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《气象科技》1981,(Z3)
日本气象研究所成立于1946年,其前身为中央气象台研究部。原设在东京,近年迁到茨城县筑波研究学园城。所内设预报、台风、物理气象、应用气象、气象卫星、地震、海洋、高层物理、地球化学等9个研究部,每个研究部下设2～4个研究室。另外有一个总务部和一个由所长直辖的计划室,计划室是1972年增设的。气象研究所编制最多的年代是1948年,曾达235人,其中研究人员160人、辅助技术人员38人,行政人员37人。1949～1958年为217人,以后逐年减少,1974年为187人,其中研究人员141人,辅助技术人员较前大大减少,只有4人。但研究经费从1956年以后是逐年增加的,从1963年开 相似文献
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殷大寿 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》1990,(7)
由新疆气象科学研究所、新疆气象学会联合举办的“中美树木年轮学术研讨会”于7月6日-7日在乌鲁木齐举行.这是中美双方就树木年轮气候研究领域进行的首次研讨活动.中国科学院地理研究所、国家气象局气科院、新疆气象科研所和美国亚利桑那大学年轮实验室的有关专家学者在研讨会上作了范围广泛的学术交流和研讨.自治区科委、水利厅、地震局、新疆气象业务中心等单位的科研技术人员近50人参加了研讨会.新疆气象科研所副所长蔡承侠致开幕词.他 相似文献
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数值天气预报标准化检验方法 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
一、前言 10年前世界气象组织(WMO)按照大气科学委员会(CAS)天气预报研究工作组的建议,要求各制作业务数值预报的气象中心参加“1979FGGE年日常业务分析预报资料的研究和对比”工作。这项工作的主要任务是对比各气象中心的数值预报结果。同时,由于发起人是芬兰气象研究所的Rauno Niemimen,而任命该研究所的Antti Lan 相似文献
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<正>1934年9月10日气象研究所登报为第3届气象练习班招生。23日考试,28日揭榜,共录正取40人、备取10人。10月3日在气象研究所图书馆举行了开学典礼。上课地点在成贤街文德里中国科学社生物研究所二楼教室。学员除了我们35人(开学报到的正取生32人、补充报到的备取生3人)外,还有从江苏、湖南、福建、陕西、四川、浙江、云南等省保送的学员13人(陈学溶,2012)。在气象研究所开办的第3届练习班上,竺可桢 相似文献
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苏联近代概率统计天气预报方法是从五十年代后期开始逐渐发展起来的。但是,在六十年代前期对概率统计预报方法进行比较系统研究的还只限于当时的中央预报研究所预报技术方法改进处。到了六十年代中期这方面的某些成果投入业务使用。同时,在地球物理观象总台动力气象处和南北极研究所动力气象处先后开展了物理统计学中长期天气预报方法的研究,并分别结合苏联欧洲南部和中亚干旱地区以及北极地区的天气预报业务进行试用。到了六十年代后期和七十年代初期一些加盟共和国的水文气象研究所也相继开展了统计预报方法的研究。在六十年代初期水文气象院校在加强概率论与数理统计方法教学的基础上,增 相似文献
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气象记录档案是记载气象要素、天气气候状况的重要物证,是开展各项气象工作的基础和依据,凝聚着几代气象人的辛勤劳动和无私奉献。它在经济社会发展中具有重要的、不可替代的作用,是国家的宝贵财富。1气象记录档案移交的背景伊犁州气象局有10个所属台站,其中1个国家基准站、1个国家基本站、8个一般气候站。2005年,新疆气象局将伊犁州作为气象记录档案收缴的试点单位之一。为保证气象记录档案的顺利移交,新疆气象档案馆的业务技术人员专程赴伊犁州气象局,调研气象记录档案现状,并对气象记录档案整理进行了现场培训。2气象记录档案的整理2.1气… 相似文献
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我们随中国气象考察团于1991年11月10日至17日考察了日本气象厅、气象研究所等单位,现将日本气象研究所的研究工作综述如下。日本的气象研究工作主要由气象厅的气象研究所承担。根据气象业务要求和社会需要进行气象、水象、地象等研究及其有关的国际合作研究。气象研究所的前身是1942 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献