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1.
基于中尺度气象模式,采用次网格地形方案模拟了2019年3月19~20日四川、云南交界处白鹤滩水电站的一次大风过程,对10 m风速、风向和2 m温度空间分布及日变化的模拟结果进行检验评估,并结合地形分析了坝区易产生大风的原因。结果表明:此次西南大风天气是由高低空一致的西南气流配合地面“东高西低”的环流形势共同造成的。午后热低压发展强盛,地面风速增大,坝区出现8级大风。采用次网格地形方案后,风速的平均绝对误差和均方根误差最高可分别减小17%和14%,同时该方案有效地缓解了模式对白天风速的低估和夜间风速的高估,在大风和小风时段均对风速有较好的模拟能力,从而能更好地刻画风速的日变化特征。综合来看,次网格地形方案能显著改善风场的模拟效果,其中Jiménez方案更适用于坝区大风的模拟,但次网格地形方案对温度模拟没有改善作用。白鹤滩水电站的大风受局地地形影响极大,南北向狭长河谷地形产生的狭管效应使气流增速显著,坝区主体高度区河谷风的放大系数超过3.0,使得白鹤滩水电站极易出现灾害性大风天气。 相似文献
2.
大尺度环流背景和天山山脉大地形共同作用形成新疆百里风区，其风力之大居全疆九大风区之首。为进一步研究百里风区强风中尺度特征及其与局地地形的关系，选取2018年5月6—8日百里风区强风天气过程，使用WRF模式进行中尺度模拟分析，形成以下结论：天山两侧气压梯度力驱动下冷空气翻越天山，经色皮山口狭管效应和过山波水跃下沉接力加速，在背风坡上空形成强风区，强风区接地形成百里风区地面大风；大风过程中，七角井盆地地形强迫引发有限振幅重力波，背风坡上空大风区之上的临界层吸收上层能量并向下传递，增大了大风区的风速，使得低空大风区的接地更加充分。低空大气稳定层结的强度与大风强度相对应。 相似文献
3.
一次春季冷锋过境引起的大风天气分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用常规探测资料、地面加密观测资料及NCEP再分析资料,对2009年4月15日新乡罕见大风天气的天气形势及物理量场特征进行了诊断分析。结果表明:西伯利亚强冷空气南下与华北低压发展共同造成的强气压梯度、高低空强的冷平流是造成此次强风的主要原因;地面冷锋前的上升运动与高空急流入口区次级环流上升气流的叠加,为深对流发展提供了深厚的垂直环流发展条件;高空西风急流配合适合的垂直环流,产生动量下传,是超出一般强度的冷空气大风产生的原因;ECMWF和T639数值预报产品均成功地预报出了此次强风过程。 相似文献
4.
重庆“5.6”强风雹天气过程成因分析 总被引：8，自引：4，他引：8
利用常规观测、NCEP分析场及雷达、自动站等资料对重庆＂5.6＂强风雹天气的成因进行了分析,结果表明：冷锋和副热带高空急流在风雹发生地近乎重叠的配置结构促进了次级环流的形成并有利于上升运动的强烈发展;风暴天气发生前,下垫面强烈加热、低层增温增湿、中高层干冷对大气对流不稳定性增强的作用显著;对流有效位能（CAPE）、K指数、SI指数高值区边缘的强指数梯度区、对流抑制（CIN）的小值区以及较强的垂直风切变对大风冰雹的预报有重要的指示意义;雷达回波显示多单体风暴具有三体散射、弱回波区等冰雹回波特征,中层径向辐合和反射率因子核心的反复上升下降也是形成地面大风和冰雹的重要特征;四川盆地东部东北西南向山脉对冷空气的移动有阻挡作用,山脉之间的槽状地形为多单体风暴的持续发展保留了较大的空间,明月山南麓的地形起到了强迫抬升和触发的作用,由于地形的阻挡形成狭管效应,加强了下击暴流形成的地面大风,是形成11级大风的重要因素。 相似文献
5.
2001年兰州地区春季沙尘暴天气的对比分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
2 0 0 1年 4月 ,兰州地区连续出现了两次区域性强沙尘暴天气。文中从天气概况、气候背景、地面和高空环流形势等方面 ,对两次沙尘暴天气进行了分析。结果表明 ,两次沙尘暴天气过程是在同样的大尺度环流背景下产生的 ,都是由冷锋后偏北大风引起的。但由于造成两次沙尘暴天气的冷空气强度、锋区南压程度、冷空气移动路径等不同 ,因此造成两次沙尘暴天气影响范围、强度也有所不同。同时 ,兰州地区 2 0 0 1年冬季气温异常偏高 ,春季降水偏少以及本地区特殊的地理、地形环境 ,加剧了大风、沙尘暴的出现频次和强度。通过分析 ,初步总结出了此类天气的预报思路和要点。 相似文献
6.
宋敬东 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2005,28(Z1):31-32
2005年8月5～7日和田地区出现了一次大降水过程,本文着重分析了此次天气过程高空、地面环流形势、欧洲数值预报以及物理量场、比湿、水汽通量、水汽通量散度、垂直速度、散度变化情况等. 相似文献
7.
一次春季冷锋过境引起的大风天气分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文通过对大兴安岭地区春季由于一次冷锋过境产生的大风天气分析,总结出了本次大风天气过程中的日变化特征、引起大风天气的高空和地面环流形势特点,影响系统以及一些具有指示意义的气象要素和数值预报物理量要素场特点,得出一些对今后在大风天气预报预警工作中具有指导意义的结论。 相似文献
8.
南海南部海区的强风和大风特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
强风和大风天气在南海南部海区出现较频繁，据1984年起综合考察及永暑礁站等周边站资料分析，天气过程的持续时间差异；冬、夏季风盛行期间常出现强风和大风天气过程；热带云团对流易产生强风和大风天气；邻近海区热带气旋环流等天气系统对海区内风力增强起重要作用。 相似文献
9.
胡翠珍 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2005,28(Z1):38-41
利用T213的各时次500hPa高空形势场和海平面气压场及其850hPa温度、相对湿度、水汽通量散度、uv风场预报对2003年4月中旬寒潮天气进行了检验.结果表明,该产品对环流形势预报和调整可信度高,并且对冷空气发生的起止时间、强度及其相应的强沙尘、降水时段和降水的落区都具有较强的预报能力. 相似文献
10.
利用Micaps高空和地面资料、新一代天气雷达、卫星云图、地面中尺度自动站观测资料及NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料,对广西东南部2018年5月10日暴雨过程的环流形势、环境场、中尺度对流系统特征及其可预报性进行分析。结果表明:此次桂东南暴雨过程的高层辐散条件不明显,但中低层环流形势有利、具有高压后部"回流"降水的典型特征。配合超低空东南气流加强,导致局地暴雨增幅明显。地面中尺度辐合线的长期稳定维持及地形抬升作用使得降水系统在陆川、博白一带不断发展和维持,雷达回波上形成"列车"效应,造成暴雨天气。全球数值模式ECMWF对天气尺度背景把握较好,GRAPES、华东模式等中尺度模式能够提供类似系统形成、发展的有价值的参考信息。通过中尺度模式产品发现暴雨天气过程前兆,及时根据最新实况观测资料和模式偏差分析对全球模式预报结论进行订正,同时注意叠加局地地形地貌特征信息辅助短时临近预报订正,是提高类似较强过程预报的可行做法。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
13.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
14.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
15.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
16.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
17.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
18.
Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings 
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下载免费PDF全文 正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang; 相似文献