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1.
为研究Airda HTG-4型微波辐射计在成都双流机场的应用效果,利用2017年4月～2018年1月该型辐射计温湿数据,选取雾、积冰、小(阵)雨、雷暴个例进行分析,结果表明:相对湿度和液态水含量在大雾、积冰、弱降水和强对流过程中表现良好。大雾时,近地面相对湿度和能见度的变化有较高的同步率,液态水含量的激增对应了雾的加深。弱降水和强对流过程中,相对湿度多呈“上干、下湿”两层结构;其中,6km以下相对湿度和2.3～4.5km高度的液态水含量变化显著。K指数和沙氏指数SI在对流天气下表现良好,在有明显降水后误差增大,对流过程结束后需要较长时间恢复常态。 相似文献
2.
利用辽宁省阜新蒙古族自治县QFW-6000型地基微波辐射计和邻近探空资料,对微波辐射计反演精度进行评估,分析云中积分液态水含量、积分水汽含量与降水量的变化特征。结果表明：微波辐射计的反演参量与探空资料具有高相关性,反演的相对湿度基本大于探空测量的相对湿度,近地面与高层的误差在5%以内。基于云中积分液态水含量与降水量的统计分析发现,降水开始前存在明显跃增,云中积分液态水含量会快速增大到1 mm以上,随着降水的持续,云中积分液态水含量一直维持在2 mm以上,当降水结束,云中积分液态水含量迅速回落至0.2 mm以下。积分液态水和积分水汽含量为雨天>云天>晴天,积分水汽含量在不同天气下具有相似的垂直结构,均表现出随高度升高递减的变化趋势,水汽在高空的递减速率相对较慢,到近地层递减速率明显加快;云中积分液态水含量在云天和晴天的垂直分布结构相似,最大值分别为0.15 g·m-3和0.10 g·m-3,均位于1 km高度处;雨天云中积分液态水含量具有两个峰值区间,分别位于1.0 km和2.5 km高度处。云中积分液态水含量和积分水汽含量呈现白天高值而夜间及清晨低值的日变化特征,云底高度则呈相反的变化趋势。 相似文献
3.
北京雾与霾天气大气液态水含量和相对湿度层结特征分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了研究空气中的水汽层结变化对雾、霾生消的影响,对北京2011年10月至2012年2月雾、霾天气个例中能见度变化和地基微波辐射计观测的相对湿度及液态水含量资料进行分析,结果表明:大气总液态水含量时序图对预报雾、霾没有参考意义,无论是大气总液态水含量数值的大小,还是大气总液态水含量随时间的变化都不能预测雾、霾的生成与消散。但不同时刻大气液态水含量的廓线图对雾、霾天气的预报还是具有指示意义的,因为雾、霾生消前后大气液态水含量层结变化明显。进一步分析不同情况的雾、霾天气发现:雾、霾生消前后均无降水出现和先出大雾后降水的情况,即降水后消散的雾、霾天气,大气相对湿度的变化和液态水含量的变化主要集中在3 km以下;对于先降水后出大雾的情况,整层大气相对湿度的变化都很明显,液态水含量的变化主要在3~7 km之间。由于降水既可以增加近地面的空气湿度,又可以消耗空气中的水汽,因此降水既是大雾形成的有利条件,也是大雾消散的有利条件。有降水出现的大雾天气,有饱和层(空气相对湿度达到或接近100%),无降水出现的重霾天气,则没有饱和层,且整体相对湿度偏低。 相似文献
4.
利用2012年1月至2014年8月重庆沙坪坝站的微波辐射计和探空数据,通过数值模拟检验微波辐射计的亮温精度,并统计分析晴空、有云和降水天气条件下微波辐射计反演产品的变化特征。结果表明:(1)有云时微波辐射计氧气通道53.85、54.00 GHz亮温与探空观测温度相关性较好;晴空和有云时MonoRTM模拟亮温与微波辐射计观测亮温相关性较好。(2)不同天气条件下,微波辐射计反演温度与探空观测值的相关性都较高,降水时4.0 km以下微波辐射计反演温度明显偏高,有云和晴空时3.8 km以下的温度平均绝对误差小于2℃。微波辐射计反演的相对湿度与探空观测值的相关性较同高度层温度的相关性差,有云时1.0~2.6 km高度反演的相对湿度平均误差很小,降水时4.5 km以下平均误差也较小且稳定。降水时4.0 km以下微波辐射计反演的水汽密度平均误差明显偏大,有云时多数高度层平均误差较小。(3)4.2 km以下降水时08:00微波辐射计反演温度的平均误差较大,有云时08:00微波辐射计反演温度和水汽密度的平均误差均较小。说明微波辐射计反演的大气廓线具有可用性,且在稳定大气环境中反演效果更好。 相似文献
5.
利用西安微波辐射计、西安风廓线雷达、FY 4A卫星云图等新型探测资料,对2018年7月26日发生在西安地区的一次强对流天气过程进行分析。结果表明：（1）微波辐射计可以较好地反映液态水含量、大气相对湿度和云底高度在降水过程中的垂直变化规律。液态水含量越大,降水强度越强;相对湿度在强对流发生时呈现中间层的大值区向低层扩展趋势,中高层相对湿度明显减小,2 km以下相对湿度急剧增加,加剧层结不稳定;云底高度在强对流前有剧烈波动,强降水时段降为0 km。（2）在对流天气发生前,风廓线雷达水平风具有明显的垂直切变,水平风向、风速的不连续性明显。（3）FY 4A 闪电探测产品可以监测覆盖区域的总闪电,其分布与雷达回波及对流云团发展位置相吻合,时间变化趋势一致;卫星云图TBB最小值中心（＜-65 ℃）区域出现明显降水、大风天气,强降水位于对流云团内部、TBB最小值中心附近。 相似文献
6.
微波辐射计能够获取分钟级别的大气温湿廓线,可以弥补气象探空在时间分辨率上的不足。本文利用青藏高原东侧甘孜站2017年8—10月并址观测的微波辐射计和探空资料,对微波辐射计反演大气廓线的精度进行分析,并利用这些廓线探讨甘孜大气热力和云水变化特征。分析结果显示,总体上微波辐射计反演参量与探空观测之间具有高相关系数,微波辐射计反演的温度、相对湿度和水汽密度与探空观测的偏差分别为1.3℃、-2%和0.71 g·m~(-3),相应的均方差分别为2.9℃、20%和1.08 g·m~(-3),非强降水对微波辐射计观测质量的影响较小。微波辐射计与探空的温度偏差在多数高度层上小于2℃,能够达到气象业务的偏差要求。非雨天时微波辐射计与探空的相对湿度偏差在多数高度层上约为10%,雨天时相对湿度偏差在3.5 km以下小于5%。基于甘孜微波辐射计资料的统计分析发现,甘孜大气具有白天干热、夜间湿冷的日变化特征,云液态水含量白天较小、夜间较大,而且白天低层云发展较弱、云底较高,夜间低层云发展较强、云底较低。云液态水含量在云天和雨天具有相似的垂直结构,云液态水含量随高度增加先快速增大,然后在一定高度内波动变化,之后又快速变小,能够较好地指示入云和出云的特征。此外,云天低层云的云体主要处在0.1—2.5 km高度,而雨天低层云的云体分布高度范围更大为0—3.5 km高度。这些分析结果表明,微波辐射计反演大气廓线在甘孜具有可用性,能为定量研究云特征提供科学数据。 相似文献
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地基微波辐射计对乌鲁木齐暴雨天气过程的观测分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
MP-3000A是一种新型大气探测仪器,可以连续得到从地面到10km高度上高分辨率的温度、相对湿度、水汽廓线以及液态水廓线。通过选取2011年5月1日的微波辐射计观测数据,分析在降水发生前后的水汽密度和液态水含量的变化,发现大气降水与水汽密度和液态水含量有很紧密的联系。大气中的可降水量一般会维持在25mm,当大气中的可降水量值超过50mm,液态水含量值开始增加的时候,发生降水的可能性增大;降水过后,液态水含量若是没有回落到0.0mm以内,在未来的2～3h内还是会发生降水,因此研究微波辐射计探测的大气水汽密度和液态水含量,将有助于提高短时、临近预报的准确度。 相似文献
8.
郑飒飒 《高原山地气象研究》2019,39(2):82-86
利用MWP967KV型地基微波辐射计和L波段探空资料,采用了平均误差、相关分析、回归分析等统计方法,评估了微波辐射计和L波段探空在降水和无降水时温度、相对湿度、水汽密度的差异,了解地基微波辐射计的性能。研究结果表明:(1)微波辐射计和探空探测温度、相对湿度和水汽密度为显著性的线性相关,两者相对湿度相关性不如温度和水汽密度高,且离散度较大。(2)无降水时,相对湿度和水汽密度平均误差小,有降水时,温度和相对湿度的均方根误差大;在低层时,无降水时温度平均误差小,水汽密度的均方根误差大,中高层时,有降水时温度平均误差小,水汽密度均方根误差大。(3)温度和水汽密度为显著性正相关;相对湿度在有降水时表现为0~2km的显著性正相关和9.25~10km的显著性负相关,无降水时表现为0~8km的显著性正相关。总体来看,微波辐射计能弥补探空时空不足的问题,相对湿度的可信度需要进一步提高,降水对微波辐射计影响较大。 相似文献
9.
利用地基微波辐射计资料,比较了2017年7月成都双流机场的两次雷雨过程,根据天气形势分为"两高切变"和"东高西低"2类,在此基础上分析微波辐射计要素变化特征,结果表明:在垂直方向0～10 km,以相对湿度达到80%来区分干区和湿区,则两次过程前3 h,相对湿度在垂直方向均呈现"上下干、中间湿"三层结构,并早于近地层前2 h达到饱和状态;过程期间相对湿度呈现"上干、下湿"两层结构;过程结束后湿层抬高,低层变干。两次过程水汽含量充沛,保持在70 kg/m~2以上,峰值超过85 kg/m~2。每一次中阵雨发生后水汽含量都会短暂回落,但仍高于过程前的数值,不足2 h后再次发生中阵雨。由0℃线高度变化可知,降水过程中,暖区(温度≥0℃)内相对湿度≥90%;云中液态水含量主要分布于6 km以下,温度在0℃以上的液态水占比很高,故两次过程以暖云降水为主。雷雨前1 h左右有"低层气温上升,0℃层抬升,K指数、CAPE指数也明显增大"的典型特征。降水发生在相对湿度、水汽总含量、云中液态水含量和稳定度指数快速增长的波峰中。 相似文献
10.
《湖北气象》2010,(4)
利用同址GPS无线电探空和GPS气象学(GPS/MET)的观测数据,对微波辐射计反演的气象要素进行了对比分析。与GPS无线电探空结果对比,微波辐射计的温度和水汽密度廓线具有很好的正相关,而微波辐射计相对湿度廓线的正相关系数受到天气的明显影响。微波辐射计和GPS无线电探空的观测结果之间具有系统偏差,该偏差在无降水时较小,而在有降水时较大。这个系统偏差可能与两种探测设备采样方法的差异、微波辐射计反演算法以及降水影响等有关。尤其是降水时,天线罩上形成的液态水将会导致亮温测值的偏高,进而会给反演结果带来较大的系统偏差。降水的影响同样会体现在微波辐射计反演大气整层可降水量上。与GPS无线电探空结果相比,在无降水时,微波辐射计的可降水量偏小,两者的系统偏差在4 mm以内,而在有降水时,微波辐射计的可降水量明显偏大,两者的系统偏差也较大。与GPS/MET的结果相比,微波辐射计的可降水量总体上偏大,在无降水时,微波辐射计的可降水量与GPS/MET的结果具有很好的正相关,两者的系统偏差小于2 mm,而在有降水时,随着雨强的增加,微波辐射计与GPS/MET可降水量之间的相关系数会减小,同时两者的系统偏差会增大。 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
13.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
14.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
15.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
18.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
19.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献