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基于新一代天气雷达三维组网等多源气象数据分析了2009年7月30～31日的一次西南低涡触发的强降水天气过程以及主要降水时段雷达回波三维结构及演变特征,研究发现:(1)西南低涡降水与低涡强度发展存在不一致性,强降水出现在低涡强度达到最强之前;(2)中尺度对流系统的发生、发展是此次低涡降水的重要影响因素,西南低涡与中尺度对流系统既相互独立又相互影响,降水是两者共同作用的结果;(3)最强组合反射率因子同样出现在西南低涡发展到最强盛之前,西南低涡能显著影响盆地内降水雷达回波的强度与类型。 相似文献
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利用GFS的6小时间隔的再分析场、FY-2C卫星云图、加密自动雨量监测、雷达监测等资料,对2011年6月17—18日湖北大暴雨过程进行分析,结果表明:先后两次干线作用是此次大范围大暴雨的重要触发机制。500 hPa槽后干空气的侵入在鄂西南附近先后触发产生4个中尺度云团,槽前有正涡度平流东移与江汉平原南部低涡环流叠加,加强了低涡发展,造成湖北南部强降水发生。西南急流的发展加强与华北高压干冷空气南侵,产生明显干锋生,表现为江汉平原东部相继生成3个中尺度云团。另外,高层高位涡沿等θse锋面产生动量下传,在江汉平原东部暴雨区形成一个垂直高值涡度柱,北侧干冷空气向南向下侵入,形成次级环流,为持续性强降水提供动力上升条件;地面图上有3支气流汇合加强,气流汇合中心与强降水中心吻合较好,是降水天气的主要触发条件。 相似文献
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从大气加热角度分析了发生于2014年10月27~28日的一次非典型西南低涡生成、发展过程及其降水特征,揭示了西南低涡和降水系统之间的相互关系。得到以下结论:(1)西南低涡发生之前的降水使得降水区空气的非绝热加热率随高度不断增加从而促进了此次西南低涡的生成;(2)此次西南低涡的降水主要以对流性降水为主,降水大值中心位于涡心的偏东侧;(3)强盛期的西南低涡伴随有次级环流,次级环流既促进了低涡的进一步发展,又有利于触发涡心东侧的对流从而引发强降水。 相似文献
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干侵入对陕西“2008.07.21”暴雨过程的影响分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,分析了2008年7月21日发生在陕西西南部一次暴雨过程的大尺度环流背景和水汽条件,运用相对湿度、风矢量、湿位涡和垂直涡度等多种物理量场,研究了该暴雨过程中干侵入的机制和特征,以及对暴雨发生、发展和维持的影响.结果表明,此次强降水过程是在高空槽和低空气旋的有利形势下产生的.水汽主要来源于孟加拉湾,持续的高层辐散、低层辐合的环流配置保证了低层源源不断的水汽辐合并抬升凝结,有利于转化为降水.受高空低槽发展东移的影响,干侵入在垂直层次上表现为由对流层中高层向低层的注入,水平方向上主要表现为由西向东的侵入,其中在103°E以西地区存在较强的下沉运动是干侵入的载体.应用湿位涡与倾斜涡度发展理论分析表明,当对流层中高层具有高值位涡的干空气侵入到低层时,由于湿位涡守恒特性,引起倾斜涡度发展,进而导致低层垂直涡度的急剧发展,有利于上升运动将水汽向上层输送,冷暖空气相遇,产生此次暴雨过程. 相似文献
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利用ERA-interim再分析资料和国家自动站观测资料,分析了四川盆地2020年8月10日~14日一次持续性强降水过程的特征及成因。结果表明:天气尺度系统的有效配合给此次暴雨过程提供了有利的环流背景,在冷空气及西南水汽的汇聚下,触发此次持续性强降水,整个过程可分为4个阶段,降水带自盆地西部向东移动;各暴雨区在强降水时刻,低层正涡度、负散度的强辐合,高层负涡度、正散度的强辐散抽吸作用均利于大气的上升运动,给持续强降水提供动力条件;相较于第二、三阶段,第一、四阶段的涡度、散度及垂直速度数值明显偏小,使得累计降水量偏少;各阶段降水过程的强降水中心、水汽辐合、上升运动区均位于中、低层低值系统（高原低涡、西南低涡、切变线）的东南侧;第二阶段降水过程中较强的水汽辐合及整层大气一致且极强的上升运动将水汽抬升输送至对流层中高层,导致该阶段累计降水量最大。 相似文献
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利用MICAPS常规观测资料、FY2E卫星云图资料、fnl 1°×1°资料和三峡梯级调度自动化降水资料对2016年6月30日长江上游流域的暴雨过程进行分析。结果表明:在有利的大尺度环流背景配合下,产生此次强降水过程的主要影响系统是西南涡和低空急流,副热带高压和大陆高压的稳定维持使得西南涡移动缓慢,低空急流的加强使得西南涡加强,从而造成大范围的暴雨;本次过程地面没有冷空气触发,是一次在西南低空急流中出现的暖区强降水过程;高空分流区增强了高层辐散抽吸作用,使得西南涡不断发展加强。 相似文献
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以2009年7月17—18日一次山东特大暴雨为研究对象,利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、FY-2C卫星水汽资料及常规气象观测资料,通过数字化卫星水汽图像与大气动力场相结合的方式,揭示干侵入在本次暴雨过程中的特征及其对暴雨发生、发展的作用机制。结果表明,此次强降水过程是在高空槽和低层低涡切变的有利形势下产生的。暴雨过程与干侵入密切相关,干侵入在对流层中高层随高度向东倾斜,强降水出现在干侵入前沿湿度梯度最大值处的湿区一侧。卫星水汽图像干侵入暗区与对应着350hPa位涡高值区、干冷区。与干侵入相伴随的高位涡下传,使低层气旋性涡度加强,气旋发展。高层干冷空气下传有利于干层的形成和维持,干层的存在加强了暴雨过程的对流不稳定,对暴雨的加强和发展起重要作用。 相似文献
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利用NCEP/NCAR1°×1°再分析资料、FY-2C卫星资料及常规气象观测资料,对一次典型东北冷涡暴雨过程中干侵入特征及其对东北冷涡暴雨发生发展的作用机制进行分析。结果表明,干侵入在卫星水汽图像上明显,为暗区,该暗区与大气动力场有较好的配置,与350hPa位涡高值区分布一致;干侵入区是高位涡和低湿的重叠区,干侵入前沿为降水落区,表明了干侵入与强降水落区存在密切联系;对流层高层低湿、高位涡的冷空气下传有利于冷涡暴雨的发生发展,暴雨强度随着干侵入强度增强而增大。同时冷平流效应非常重要,其对干侵入强度指数的变化起到主要作用。 相似文献
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利用常规气象观测资料和NCEP 1°×1°间隔6 h再分析资料,采用天气学诊断分析方法,对2012年4月23-24日河南省一次春季暴雨的形成机制进行分析,结果表明:高纬冷空气沿贝加尔湖低涡后部偏北气流南下,在河套西部形成深厚低槽,低槽携带冷空气东移,在河南境内与强盛的西南急流汇合,是本次暴雨过程的天气背景。冷空气的侵入有利于西南涡的加强,而南支槽前的正涡度平流促使西南低涡沿切变线向东北方向移出,使得切变线南侧西南低空急流加强,为暴雨的发生提供了有利的动力与水汽条件。短时强降水发生前,低层能量场出现明显辐合,当低层能量场转为辐散时,能量释放,有利于短时强降水的出现。高层辐散、低空辐合的动力条件配置,使得大范围垂直上升运动加强,特别是高层散度场的下伸,利于降水释放潜热,增加大气的不稳定,进而利于强降水的发生。850 h Pa垂直螺旋度中心大值区域能很好地反映切变线、急流等与低涡相联系的天气系统,其中心强度的迅速变化能较好地指示降水的落区和强度。 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献