pacific in collaboration with TCS-08 and DOTSTAR. This study investigates the impact of dropsonde observations on the improvement of predictive skills for Typhoon Sinlaku (0813) and Jangmi (0815) during T-PARC 2008. Twelve and six cases were selected for Sinlaku and Jangmi, respectively. The dropsonde data were assimilated by the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF)-Three-Dimensional Variational system (3DVAR), and then the typhoon track was obtained by running a WRF model for up to 72 hours. Consequently, the assimilation of the dropsonde data had positive impacts on the typhoon track forecast and lead to mean track error reductions of 22.5% and 17.0% for Typhoon Sinlaku and Jangmi, respectively. Subsequent experiments were also conducted to determine the sensitivities of storm activity in the horizontal and vertical distributions and the dynamic and thermodynamic variables using the dropsonde data. The results show that sondes released south of storms around the middle troposphere (500～850 hPa) are more effective in improving the track forecast. The dynamic variables mainly affect the storm tracks, while the thermodynamic variables mainly affect the central pressure of the storm. 相似文献
2.
Valuable dropsonde data were obtained from multiple field campaigns targeting tropical cyclones, namely Higos,Nangka, Saudel, and Atsani, over the western North Pacific by the Hong Kong Observatory and Taiwan Central Weather Bureau in 2020. The conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation(CNOP) method has been utilized in real-time to identify the sensitive regions for targeting observations adhering to the procedure of real-time field campaigns for the first time. The observing system experiments... 相似文献
3.
Observation System Experiments for Typhoon Nida (2004) Using the CNOP Method and DOTSTAR Data 
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下载免费PDF全文 CHEN Bo-Yu 《大气和海洋科学快报》2011,4(2):118-123
This study investigated the influence of dropwindsonde observations on typhoon forecasts. The study also evaluated the feasibility of the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP) method as a basis for sensitivity analysis of such forecasts. This sensitivity analysis could furnish guidance in the selection of targeted observations. The study was performed by conducting observation system experiments (OSEs). This research used the fifth-generation Mesoscale Model (MM5), the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, and dropsonde observations of Typhoon Nida at 1200 UTC 17 May 2004. The dropsondes were collected under the operational Dropsonde Observations for Typhoon Surveillance near the Taiwan Region (DOTSTAR) program. In this research, five kinds of experiments were designed and conducted:(1) no observations were assimilated; (2) all observations were assimilated;(3) observations in the sensitive area revealed by the CNOP method were assimilated;(4) the same as in (3), but for the region revealed by the first singular vector (FSV) method;and (5) observations within a randomly selected area were assimilated. The OSEs showed that (1) the DOTSTAR data had a positive impact on the forecast of Nida’s track;(2) dropsondes in the sensitive areas identified by the MM5 CNOP and FSV remained effective for improving the track forecast for Nida on the WRF platform;and (3) the greatest improvement in the track forecast resulted from the CNOP-based (third) simulation, which indicated that the CNOP method would be useful in decision making about dropsonde deployments. 相似文献
4.
为了检验不同观测资料在台风预报中的作用,以美国NCEP (National Centers for Environmental prediction)业务同化系统GSI (Grid Statistical Interpolation)为平台,选取2013年路径较复杂且登陆后降水持续较强的“潭美”台风过程为例,分别加入常规地面和高空观测资料、极轨卫星NOAA18、NOAA19、METOP-A和METOP-B资料,以及多普勒雷达基数据资料,探讨不同观测资料同化对台风的预报效果。同时,对台风采用Bogus初始化方案以及循环资料同化对台风路径和强度预报效果进行了对比分析。结果表明:常规观测资料对台风路径预报改善效果最明显,卫星资料的融入对海上台风路径的修正较好,而雷达资料则对台风登陆后的路径预报有改善;并且多源资料的融入效果最好。同时,采用Bogus方案可有效调整初始台风的位置和强度,从而对后期台风路径和强度预报有正效应。采用间隔6 h资料循环同化方法,可有效利用各时段资料,对台风路径和强度预报有较好的改善。 相似文献
5.
下投探空资料在台风莫拉克路径预报的应用试验 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
2009年8月7日中国大陆举行了首次利用机载下投式探空仪观测台风的试验,飞机在台风莫拉克与天鹅之间的云带相对稀薄区释放11个下投式探空仪。基于下投探空观测资料、常规探空资料和1°×1°分辨率的NCEP再分析资料,分析下投探空资料的可用性,并以下投探空资料初步分析了两台风间南海上空的风场、湿度场等大气特性;分别进行了有无以同化下投探空为初始场的GRAPES模式的模拟试验,以了解下投探空资料对台风莫拉克预报的影响作用。初步结论表明,台风天鹅与莫拉克之间的南海上空对流层中低层为深厚的西南气流,对流层低层及高层湿度小,中间层大;同化下投探空资料后,观测地区(下投探空点及其附近)800 hPa以下西南风减弱,以上加强,湿度中低层减小;有无同化下投探空资料的初值场差异随模式积分向下游传播,影响台风的环境场,改变了台风的引导气流:同化后500 hPa台风引导气流偏东、偏北分量加强,使台风的路径更接近实况路径,48 h台风路径预报误差比原来减少18%。 相似文献
6.
In order to investigate whether adaptive observations can improve tropical cyclone （TC） intensity forecasts,observing system simulation experiments （OSSEs） were conducted for 20 TC cases originating in the western North Pacific during the 2010 season according to the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation （CNOP） sensitivity,using the fifth version of the PSU/NCAR mesoscale model （MM5） and its 3DVAR assimilation system.A new intensity index was defined as the sum of the number of grid points within an allocated square centered at the corresponding forecast TC central position,that satisfy constraints associated with the Sea Level Pressure （SLP）,near-surface horizontal wind speed,and accumulated convective precipitation.The higher the index value is,the more intense the TC is.The impacts of the CNOP sensitivity on the intensity forecast were then estimated.The OSSE results showed that for 15 of the 20 cases there were improvements,with reductions of forecast errors in the range of 0.12％-8.59％,which were much less than in track forecasts.The indication,therefore,is that the CNOP sensitivity has a generally positive effect on TC intensity forecasts,but only to a certain degree.We conclude that factors such as the use of a coupled model,or better initialization of the TC vortex,are more important for an accurate TC intensity forecast. 相似文献
7.
A hybrid grid-point statistical interpolation-ensemble transform Kalman filter (GSI-ETKF) data assimilation system for the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model was developed and applied to typhoon track forecast with simulated dropsonde observations. This hybrid system showed significantly improved results with respect to tropical cyclone track forecast compared to the standard GSI system in the case of Muifa in 2011. Further analyses revealed that the flow-dependent ensemble covariance was the major contributor to the better performance of the GSI-ETKF system than the standard GSI system; the GSI-ETKF system was found to be potentially able to adjust the position of the typhoon vortex systematically and better update the environmental field. 相似文献
8.
S. R. H. Rizvi E. L. Bensman T. S. V. Vijaya Kumar A. Chakraborty T. N. Krishnamurti 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》2002,79(1-2):13-32
Summary
In the past, various field experiments were conducted using special aircrafts to enhance the observational database of hurricanes.
Dropwindsondes (or “dropsondes”) are generally deployed to collect additional observations in the vicinity of the hurricane
center. In addition to dropsondes, during the Third Convection and Moisture Experiment (CAMEX-3), which was conducted over
the Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico during August–September 1998, LASE was also used to measure vertical moisture profiles.
Four hurricanes: Bonnie, Danielle, Earl and Georges were targeted during this campaign.
This paper describes the resulting impact of CAMEX-3 data, especially the LASE moisture profile data, on the hurricane analysis
and forecast. The data were analyzed using a spectral statistical interpolation technique and the forecasts were made using
the FSUGCM at T126 resolution with 14 σ-vertical levels. Results indicate that the LASE data had a significant impact on the
moisture analysis. The reanalysis was slightly drier away from the hurricane center and wetter close to the center. Spiraling
bands, both dry and wet, of moisture were clearly seen for hurricane Danielle. The LASE data did not affect the wind analysis
significantly, however when it was used along with dropsonde observations the hurricane intensity and its structure were well
represented and the forecast track produced from the reanalyzed initial condition had less forecast errors. The LASE and dropsonde
observations were in good agreement.
Received February 27, 2001 Revised July 31, 2001 相似文献
9.
云迹风在热带气旋路径数值预报中的应用研究 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：10
通过一系列四维变分同化试验对GMS5卫星资料反演的云迹风资料在西北太平洋热带气旋的初始化及路径数值预报中的作用进行研究,同化资料为中国国家卫星气象中心提供的GMS5水汽和红外云迹风资料,其中70%在400hPa以上,50%集中在200～300hPa。应用美国NCAR/PSU中尺度模式MM5及其四维变分同化系统,同化窗口为6h,对初始时刻和6h后的云迹风进行同化。同化前对云迹风资料进行了简单的类似ECMWF初值检验方法的质量控制。对2002年8个西北太平洋热带气旋共进行了22组试验。结果表明,采用四维变分同化技术同化云迹风对热带气旋路径预报有一定改善,12,24,36和48h预报的平均距离误差分别降低5%,12%,10%和7%,但同化云迹风的作用与初始气旋强度有关。选择初始中心海平面气压960hPa作为强、弱气旋的分类标准,则11个较强气旋平均路径误差12h减小了13%,12h以后的预报误差减小率维持在20%以上。而对于11个较弱气旋,平均路径误差反而略有增加,说明同化云迹风资料对不同初始强度的气旋作用也有所不同。其主要原因是由于强度较强的热带气旋往往具有较为深厚的垂直结构,因此受高层大气流场的影响更明显;同时,较弱热带气旋的云迹风观测相对稀少且凌乱,并且更容易受环境气流的影响,因此对于较弱的热带气旋,当模式变量与模式或变量之间在同化后不够协调的话,就会产生负效应。 相似文献
10.
TAMDAR Observation Assimilation in WRF 3D-Var and Its Impact on Hurricane Ike (2008) Forecast 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 This study evaluates the impact of atmospheric observations from the Tropospheric Airborne Meteorological Data Reporting (TAMDAR) observing system on numerical weather prediction of hurricane Ike (2008) using three-dimensional data assimilation system for the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model (WRF 3D-Var). The TAMDAR data assimilation capability is added to WRF 3D-Var by incorporating the TAMDAR observation operator and corresponding observation processing procedure. Two 6-h cycling data assimilation and forecast experiments are conducted. Track and intensity forecasts are verified against the best track data from the National Hurricane Center. The results show that, on average, assimilating TAMDAR observations has a positive impact on the forecasts of hurricane Ike. The TAMDAR data assimilation reduces the track errors by about 30 km for 72-h forecasts. Improvements in intensity forecasts are also seen after four 6-h data assimilation cycles. Diagnostics show that assimilation of TAMDAR data improves subtropical ridge and steering flow in regions along Ike’s track, resulting in better forecasts. 相似文献
11.
全球数值模式中的台风初始化Ⅱ: 业务应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
由于缺少大量有效的观测资料,台风初始化对数值天气预报业务模式而言,仍然是一个悬而末决的难题.中国国家气象中心自从1996年将台风数值预报系统投入业务运行以来,一直使用经验的人造bogus涡旋台风初始化技术.实际上,不同时期的台风有着不同的环流结构,即使同一个台风在不同的生命期也具有不同的结构特征,而这些结构特征的差异并不能依靠现有的bogus涡旋技术体现出来,这种主观方法的统一性与台风在时空上的差异性形成了强烈的反差.最近,基于国家气象中心全球资料分析同化-预报循环系统,设计和发展了一套新的台风初始化业务方案,它主要由初始涡旋形成、涡旋重定位和涡旋调整3部分过程组成.相比于业务中使用的人造bogus涡旋台风初始化方案,新方案在很大程度上减少了人为因素对台风涡旋结构的影响,而更多地是依靠数值模式自身的动力和物理过程来协调约束产生三维空间的涡旋结构.应用新方案,文中对生成于西北太平洋的2006年0605号台风格美(Kaemi)进行了数值试验,初步分析表明,新方案在实现台风涡旋环流结构的初始化方面效果较好,同时,对台风格美多个时次的预报结果也显示,相比于业务使用的bogus方案而言,新方案对台风路径平均预报误差有了大幅度的降低. 相似文献
12.
随着气旋内部资料(Inner core data)在热带气旋预报中的使用,其重要性逐渐受到人们越来越多的关注。为了研究该资料中尾部机载雷达(Tail Doppler Radar,TDR)资料在业务系统中的应用效果,本文利用2012年飓风等级热带气旋Isaac期间的TDR资料,采用业务HWRF(Weather Research and Forecasting model for Hurricane)数值模式与业务GSI(Grid-point Statistical Interpolation system)三维变分同化(Three-Dimensional Variational Data Assimilation, 3DVar)系统对TDR资料进行了同化,展开了一系列预报试验,并对其效果进行了分析和研究。结果表明与HWRF的业务预报相比,GSI系统同化TDR资料后对热带气旋的路径和强度预报有明显改进;但其同化效果同时也表明业务三维变分中的静态背景误差协方差在TDR资料的应用中仍需要进一步的改进。 相似文献
13.
非静力模式预报热带气旋路径个例试验 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用非静力模式（ＭＭ５Ｖ２）对９６１１号、９９０４号等北上热带气旋路径预报进行民试验。用松驰（Ｎｕｄｇｉｎｇ）四维同化方案和人造热带气旋（Ｂｏｇｕｓ ＴＣ）技术,使独ｔ－１２时刻的模式场（包括第一个Ｂｏｇｕｓ ＴＣ）通过预积分逐步逼近ｔｏ时刻的Ｂｏｇｕｓ ＴＣ和同时刻的观测资料场庆１９９９年能够得到相隔６ｈ一次的ＡＴ１０６Ｌ１９预报场后,分别在ｔ－１２、ｔ－ａ６和ｔｏ时刻各制做一个Ｂｏｇｕｓ ＴＣ 相似文献
14.
下投式探空资料对Debby飓风路径预报影响的数值试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在飓风路径的数值预报中，对于初始场的要求很高，然而，由于初始资料的缺乏，经常导致路径预报的误差较大，尤其是当飓风处于远离陆地的海上时，这种误差更大，通过利用UM模式在Debby飓风活动期间，对下投式探空仪所获取探空资料，采用不同使用方案的三个时次共计10次数值试验的结论分析，给出一些有意义的 结论，即非实时资料对实时资料的有效补充，能够提高飓风路径预报精度，而在众多气象要素场中，风场和湿度场对飓风路径预报的影响更大。 相似文献
15.
介绍了西北太平洋热带气旋(TC)频次的延伸期预报方法,比较了新构建的动力-统计和统计预报模型的预测技巧,并探讨了预报误差来源及改进方向。动力-统计预报模型是基于动力模式预测的热带季节内振荡(ISO)信号及ISO-TC生成的同期统计关系来进行预报;统计预报模型则是基于TC生成的前兆ISO信号建模预报。预报评估结果显示,动力-统计混合预报模型的预报技巧高于统计预报模型,原因在于影响TC次季节变化的前兆信号并不稳定,且随着预报超前时间迅速消散,无法提供有效且稳定的可预报源;相反地,TC生成与同期的ISO背景场显著相关,动力模式对ISO(预报因子)有较好的预报能力,因此动力-统计相结合的预报方法为TC延伸期预报提供了有效途径。虽然目前动力-统计预报模型的预报技巧可达5～6周,但仍有进一步改进和提高的空间。通过对不同类型TC预报技巧检验和误差分析,研究认为年际和年代际背景场对ISO调控TC活动的影响不可忽略,且热带外ISO信号(如罗斯贝波破碎和西风急流强度等)对TC频次和轨迹也有显著影响,这些因子为TC延伸期预报提供了潜在可预报源。 相似文献
16.
To investigate the impact of various types of data on medium-range forecasts, observing system experiments are performed using an assimilation algorithm based on the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)/Department of Energy (DOE) reanalysis system. Data-denial experiments for radiosonde, satellite, aircraft, and sea surface observations, and selected data experiments for radiosonde and surface data, are conducted for the boreal summer of 1997 and the boreal winter of 1997/1998. The data assimilation system used in this study is remarkably dependent on radiosonde data, which provides information about the three-dimensional structure of the atmosphere. As expected, the impact of radiosonde observations on medium-range forecasts is strongly positive over the Northern Hemisphere and tropics, whereas the satellite system is most beneficial over the Southern Hemisphere. These results are also found in experiments simulating historical changes in observation systems. Over the tropics, assimilation without radiosonde observations generates unbalanced analyses resulting in unrealistic forecasts that must be corrected by the forecast model. Forecasts based on analysis from the observation data before the era of radiosonde observation are found to be less meaningful. In addition, the impacts on forecasts are closely related to the geographical distribution of observation data. The memory of observation data embedded in the analysis tends to persist throughout forecasts. However, cases exist where the effect of forecast error growth is more dominant than that of analysis error, e.g., over East Asia in summer, and where the deficiency in observations is supplemented or the imbalance in analysis is adjusted by the forecast model during the period of forecasts. Forecast error growth may be related to the synoptic correction performed by the data assimilation system. Over data-rich areas, analysis fields are corrected to a greater extent by the data assimilation system than are those over data-poor areas, which can cause the forecast model to produce more forecast errors in medium-range forecasts. It is found that even one month per season is sufficient for forecast skill verification in data impact experiments. Additionally, the use of upper-air observations is found to benefit areas that are downstream of observation data-rich areas. 相似文献
17.
Considering the feature of tropical cyclones (TCs) that strong positive vorticity exists in the lower layers of troposphere, this study proposed to use vorticity at 850 hPa as cost function to find the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP), which was largely different from those previous studies using total energy of perturbed forecast variables. The CNOP was obtained by an ensemble-based approach. All of the sensitive areas determined by CNOP with vorticity at 850 hPa as cost function for the three cases were located over the TC core region and its vicinity. The impact of the CNOP-based adaptive observations on TC forecasts was evaluated with three cases via observational system simulation experiments (OSSEs). Results showed obvious improvements in TC intensity or track forecasts due to the CNOP-based adaptive observations, which were related to the main error source of the verification area, i.e., intensity error or location error. 相似文献
18.
This study explored the impact of coastal radar observability on the forecast of the track and rainfall of Typhoon Morakot(2009)using a WRF-based ensemble Kalman filter(EnKF)data assimilation(DA)system.The results showed that the performance of radar EnKF DA was quite sensitive to the number of radars being assimilated and the DA timing relative to the landfall of the tropical cyclone(TC).It was found that assimilating radial velocity(Vr)data from all the four operational radars during the 6 h immediately before TC landfall was quite important for the track and rainfall forecasts after the TC made landfall.The TC track forecast error could be decreased by about 43% and the 24-h rainfall forecast skill could be almost tripled.Assimilating Vr data from a single radar outperformed the experiment without DA, though with less improvement compared to the multiple-radar DA experiment.Different forecast performances were obtained by assimilating different radars, which was closely related to the first-time wind analysis increment, the location of moisture transport, the quasi-stationary rainband, and the local convergence line.However, only assimilating Vr data when the TC was farther away from making landfall might worsen TC track and rainfall forecasts.Besides, this work also demonstrated that Vr data from multiple radars, instead of a single radar, should be used for verification to obtain a more reliable assessment of the EnKF performance. 相似文献
19.
利用华南精细数值天气预报模式,设计了无同化资料(CTRL)、同化雷达反演水汽(EXP1)以及同化雷达反演水汽、地面和探空资料(EXP2)三个试验,对2017年登陆广东沿海的四个台风降水预报与路径预报进行模拟,以评估资料同化对登陆台风短期降水预报、路径预报的影响。分析结果如下:雷达反演水汽同化后对未来24小时降水预报技巧均有正的改善,对台风路径预报影响不大;在此基础上同化地面、探空资料后对台风路径预报有改进,对降水预报改进不明显(与EXP1比)。通过诊断分析台风“玛娃”,发现模式初值场水汽的增量配合对流上升区有利于短时间内成云致雨,从而提高短时降水预报;地面及探空资料同化有利于登陆台风的短时路径预报。 相似文献
20.
E. G. Klimova 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2011,36(8):511-519
Observations are one of the main elements influencing the result of the data assimilation procedure in the models. The additional
sources of observations such as the aircraft data have appeared recently. In view of this, the problem arose of receiving
the additional observations to specify the result of the data assimilation procedure. The approaches are considered to the
estimation of the areas of additional observations for the increase in the accuracy of analysis and forecast in the data assimilation
procedure. A technique of observational network planning using the ensemble Kalman filter is proposed. The results are given
of numerical experiments on the estimation of the algorithm properties using the model based on the barotropic quasi-geostrophic
vortex equation. 相似文献