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1.
气象水文模型耦合在黄河三花间洪水预报中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
水文预报的有效预见期越长,预报精度越高,其对防洪减灾的价值就越大,而气象水文模型的耦合是延长水文预报有效预见期的一个重要研究方向。选取黄河流域三门峡水库以下、花园口水文站以上集水面积为研究区域,基于空间分辨率为90 m×90 m的数字高程模型数据构建数字流域水系,利用中尺度非静力模式MM5进行降雨预报和气温预报,并将之作为分布式时变增益水文模型降雨和蒸发计算的输入进行关键站点的水文预报,实现了分布式时变增益水文模型与大气中尺度非静力模式MM5的单向耦合及定量降水预报与洪水预报的结合,为花园口防汛工作提供了一定的参考价值。2012年与2010年的流量滚动预报结果相比,2012年预报结果的效率系数较大,径流深相对误差较小,说明2012年预报效果较好。对预报结果分析表明,实测的水情资料完整性直接影响预报结果,而滚动预报时间段的增加,水文预报的初始场对径流预报的影响逐渐减弱,水文预报的精确度逐渐提高,预报的效果变好。 相似文献
2.
E. V. Orlova 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2008,33(4):253-258
This paper describes approaches to hydrological calculations using GIS technology by an example of the Pechora basin. A digital model of the river basin is applied to automatically outline watersheds of the river and its tributaries and to determine the areas and coordinates of the centers of drainage basins of hydrological posts. Original hydrological data are interpolated and hydrological characteristics are calculated. The calculated values are compared with the earlier published data obtained by traditional methods. 相似文献
3.
王新辉 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2013,7(5):62-65
摘要：将台兰河作为塔里木河典型源流径流的案列,通过SPSS应用技术,探索适合干旱区河流水文预报方法。首先将台兰河台兰水文站1957-2008年年均流量Q（t）序列分解为趋势、周期、平稳函数项和噪声项,建立了非平稳时间序列加法模型,然后对建模年限内的Q（t）序列作了模拟检验,最后对建模年限外的2009、2010、2011年Q（t）值作了预报,预报结果符合水文情报预报规范要求,可供生产实践参考。 相似文献
4.
基于陆面水文耦合模式CLHMS的淮河流域水文过程的模拟评估及其不确定性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用最新的CFSR(Climate Forecast System Reanalysis)再分析及观测的降水和地表气温资料驱动陆面水文耦合模式CLHMS(Coupled Land surface and Hydrologic Model System),对淮河流域1980~2003年共24年的水文水循环过程进行了模拟,系统评估了CLHMS对淮河流域水文过程的模拟能力及其不确定性。分析结果表明,CLHMS模式对淮河流域水文过程具有良好的模拟能力,模式尤其对湿润年份流域的水量平衡以及河道流量的季节、年际变化具有很强的模拟能力,而对降水偏少的干旱年份,模式模拟的河道流量通常会高于观测实况,与实况间存在着一定的偏差,而这也是导致CLHMS对流域水文过程模拟能力存在显著年代际差异的主要原因。基于三组不同降水强迫的流域水文过程模拟结果比较表明,降水驱动资料准确与否是陆面水文模拟最主要的不确定性来源之一,正是由于CFSR再分析降水与观测降水之间存在较大的差异,从而导致CFSR降水驱动下模式模拟的淮河流域河道流量与观测存在较大的偏差,其模拟性能相对较差。进一步分析还表明,可以保持较强降水日变化的时间解集方法,也是保证合理模拟流域水文过程的重要因素。 相似文献
5.
欧亚大陆积雪两种物理效应对2010年春末夏初华南降水的影响 总被引：8，自引：6，他引：2
本文基于欧亚大陆积雪深度资料和中国台站降水资料的奇异值分析 (SVD) 结果, 使用大气环流模式 (CAM3.1) 分别进行三组集合试验来研究欧亚大陆积雪的反照率效应和水文效应对2010年5～6月华南降水的影响: 第一组试验综合考虑积雪的两种物理效应, 既有反照率效应又有水文效应; 第二组试验仅考虑积雪反照率效应, 忽略水文效应; 第三组试验只考虑积雪水文效应, 忽略反照率效应。试验结果表明, 积雪的两种物理效应都会对后期华南降水产生影响, 但是三组试验中积雪不同物理效应所导致的异常幅度和范围存在较大差异, 其中积雪水文效应比反照率效应引起的变化幅度大。当两种效应共同作用时产生的异常与统计分析结果最为接近, 变化幅度也最大, 但是并不等于单纯反照率效应和单纯水文效应作用之和。 相似文献
6.
To comprehensively investigate characteristics of summer droughts and floods in the Yangtze River valley, a meteorological and hydrological coupling index （MHCI） was developed using meteorological and hydro- logical data. The results indicate that： （1） in representing drought/flood information for the Yangtze River valley, the MHCI can reflect composite features of precipitation and hydrological observations; （2） compre- hensive analysis of the interannual phase difference of the precipitation and hydrological indices is important to recognize and predict annual drought/flood events along the valley; the hydrological index contributes more strongly to nonlinear and continuity features that indicate transition from long-term drought to flood conditions; （3） time series of the MHCI from 1960-2009 are very effective and sensitive in reflecting annual drought/flood characteristics, i.e. there is more rainfall or typical flooding in the valley when the MHCI is positive, and vice versa; and （4） verification of the MHCI indicates that there is significant correlation between precipitation and hydrologic responses in the valley during summer; the correlation coefficient was found to reach 0.82, exceeding the 0.001 significance level. 相似文献
7.
Summary Efforts to understand and simulate the global climate in numerical models have led to regional studies of the energy and
water balance. The Baltic Basin provides a continental scale test basin where meteorology, oceanography and hydrology all
can meet. Using a simple conceptual approach, a large-scale hydrological model of the water balance of the total Baltic Sea
Drainage Basin (HBV-Baltic) was used to simulate the basinwide water balance components for the present climate and to evaluate
the land surface components of atmospheric climate models. It has been used extensively in co-operative BALTEX (The Baltic
Sea Experiment) research and within SWECLIM (Swedish Regional Climate Modelling Programme) to support continued regional climate
model development. This helps to identify inconsistencies in both meteorological and hydrological models. One result is that
compensating errors are evident in the snow routines of the atmospheric models studied. The use of HBV-Baltic has greatly
improved the dialogue between hydrological and meteorological modellers within the Baltic Basin research community. It is
concluded that conceptual hydrological models, although far from being complete, play an important role in the realm of continental
scale hydrological modelling. Atmospheric models benefit from the experience of hydrological modellers in developing simpler,
yet more effective land surface parameterisations. This basic modelling tool for simulating the large-scale water balance
of the Baltic Sea drainage basin is the only existing hydrological model that covers the entire basin and will continue to
be used until more detailed models can be successfully applied at this scale.
Received November 24, 2000 Revised April 4, 2001 相似文献
8.
A considerable variation of hydrological regime of oligotrophic bogs of northern and northwestern Russia takes place during
all phases of hydrological year under influence of climatic changes of recent decades. The mechanism and factors of climate
changes influencing the regime of bog water level and the runoff from bog massifs are revealed. It is demonstrated that the
change in the hydrological regime influences the stability of ecosystems of oligotrophic bog massifs. 相似文献
9.
水文模型参数选取对模拟径流的年际年内分布影响评估 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
使用水文模型进行气候变化对水文水资源的影响评估时,通常假定水文模型参数在历史和未来时期是固定不变的,并未区分水文模型参数受环境变化的影响差异。针对该问题,采用集对分析法以年降水量和年径流量为依据进行丰、平、枯水年的划分,利用SWAT分布式水文模型分别率定不同水平年的模型参数,探究月尺度模型参数的非稳定性对年际年内径流的影响。研究结果表明,分别以年降水量和年径流量划分丰、平、枯水年时,1961—2010年这50年中有70%的年份为同枯或同丰。如果仅选择某一水平年（丰、平、枯）背景下的资料进行建模,将导致模拟精度较丰、平、枯整体考虑时降低,且是以偏大为主。用同样的水文资料与代表不同环境条件下模型参数推求径流过程时,从年际变化角度看,使用某一水平年（丰、平、枯）背景下的参数,总体上模拟径流偏湿润,使得丰水年比重增加、枯水年比重降低;从年内分布看,受不同水平年参数影响,径流的集中度减小,年内分配更加均匀,径流集中期延迟。本研究可为提高未来变化环境下水文模拟可靠性提供参考,对于应对变化环境下的水资源适应性管理具有重要意义。 相似文献
10.
11.
Peculiarities of formation and seasonal dynamics of hydrological structure of the Sheksna River Deep of the Rybinsk Reservoir
are considered. The contribution of various genetic water types, including run-offs of the town of Cherepovets, to the formation
of its water masses is established on the grounds of model calculations. It is shown, that the hydrological structure effects
the distribution of hydrobionts in sewage disposal areas. The assessment of the contribution of Cherepovets run-offs to the
change of total water salinity of the deep is given. 相似文献
12.
13.
Brazilian strategic interest in the Madeira River basin, one of the most important of the southern Amazon tributaries, includes the development of hydropower to satisfy the country’s growing energy needs and new waterways to boost regional trade and economic development. Because of evidences that climate change impacts the hydrological regime of rivers, the aim of this study was to assess how global climate change and regional land cover change caused by deforestation could affect the river’s hydrological regime. To achieve this goal, we calibrated a large-scale hydrological model for the period from 1970–1990 and analyzed the ability of the model to simulate the present hydrological regime when climate model simulations were used as input. Climate change projections produced by climate models were used in the hydrological model to generate scenarios with and without regional land-use and land-cover changes induced by forest conversion to pasture for the period from 2011–2099. Although results show variability among models, consensus scenarios indicated a decrease in the low-flow regime. When the simulations included forest conversion to pasture, climate change impacts on low flows were reduced in the upper basin, while, in the lower basin, discharges were affected along the whole year due to the more vigorous land-use conversion in the Brazilian region of the basin. 相似文献
14.
雷达可随时跟踪雨区范围、暴雨走向和降雨量的变化,而降雨是水文预报最重要的输入信息,对于水文预报、水库蓄放及江河流域水量的短时洪水预报都是很重要的。本文在介绍雷达测雨及国内外雷达测雨业务系统的基础上,重点总结了国内雷达测雨在水文预报中的研究进展,并提出了雷达在水文预报中的应用思路,探讨了雷达测雨在我国水文应用中的前景及其发展方向。数字化雷达测雨、地理信息系统以及数字高程图等系列新信息,将进一步推动新一代分布式降雨—径流模型的开发,并将极大地拓宽水文预报研究的思路和方法,从而提高预报精度。 相似文献
15.
The response of the hydrological cycle to climate variability and change is a critical open question, where model reliability is still unsatisfactory, yet upon which past climate history can shed some light. Sea ice is a key player in the climate system and in the hydrological cycle, due to its strong albedo effect and its insulating effect on local evaporation and air-sea heat flux. Using an atmospheric general circulation model with specified sea surface temperature and sea-ice distribution, the role of sea ice in the hydrological cycle is investigated under last glacial maximum (LGM) and present day conditions, and by studying its contribution to the “temperature-precipitation feedback”. By conducting a set of sensitivity experiments in which the albedo and thickness of the sea ice are varied, the various effects of sea ice in the hydrological cycle are isolated. It is demonstrated that for a cold LGM like state, a warmer climate (as a result of reduced sea-ice cover) leads to an increase in snow precipitation over the ice sheets. The insulating effect of the sea ice on the hydrological cycle is found to be larger than the albedo effect. These two effects interact in a nonlinear way and their total effect is not equal to summing their separate contribution. 相似文献
16.
WRF/Chem模式中两种起沙参数化方案对东亚地区一次强沙尘暴过程模拟的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用耦合了GOCART和Shao04两种起沙参数化方案的WRF/Chem模式对2002年3月19~22日发生在东亚地区的强沙尘暴过程进行模拟,着重考察了不同起沙方案对沙尘暴过程模拟的影响。结果表明,耦合了两种不同方案的WRF/Chem总体上均能较合理地模拟出主要的起沙区域、起沙强度的变化以及沙尘浓度的时空演变特征,模式对沙尘源地附近及下游地区地面沙尘浓度时间变化特征的模拟与站点观测结果也十分接近。但总体说来Shao04方案对沙尘起沙的发生以及强度变化过程具有更好的模拟能力,该方案模拟的沙尘浓度与观测更为一致,整体性能要优于GOCART方案。进一步分析发现,由于GOCART方案中采用的临界起沙风速偏小,导致该方案下模拟的沙尘分布范围偏大;另外该方案忽略了蒙古东南部和内蒙古中东部的潜在沙尘源地,从而使得耦合了GOCART方案的模式未能模拟出上述区域的起沙过程,使得该区域及下游地区模拟的沙尘浓度也偏小。但在塔里木盆地,Shao04方案计算的起沙通量偏小,这可能与Shao04方案未能考虑风速较小情况下空气拖曳力夹卷作用对起沙的影响有关,也可能与该方案中采用的土壤质地数据不准确有关。 相似文献
17.
18.
A. A. Kordzadze D. I. Demetrashvili A. A. Surmava 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2007,32(9):588-592
With a baroclinic prognostic model of sea dynamics, the annual cycle of the Black Sea hydrological regime is modeled for constantly changing atmospheric circulation types characteristic of the Black Sea. Emphasis is placed on the hydrological structure of the upper sea layer in two extreme meteorological situations, storm and near-calm conditions over the sea basin. A significant difference is found in the character of the sea currents, and the main sea circulation features are determined for such situations. The system of model equations is solved using a method of two-cycle splitting on a grid with a 5-km horizontal step and 32 levels in the vertical. 相似文献
19.
A. N. Bugaets B. I. Gartsman A. A. Tereshkina L. V. Gonchukov N. D. Bugaets N. Yu. Sidorenko N. F. Pshenichnikova S. M. Krasnopeyev 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2018,43(5):323-331
The research describes the experience of using digital models (of terrain, soil, and vegetation) for the underlying surface of the catchment for developing the spatial structure of the open-source SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) hydrological model. The hydrological regime for the Komarovka River basin (616 km2) is simulated with a daily resolution using the data of Primorskaya water balance station and the modern observation network of Primorye Administration for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring. It is found that the calculated and measured runoff hydrographs are generally in good agreement, and the model is suitable for describing the hydrological regime of mid-latitude rivers where rainfall floods prevail. The model well reproduces average water years, underestimates the peaks caused by intense rainfall of the typhoon origin and overestimates baseflow. 相似文献
20.
S. V. Lebedeva I. V. Zemlyanov A. A. Lomonosov 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2018,43(10):655-663
The results of studying the hydrological regime ofthe Volga-Akhtuba floodplain based on the joint analysis of observation and hydrodynamic modeling data are presented. The calculated hydrological characteristics are compared with observational data. The areas and boundaries of zones flooded by the water flow from the Akhtuba and Volga rivers are estimated. The efficiency of water engineering activities aimed at the improvement of flooding conditions is analyzed for the most problematic part of the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain. 相似文献