共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
河套地区一次寒潮天气的环流背景及成因 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用常规观测资料和MICAPS提供的相关资料,对2006年3月9—11日在河套地区发生的大范围大风、沙尘暴、寒潮天气的环流形势及物理量进行分析。分析表明:影响本次沙尘暴的高空系统是斜压性很强的蒙古横槽及北路冷空气南压形成的密集的高空锋区,地面蒙古气旋的暖性性质为沙尘暴的爆发提供了有利的热力条件;沙尘暴发生前期河套及上游地区干暖的气候条件及下垫面增厚的干土层及沙区,对沙尘暴的发生提供最基本的环境条件。另外,高空蒙古横槽南压、转竖是寒潮爆发南下的关键点;地面蒙古气旋的东移及地面冷高压中心强度达到1060.0hPa是寒潮爆发南下的必要条件;蒙古横槽诱发北路冷空气南压,使地面冷高压前沿气压梯度的不断加强加剧了寒潮爆发的速度。 相似文献
2.
3.
4.
5.
利用常规天气资料和数值预报产品,应用天气分析和诊断分析方法,对2010年4月13日运城市出现的近40年最严重的强霜冻天气过程进行分析,并与历史个例进行比较,结果表明,此次过程是在前期升温明显的基础上,有强冷空气在西伯利亚及贝加尔湖堆积并向南侵袭造成的;此次过程亚洲中高纬环流表现为“一脊一槽”型,动力机制为横槽转竖促使冷空气向南爆发;冷空气爆发后,本地上空由强盛的冷平流控制,地面冷高压进入关键区并达到寒潮强度。由于每次强降温发生的环流背景、影响系统及冷空气的强度、发展、移动路径不同,所以造成的降温幅度和影响也不同。在此基础上,总结出强霜冻预报的着眼点。 相似文献
6.
运用常规气象观测资料和欧洲数值预报图,对2010年1月19—22日从西北方向入侵的强冷空气引发大面积的大风降温天气过程进行分析。结果表明：此次寒潮主要是由贝加尔湖附近的横槽内聚积一股较强的冷空气（高空500hPa冷中心强度达-45℃、地面冷高压中心强度达1060．0hP）。西西伯利亚的阻塞高压与贝加尔湖高空冷槽共同作用,西北路冷空气不断向东南侵袭,乌兰察布市处于西风带控制,横槽沿西风带向东移动分裂为两股冷空气。阻塞高压前偏北冷空气不断东移南下,引发横槽转竖并向南加深。持续性降温导致强寒潮天气过程。 相似文献
7.
《青海气象》2019,(4)
利用Micaps常规气象资料,从天气学角度对2015年4月1日青海省东部区域性寒潮天气过程的环流背景,影响系统及成因进行了分析。结果表明:此次寒潮天气过程主要是由乌拉尔山阻塞高压前部偏北气流引导极地冷空气南下在乌拉尔山东南部一带堆积,形成强大的冷高压;巴湖低涡分裂小槽东移南压,引导冷空气南下,在青海东部与南支槽叠加,促成了青海东部此次中到重度寒潮天气;乌拉尔山东南部地面冷高压分裂冷空气扩散南下,北路冷空气东灌进入青海东部河谷地区,与西路冷空气在青海东部地区锢囚,利于冷空气在青海东部维持;中低层强冷平流也是产生寒潮天气的触发机制;夜间辐射冷却加剧青海东部地面降温;新疆北部至河西走廊西部的中高层高空急流强盛,青海东部位于急流出口区右侧,利于高空动量下传,导致地面风速加大,另外地面冷锋后部气流下沉加压,也是导致地面出现大风的原因之一。 相似文献
8.
1999年11月24日辽宁省出现近46 a最强寒潮过程,利用常规气象观测资料及NCEP再分析资料,对此次寒潮过程的成因进行分析。结果表明:1999年11月24日辽宁各地24 h最低气温普遍下降10℃以上,鞍山和铁岭等部分地区24 h最低气温下降22℃,降温幅度大且覆盖范围广,是辽宁地区罕见的强寒潮。此次寒潮过程冷空气主要源自新地岛以东的极地,寒潮酝酿阶段差动涡度平流、差动温度平流有利于寒潮地面高压强烈发展并向东偏南方向移动,横槽南压是引导冷空气爆发的环流形势。对1999年的"11·24"寒潮成因初步分析发现:西北路、超极地和西路3路冷空气的共同影响有利于冷空气大量堆积;中低层冷空气、锋区、地面高压强度均强于其他寒潮过程;前期暖气团和后期超强冷空气共同作用,强升温后骤然降温导致最强寒潮出现。 相似文献
9.
利用NCEP/NCAR全球2.5°×2.5°逐日和FNL1°×1°逐6h再分析资料,对2016年冬末春初湖南出现的两次寒潮过程进行等熵位涡诊断分析。结果表明:(1)中高纬度的高位涡区可以用来追踪影响湖南寒潮过程中强冷空气的来源和水平移动,西伯利亚冷高压陡增和与湖南地面气温的急剧下降预示着湖南寒潮天气爆发;(2)两次寒潮爆发过程中均伴随有中高纬度高位涡区向南传播的特征,且高位涡主体移动路径与地面冷空气南下路径一致,此外也表现出高位涡强烈向下伸展的特征;(3)等熵面上的高位涡中心与气旋性环流相对应,位涡中心区的变化可看出高空横槽的发展变化,而高位涡中心向南向下的传播导致强的下沉运动促进地面冷高压迅速发展,导致寒潮爆发。 相似文献
10.
采用欧洲中心提供的ERA-Interim每日4次再分析资料,对2016年1月下旬的一次强寒潮事件进行等熵位涡分析。结果表明,此次强寒潮的爆发以动力对流层顶下降、高位涡下传为特征,位涡扰动的强度和时间曲线的转折点对寒潮的酝酿和爆发有指示意义。此次强寒潮过程的冷空气可追溯到欧亚北部的新地岛附近和亚洲东北部的对流层顶,两股具有高位涡的冷空气在贝加尔湖附近合并堆积,在转竖横槽的引导下向南爆发,形成强寒潮。伴随寒潮过程的酝酿和爆发,高位涡强冷空气向下、向南传播,并伴随急流向下伸展。高位涡柱对应强烈发展并下伸的正涡度柱,表明高位涡引起的垂直拉伸导致显著的旋转增强,对应涡后横槽的强烈加深。对流层顶呈现大振幅波动,来自高层的信号较低层出现得更早、更强,在动力对流层顶上的信号比500 hPa表现得更为清楚。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
13.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
17.
18.
<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
19.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献