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1.
廊坊市雷电灾害易损性分析、评估及易损度区划 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用1968～2007年河北省廊坊市9个地面气象观测站的雷暴资料及1998～2007年廊坊市雷电灾情统计数据,结合其区域经济状况和人口密度,确定用雷暴日数（M）、雷电灾害频度（R）、经济（GDP）易损模数（E）、经济损失模数（E’）、生命易损模数（L）、生命损伤模数（L’）作为廊坊市雷电灾害易损性评估指标。计算出廊坊市各县（市、区）6个雷电灾害易损性评估指标后分等级进行综合评估与分析,得出各县市区的易损度,并按5级分区法对廊坊市雷电灾害易损度进行区划。结果表明：廊坊市开发区为极高易损区,全市无低易损区和极低易损区。 相似文献
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为认识统计山西雷暴大风的雷达产品特征，做好其预报预警，利用2013—2017年4—9月高空探测资料和地面观测资料以及多普勒雷达资料对山西39次雷暴大风过程进行研究。根据500 h Pa环流形势将其分为四大类型：西北气流型、冷涡型、西风槽前型、副热带高压（简称“副高”）切变型。统计分析了不同环流背景下雷暴大风的雷达产品特征及其预警提前量。结果表明：（1）块状孤立对流单体是任一环流背景下山西雷暴大风的主要雷达回波形态。（2）副高切变型雷暴大风的最大回波强度、回波顶高、最大垂直积分液态水含量值最高，冷涡型最低。（3）低层径向速度大值区对雷暴大风的指示意义最明显，预警提前量最多，可提前30 min以上。（4）雷暴大风发生时，有阵风锋和逆风区出现，但出现次数极少。研究结果对利用雷达产品预警山西雷暴大风提供参考依据。 相似文献
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利用2003-2012年的地面填图和探空资料,统计常用对流参数满足指定阈值条件时广西6个探空站出现雷暴天气的概率（简称＂雷暴概率＂）。统计结果表明：整层比湿积分（IQ）、K指数（KI）和抬升指数（LI）与雷暴概率有显著的线性关系,当IQ、KI增大,或LI减小时,雷暴概率增大。对流有效位能（CAPE）在0-200J·kg-1之间增长时雷暴概率迅速增大,但超过200J·kg-1后雷暴概率增大不明显。根据统计结果,选取IQ、KI和LI作为预报因子,CAPE作为消空因子,定义了一个适用于广西雷暴天气的经验预报指标。用2013年资料做试报检验,结果表明该指标对6小时内的雷暴天气有较好的预报能力。 相似文献
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基于FY-2E气象卫星相当黑体亮度温度（TBB）和云分类数据（CLC）及全球闪电探测网（WWLLN）闪电数据,通过对TBB不超过-32℃的云区进行椭圆拟合,定义1 h内上述云区或椭圆区域有WWLLN闪电发生的个例为雷暴云,获得雷暴云时间、位置、形态、结构、闪电活动等特征参量,构建雷暴云特征数据集,并基于该数据集初步分析了我国陆地和毗邻海域的雷暴活动特征。研究表明:我国华南、西南、青藏高原东、中部和南海雷暴最为活跃,华北和东北地区是北方雷暴活动较强的区域。雷暴活动时间变化海陆差异明显,陆地雷暴活动峰值出现在6—8月,南海雷暴活动一个峰值出现在5月左右,另一峰值出现在8月后,且纬度越低出现越晚。陆地大部分地区雷暴活动在14:00—20:00（北京时）达到峰值,毗邻海域雷暴活动峰值主要出现在早上。雷暴云TBB不超过-32℃面积符合对数正态分布,峰值区间位于1×103~1×104 km2,平均值为3.0×104 km2。南海雷暴云面积最大,陆地上大于雷暴云面积平均值1.2×105 km2的区域主要分布于我国地形的第一阶梯和柴达木盆地。 相似文献
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利用佛山地区2017年1月至2019年10月高精度微压计数据,统计分析佛山地区不同类型雷暴天气的大气重力波频谱特征,结果表明:雷暴天气与重力波的生成、发展密切相关,长周期（90～270 min）、短周期（1～90 min）重力波在不同类型雷暴天气有明显的差异。不同类型雷暴期间,都有大振幅（≥110 Pa）、宽周期范围的长周期重力波,但是强雷暴期间长周期重力波的振幅更大、周期范围更宽,中心振幅大于130 Pa的重力波发生的比率更高;不同类型雷暴激发的短周期重力波具有共同特征,表现为周期10～90 min、中心振幅11～47 Pa,但是大部分强雷暴都会激发10～90 min短周期重力波,发生的比率高于弱雷暴,并且强雷暴更易激发更短周期（1～20 min）重力波,更利于振幅较大（≥50 Pa）的短周期重力波发生。近距离雷暴比远距离雷暴对长、短周期重力波有更积极的影响。部分雷暴发生前约114～168 min,会有长、短周期重力波先兆活动,其中,长周期（90～270 min）重力波平均中心振幅84～106 Pa、短周期（30～90 min）重力波平均中心振幅12～43 Pa;相比远距离雷暴,近距离雷暴的重力波先兆活动发生比率更高;雷暴强度对重力波先兆活动也有影响,强雷暴过程振幅更大、短周期（20～30 min）的重力波先兆活动发生率更高。重力波先兆活动这一特征可能对雷暴预警有意义。 相似文献
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基于2006—2015年西宁曹家堡机场的雷暴观测资料,从雷暴日（次）数、持续时间、初现方位、伴随天气现象和雷暴初终日特征方面对该高原机场的雷暴特征进行统计分析。结果表明,曹家堡机场年平均雷暴日数为34.7 d,主要发生在5—9月,夏季是该机场雷暴的集中爆发期;雷暴具有明显的日变化特征,集中发生在午后至夜间（16—22时）,持续时间在2 h以内;雷暴初现方位以偏西、偏北为主,偏西、偏北的对流云团发展是该机场飞行保障的关注重点;雷暴伴随天气现象以干雷暴和小阵雨为主,而少数伴有中、大阵雨的强雷暴主要发生在夏季;雷暴初终日平均间隔为173.2 d,并且初雷能充分体现该机场的典型雷暴特征。 相似文献
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为了研究极端雷暴大风天气环境要素特点,选取2002—2017年中国各地区极端雷暴大风个例95个和不伴随强对流的普通雷暴个例95个,通过两者间关键环境参数的对比,揭示极端雷暴大风事件的关键环境参数特征。结果表明:极端雷暴大风天气发生在对流层中层相对干的环境下,表现为400~700 hPa极端雷暴大风对应的单层最大温度露点差和平均温度露点差平均值分别为25.7℃和13.6℃,而普通雷暴的相应值分别为16.2℃和6.5℃。统计结果表明:尽管产生极端雷暴大风的对流风暴和普通雷达对应的地面露点差异并不大,但前者相应的大气可降水量（平均值为37 mm）明显低于后者（平均值为51 mm）,差异突出表现在两者湿层厚度的不同上;相对于普通雷暴事件,极端雷暴大风事件对应的对流有效位能值（平均值为1820 J·kg-1）明显高于普通雷暴事件的对应值（平均值为470 J·kg-1）;此外,极端雷暴大风事件对应的对流层中下层垂直温度递减率、下沉有效位能、夹卷层平均风速和0~6 km,0~3 km垂直风切变均明显大于普通雷暴事件对应的相应值。 相似文献
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雷暴及伴随其出现的恶劣天气严重威胁飞行安全。利用常规气象资料、卫星云图、雷达回波结合湿位涡的诊断分析对2005年6月26日出现在乌鲁木齐国际机场的一次强雷暴天气进行了研究。结果表明：（1）雷暴出现时，机场的地面要素场和天气变化剧烈，气温剧降，湿度暴增，气压涌升，并伴有大风和强阵雨。（2）此次强雷暴天气是由飑线引起的。飑线的形成可能与冷性的中-α尺度的高压和生命史较短的中-β尺度热低压之间的相互作用有关。（3）逆温层的存在抑制了水汽和热量向上的输送和扩散，冷空气的冲击破坏了逆温层，使累积的不稳定能量得以释放，强对流天气爆发。（4）925hPa的湿对称不稳定区域对于预报雷暴天气的落区具有一定的指示意义，强雷暴出现在MPV〈0的大值区内。 相似文献
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动力-统计方法在24小时雷暴预报的应用 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
利用T213数值预报产品,计算了多个对流参数,应用事件概率回归方法分别建立了全国690个基本站4-9月的24h雷暴潜势预报方程,并根据TS评分值最大的原则确定了雷暴发生预报的临界概率,针对2010年4-9月进行试预报。研究结果表明：（1）基于T213输出产品计算得到的对流参数物理意义明确,与雷暴有无事件相关系数较高,对雷暴潜势预报方程贡献很大。（2）雷暴潜势预报方程对区域性雷暴的预报指示性较强,尤其对于雷电频发的地区效果更好。（3）690个站TS评分平均值为0．24。 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献