共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
我国南北方气温和降水气候态变化特征及其对气候检测结果的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用1961-2012年中国区域1353个站的年平均气温和年降水资料,分析南方和北方4种气候态的变化特征,并探索气候态的改变对南方和北方气候检测的影响。结果表明：气候变暖对气候态的影响较为明显,气候态的改变会使得南北方气候分析结果发生改变。北方近52年来年平均气温的升温趋势较明显,南方升温趋势较弱,南北方在I态、II态和III态下的年平均气温均呈现一致的增加趋势,但北方比南方升温更快。南北方年降水量的历年变化差异较大,北方年降水量呈现弱的“降-升-降-升”变化趋势,南方年降水量的历年变化较大,多项式趋势线呈“2峰3谷”。气候态的改变使得北方和南方的气温和降水等级均向着高等级移动,北方气温等级的变化受气候态的影响比南方更明显。 相似文献
2.
《高原气象》2015,(6)
利用1961-2012年中国2000多个气象站气温、降水量资料,对1971-2000年、1981-2010年气候态与气候标准态进行了对比,分析了不同气候态下气象要素的基本特征,并运用气候评价等级指标和极值标准对中国历年基本气象要素数据进行了定量分析。结果表明:(1)1971-2000年、1981-2010年所描述的气候态与气候标准态相比,分别表现为略偏高和略偏低,由此对气候分析和评价产生减轻或加重的影响;(2)不同气候态下,气温等级中异常偏冷的频率均增大,异常偏热的频率有所不同;(3)在分析中国同时期同类要素极端高值出现概率时,采用不同气候态分析的结果出现了截然相反的变化,然而在分析气象要素极端低值概率时则一致出现概率增多现象,1981-2010年气候态的增多现象更为明显。 相似文献
3.
利用1960—2004年广西4月37个基本站降水量,NCEP/NCAR 1960—2004年逐日500 hPa再分析资料,对广西及邻近区域(10°~30°N,95°~125°E)高度场进行车比雪夫多项式展开,分析了广西4月异常多雨及少雨年降水量与车比雪夫多项式系数的关系及其降水异常的成因;利用相似合成方法对相关较大的车比雪夫多项式因子进行预测,进而作出广西4月降水量多、少的趋势预测,为有效利用近期逐日环流场资料制作短期降水气候预测提供了新的思路和方法。 相似文献
4.
章是包头市气候区划的部分内容，对产量预报业务有参考价值，其主要结论有：1．解放后粮食单产大体经历了5个阶段。2．气候变暖有利于粮食增产。3．气候变化对产量的贡献约占总产量的8％左右。4．夏季降水量每增加(减少)10mm，可以增产(减产)22．5kg／hm^2左右粮食。 相似文献
5.
湛江降水量的径向基神经网络预测模型 总被引：1，自引：7，他引：1
以湛江地区50年来的月降水量为时间序列，利用高斯径向基函数，选择输人窗口（时滞）大小为6,建立了一种智能型的径向基函数神经网络预测系统，并分别对1991—2000年和2001-2003年的月降水量进行了测试预报和独立样本预测。结果显示，该模型预测效果明显优于传统的线性自回归预测模型，各月平均的平均绝对误差（MAE）和均方误差（RMSE）达到41．8和55．7。虽然该模型对降水量的预报还存在量级偏小的系统性偏差，但它完全有可能为本地区短期气候预测提供一种客观、自动的业务预报方法。 相似文献
6.
介绍了最优气候均态法与最优气候相似法这两种短期气候预测方法,并运用这两种预报方法对江门市2003~2006年12月份降水量进行了预报应用,得出了一些结论。 相似文献
7.
介绍了最优气候均态法与最优气候相似法这两种短期气候预测方法,并运用这两种预报方法对江门市2003-2006年12月份降水量进行了预报应用,得出了一些结论。 相似文献
8.
选取参与东北地区短期气候预测业务质量评估的53个气象站的月平均气温、降水资料,NCEP/NCAR再分析的月平均500 hPa位势高度场资料,以及由NOAA重构的海温场资料,对比了新、旧气候平均态下,冬、夏季东北地区气温、降水及全球500 hPa位势高度场及海温场差异, 并分析了气候平均值改变对气候变化、影响评价和预测业务的影响。结果表明：就东北大部分地区而言,新气候态（1981-2010年）表征的气候较旧气候态（1971-2000年）更暖湿;新气候态的全球500 hPa位势高度值和海温值较旧气候态均有所增大;新气候态下东亚大槽强度和西伯利亚高压强度变弱是造成东北冬季气温升高的主要原因;西太副高和鄂霍次克海阻塞高压强度增强,是造成东北地区大部分月份降水量增加的主要原因;而东北冷涡强度减弱是造成东北地区6月降水量减少的主要原因;9月和10月降水量减少可能与海温的变化有关。气候平均值的改变会对气候业务产生影响,如需对冷冬事件和ENSO事件重新评估,对极端事件重新分析,及对要素预报量级和趋势产生影响。 相似文献
9.
1998年大同市农业大丰收的气象条件分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
１９９８年大同市农业获得大丰收,全市粮食总产量达到７５万吨左右,比去年增产４２６％,是历史上仅次于１９９６年的第二个丰收年。分析农业大丰收的气象条件对发展农业生产具有重要意义。１１９９８年气候特点１．１降水量前期多,后期少１９９８年我市的气候极其异... 相似文献
10.
中国21世纪气候变化的情景模拟分析 总被引：33，自引：3，他引：33
许吟隆 《南京气象学院学报》2005,28(3):323-329
利用HadCM2和ECHAM4气候模式比较分析了温室气体排放综合效果相当于CO2浓度逐年递增1％情景下中国区域21世纪地面气温和降水量的变化趋势。结果表明：在温室气体渐进递增情景下，至21世纪末期，相对于1961-1990年的气候基准值，全国地面平均气温增幅可达5—6℃。与地面气温的变化相比，降水量的波动幅度较大，但全国范围内降水量变化的总趋势也是增加的。中国区域地面气温和降水量变化的地理分布显示：降水量的增加主要集中在南方区域，HadCM2预测21世纪末期降水增加可达0．9mm／d，ECHAM4预测可达0．6mm／d；ECHAM4模式模拟的气温增幅比HadCM2高，尤其是在冬季及中国北方和青藏高原地区，而HadCM2模式模拟的降水量的增加较大，但两个气候模式模拟的地面气温和降水量变化的总趋势大体一致。 相似文献
11.
STUDY ON THE MAIN CLIMATE MODES OF SHANDONG PRECIPITATION AND THEIR RELATIONS WITH THE EAST ASIAN WESTERLY JET 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Summer precipitation patterns of Shandong Province are relatively independent with regard to the whole eastern China region.To study the rules and causes of precipitation variations,three main climate modes-on the annual,seasonal,and climatic intra-seasonal oscillation(CISO) scales-are extracted using a harmonic analysis method based on daily precipitation of Shandong during 1965-2009 and multi-year averaged pentad precipitation at 722 stations in China during 1971-2000.Among the three precipitation climate modes,the annual mode is closely related to the annual cycle of Earth-Atmosphere thermal system,which is characterized by the periodic dry and wet seasons.The seasonal mode reflects the monsoon effect on precipitation and the main flood season’s contribution to annual precipitation variations.As an important climatic signal,the CISO mode is more evident during summer monsoon.The gradual modulations of the CISO mode,seasonal mode,and annual mode control the annual variation of precipitation.To study the relationship between precipitation climate modes and atmospheric circulations,an East Asian Westerly Jet Index(EAWJI) is defined in this paper.It is revealed that precipitation of Shandong is closely related to EAWJI in all climate modes.A wet or dry phase of each climate mode corresponds to a specific atmospheric circulation pattern.The phase of the annual mode is reverse to that of EAWJI.During the wet phase of the seasonal mode(weak phase of EAWJI),the atmospheric circulation in and around Shandong is characterized by upper-level divergence and low-level convergence.A reversed atmospheric circulation exists for the dry phase(strong phase for EAWJI).In the summer wet phase of CISO mode(strong phase of EAWJI),Shandong is controlled by upper-level divergence and low-level convergence.Again,the dry phase is corresponding to a reversed circulation structure.The methodology employed in this research,i.e.studying the precipitation climatic variations in terms of independent components of different temporal scales,provides a new approach for annual and seasonal precipitation prediction. 相似文献
12.
EXTRA-SEASONAL PREDICTIONS OF SUMMER RAINFALL IN CHINA AND ENSO IN 2001 BY CLIMATE MODELS 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
China is a monsoon country.The most rainfalls in China concentrate on the summer seasons.More frequent floods or droughts occur in some parts of China.Therefore,the prediction ofsummer rainfall in China is a significant issue.As we know,the obvious impacts of the sea surfacetemperature anomalies(SSTA)on the summer rainfall over China have been noticed.Thepredictions of the SSTA have been involved in the research.The key project on short-term climate modeling prediction system has been finished in 2000.The system included an atmospheric general circulation model named AGCM95,a coupledatmospheric-oceanic general circulation model named AOGCM95,a regional climate model overChina named RegCM95,a high-resolution Indian-Pacific OGCM named IPOGCM95,and asimplified atmosphere-ocean dynamic model system named SAOMS95.They became theoperational prediction models of National Climate Center(NCC).Extra-seasonal predictions in 2001 have been conducted by several climate models,which werethe AGCM95,AOGCM95,RegCM95,IPOGCM95,AIPOGCM95,OSU/NCC,SAOMS95,IAPAPOGCM and CAMS/ZS.All of those models predicted the summer precipitation over China and/or the annual SSTA over the tropical Pacific Ocean in the Modeling Prediction Workshop held inMarch 2001.The assessments have shown that the most models predicted the distributions of main rain beltover Huanan and parts of Jiangnan and droughts over Huabei-Hetao and Huaihe River Valleyreasonably.The most models predicted successfully that a weaker cold phase of the SSTA over thecentral and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean would continue in 2001.The evaluations of extra-seasonal predictions have also indicated that the models had a certaincapability of predicting the SSTA over the tropical Pacific Ocean and the summer rainfall overChina.The assessment also showed that multi-model ensemble(super ensembles)predictionsprovided the better forecasts for both SSTA and summer rainfall in 2001,compared with the singlemodel.It is a preliminary assessment for the extra-seasonal predictions by the climate models.Thefurther investigations will be carried out.The model system should be developed and improved. 相似文献
13.
EXTRA-SEASONAL PREDICTIONS OF SUMMER RAINFALL IN CHINA AND ENSO IN 2001 BY CLIMATE MODELS* 
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下载免费PDF全文 China is a monsoon country.The most rainfalls in China concentrate on the summer seasons.More frequent floods or droughts occur in some parts of China.Therefore,the prediction of summer rainfall in China is a significant issue.As we know,the obvious impacts of the sea surface temperature anomalies(SSTA)on the summer rainfall over China have been noticed.The predictions of the SSTA have been involved in the research.The key project on short-term climate modeling prediction system has been finished in 2000.The system included an atmospheric general circulation model named AGCM95,a coupled atmospheric-oceanic general circulation model named AOGCM95,a regional climate model over China named RegCM95,a high-resolution Indian-Pacific OGCM named IPOGCM95,and a simplified atmosphere-ocean dynamic model system named SAOMS95.They became the operational prediction models of National Climate Center(NCC).Extra-seasonal predictions in 2001 have been conducted by several climate models,which were the AGCM95,AOGCM95,RegCM95,IPOGCM95,AIPOGCM95,OSU/NCC,SAOMS95,IAP APOGCM and CAMS/ZS.All of those models predicted the summer precipitation over China and/or the annual SSTA over the tropical Pacific Ocean in the Modeling Prediction Workshop held in March 2001.The assessments have shown that the most models predicted the distributions of main rain belt over Huanan and parts of Jiangnan and droughts over Huabei-Hetao and Huaihe River Valley reasonably.The most models predicted successfully that a weaker cold phase of the SSTA over the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean would continue in 2001.The evaluations of extra-seasonal predictions have also indicated that the models had a certain capability of predicting the SSTA over the tropical Pacific Ocean and the summer rainfall over China.The assessment also showed that multi-model ensemble(super ensembles)predictions provided the better forecasts for both SSTA and summer rainfall in 2001,compared with the single model.It is a preliminary assessment for the extra-seasonal predictions by the climate models.The further investigations will be carried out.The model system should be developed and improved. 相似文献
14.
MM5对末次盛冰期中国气候的模拟研究Ⅱ:海陆分布、植被和大尺度环流背景变化的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用全球模式CCM3嵌套区域模式MM5的方法研究了末次盛冰期海陆分布、植被和大尺度环流背景场变化对末次盛冰期气候变化的作用。模式结果表明:与现代相比,末次盛冰期东亚地区海陆分布发生的变化造成这一地区冬季减温,夏季增温,这个变化对中国东部近海地区的温度和降水产生明显的影响,尤其是对降水的影响。它使得中国东部地区降水减少,由此造成的降水减少占末次盛冰期降水减少的25%—50%。海陆分布的变化对内陆和中国西部地区影响很小。末次盛冰期中国东部地区植被发生了明显的变化,温带和寒带植物南移,热带植物的覆盖范围减少。中国东部地区植被的巨大变化对温度产生了影响,使该地区冬季增温,夏季减温,年平均温度变化不大。末次盛冰期全球气候发生巨大的变化,即大尺度环流背景场变化。它使得中国地区的温度和降水产生显著变化,这个变化造成中国地区温度降低,并且决定了温度变化的主要分布和变化特征,东北地区是中国末次盛冰期降温最大的地区,青藏高原的降温超过同纬度的东部地区等。同时,大尺度背景场的变化还控制着降水的变化,末次盛冰期中国西部地区和东北地区降水的变化几乎完全是背景场变化引起的,其对华北和华东地区降水的影响大约为50%—75%。综合我们研究的影响末次盛冰期中国地区气候变化的因子,按影响程度由大到小排序为:大尺度环流背景场、海陆分布变化、植被变化、CO2浓度变化和地球轨道参数变化。 相似文献
15.
Based on RegCM4, a climate model system, we simulated the distribution of the present climate (1961-1990) and the future climate (2010-2099), under emission scenarios of RCPs over the whole Pearl River Basin. From the climate parameters, a set of mean precipitation, wet day frequency, and mean wet day intensity and several precipitation percentiles are used to assess the expected changes in daily precipitation characteristics for the 21st century. Meanwhile the return values of precipitation intensity with an average return of 5, 10, 20, and 50 years are also used to assess the expected changes in precipitation extremes events in this study. The structure of the change across the precipitation distribution is very coherent between RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. The annual, spring and winter average precipitation decreases while the summer and autumn average precipitation increases. The basic diagnostics of precipitation show that the frequency of precipitation is projected to decrease but the intensity is projected to increase. The wet day percentiles (q90 and q95) also increase, indicating that precipitation extremes intensity will increase in the future. Meanwhile, the 5-year return value tends to increase by 30%-45% in the basins of Liujiang River, Red Water River, Guihe River and Pearl River Delta region, where the 5-year return value of future climate corresponds to the 8- to 10-year return value of the present climate, and the 50-year return value corresponds to the 100-year return value of the present climate over the Pearl River Delta region in the 2080s under RCP8.5, which indicates that the warming environment will give rise to changes in the intensity and frequency of extreme precipitation events. 相似文献
16.
全球海气耦合模式对中国区域年代际气候变化预测能力的评估 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
利用4个海气耦合模式对1960～2005年的多年代际回报结果,评估模式对中国区域年代际气候变化(温度和降水)的预测潜力,并初步给出2005～2015年的气候预测结果。与CMIP3多模式集合1960～2000年结果以及观测实况比较的结果表明:融入观测资料进行同化的年代际气候预测模式,对中国区域温度和降水的模拟能力总体好于CMIP3模式。年代际气候预测模式对温度气候场的模拟仍以"冷偏差"为主,但较之CMIP3模式已有显著改进,中国区域平均的冷偏差减少1.3°C;对降水气候场的模拟仍以"湿偏差"为主,但在华南沿海和西北内陆降水的模拟能力优于CMIP3模式,中国区域平均的湿偏差降低了20%。年代际模式和CMIP3模式都能较好地模拟出中国区域尤其是北方20世纪后期的增暖信号;但CMIP3模式对20世纪后期中国东部降水的旱涝结构演变的模拟与观测相反;而年代际气候预测模式未能再现华北偏旱的变化,但能成功地模拟江淮流域和华南沿海的旱涝演变。2005～2015年的10年预测表明中国区域将继续增暖0.3～0.7°C,且增温幅度北方大于南方,增幅中心位于西北内陆和青藏高原;而降水的变化趋势不显著,黄淮地区、西北内陆和青藏高原的降水略有增加,而西南地区降水将减少。但需要指出的是,这种预测的不确定性是相当大的。 相似文献
17.
By using of an ensemble method,the tests of rainfall for the predictions of the seasonal,interseasonal and annual scales in China during 1982-1995 have been made by the atmospheric GCM/mixed layer ocean and ice model(OSU/NCC).Contrasts between forecasts by the OSU/NCC and the observations show that the model has a certain ability in the prediction of precipitation for summer over China in all of the three different time scales.And it indicates that the interseasonal prediction is the best among the forecasts of three scales.It is also indicated that the prediction is especially acceptable in certain areas. 相似文献
18.
Based on integrated simulations of 26 global climate models provided by the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project(CMIP), this study predicts changes in temperature and precipitation across China in the 21 st century under different representative concentration pathways(RCPs), and analyzes uncertainties of the predictions using Taylor diagrams. Results show that increases of average annual temperature in China using three RCPs(RCP2.6, RCP4.5,RCP8.5) are 1.87 ℃, 2.88 ℃ and 5.51 ℃, respectively. Increases in average annual precipitation are 0.124, 0.214, and 0.323 mm/day, respectively. The increased temperature and precipitation in the 21 st century are mainly contributed by the Tibetan Plateau and Northeast China. Uncertainty analysis shows that most CMIP5 models could predict temperature well, but had a relatively large deviation in predicting precipitation in China in the 21 st century. Deviation analysis shows that more than 80% of the area of China had stronger signals than noise for temperature prediction;however, the area proportion that had meaningful signals for precipitation prediction was less than 20%. Thus, the multi-model ensemble was more reliable in predicting temperature than precipitation because of large uncertainties of precipitation. 相似文献
19.
主要概述了中国科学院大气物理研究所近些年来在气候动力学与气候预测理论研究领域的若干重要研究进展.通过对气候系统变化多尺度特征及其动力学的分析和研究,提出了一系列气候系统动力学理论,并在此基础上提出了适合于我国季风气候特点的气候预测理论和方法,在国际上率先开展了跨季度数值气候预测,进一步建立了先进、完善的短期数值气候预测系统,并应用于我国夏季旱涝预测业务.这些工作既带有极大的基础性意义,同时也具有巨大的应用价值,为我国大气科学及气候科学乃至环境科学的研究提供了重要工具. 相似文献