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东北地区月平均大气环流型与哈尔滨-气候关系的初步研究 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
利用基于英国Lamb(1950年)发展的大气环流分型方法的Jenkinson(1977年)法对东北地区1951—2002年的月平均海平面气压场(MSLP)进行环流分型。由月平均海平面气压场算出6个环流指数,并由此划分出27种环流类型,分析了其中出现频率最高的5种主要环流类型(N,NW,C,CSW,SW)在不同时间尺度下的变化规律及它们与哈尔滨月平均温度的关系,利用逐步回归方法得到了温度距平的拟合曲线。给出了各种环流类型的月平均降水量和与哈尔滨降水密切相关的C,CSW和SW 3种环流类型对应的平均海平面气压合成图。结果表明:哈尔滨冬季以N,NW型为主,夏季以C,CSW和SW型为主。出现N和NW型时气温偏低,降水偏少;而出现C,CSW和SW型时气温较高,降水偏多。用6个环流指数中的地转风V和大尺度平均温度t可以建立其与温度距平之间的一个统计模式,利用此模式,能解释哈尔滨1951—2002年温度变化方差的77.3%。C,CSW和SW 3种环流类型为哈尔滨的主要降水类型,C型与哈尔滨总降水的相关关系很好,并且近20年来哈尔滨主要以C型降水为主。这种研究大尺度大气环流与区域气候变量—温度、降水之间关系的方法是一种统计降尺度(statistical downscaling)方法,可以用于区域气候预测。 相似文献
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利用Lamb-Jenkinson大气环流分型方法, 将1951—2004年逐日的海平面气压场分型, 得到27种不同的环流型, 研究了大气环流型与我国东北地区降水的关系。给出了8种出现频率最高的主要环流型出现的规律及它们平均的环流形势, 分析了8种主要环流型下东北地区降水异常分布状况, 并选出东北地区资料齐全、有代表性的9个站点进行了深入细致地分析, 成功地建立了降水与环流型出现频率的统计关系, 并用此重建了9个代表站54年的降水序列。结果表明:Lamb-Jenkinson大气环流分型方法可以很好地应用于我国东北地区, 由此划分的环流型符合实际情况; 8种主要环流型与降水的空间分布特征有很好的对应关系; 所建立的9个代表站降水距平回归方程能够解释近54年各站的大部分降水变化, 进一步证明了东北地区降水与大气环流之间的密切关系。 相似文献
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In this study, regional patterns of precipitation in Marmara are described for the first time by means of Ward’s hierarchical cluster analysis. Daily values of winter precipitation data based on 19 meteorological stations were used for the period from 1960 to 2012. Five clusters of coherent zones were determined, namely Black Sea-Marmara, Black Sea, Marmara, Thrace, and Aegean sub-regions. To investigate the prevailing atmospheric circulation types (CTs) that cause precipitation occurrence and intensity in these five different rainfall sub-basins, objective Lamb weather type (LWT) methodology was applied to National Centers of Environmental Prediction (NCEP)/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) reanalysis of daily mean sea level pressure (MSLP) data. Precipitation occurrence suggested that wet CTs (i.e. N, NE, NW, and C) offer a high chance of precipitation in all sub-regions. For the eastern (western) part of the region, the high probability of rainfall occurrence is shown under the influence of E (SE, S, SW) atmospheric CTs. In terms of precipitation intensity, N and C CTs had the highest positive gradients in all the sub-basins of the Marmara. In addition, although Marmara and Black Sea sub-regions have the highest daily rainfall potential during NE types, high daily rainfall totals are recorded in all sub-regions except the Black Sea during NW types. 相似文献
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以北京地区为研究对象,应用Lamb-Jenkinson大气环流分型方法对1948-2008年的逐日平均海平面气压场进行定量计算环流指数。通过对27类逐日环流分型结果的统计分析得出：北京地区主导环流类型依次为A型、C型和SW型,其频率分别为23.8 %、15.4%和7.0%;A和C环流型频率均呈逐年上升趋势,但A型频率上升速度远大于C型;春季北京主导环流类型为A型和C型,夏季主导环流型为C型和SW型,夏季CSW型环流所占比例也较大,秋季和冬季为A型。通过主导环流型和北京气温、降水之间变化规律的分析可知：冬季在A型环流的控制下北京地区多为低温晴好天气;夏季在C型环流的控制下北京地区降水增多,在SW型环流的控制下北京地区降水偏少,而CSW型环流控制下北京地区呈现干热天气状态,2000年后尤为明显。 相似文献
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利用1951~2016年NCAR再分析月平均资料及台站降水资料,研究了极涡与南亚高压的关系及其对我国降水的协同影响。结果表明:极涡和南亚高压在夏、秋、冬季周期变化的时间尺度基本一致,夏季为准9a尺度变化,秋季为准8a尺度变化,冬季为准4a尺度变化;极涡和南亚高压的相关性在夏季最强,在春季最弱,其同期变化对我国降水的影响十分显著;根据同期的极涡和南亚高压各自面积指数标准化距平的正负,将“正-正、正-负、负-正、负-负“四个模态分别定义为SS型、SW型、WS型、WW型,其中SW型与WS型占比较多,表明极涡与南亚高压的同期变化以负相关为主;春季极涡与南亚高压对我国降水的影响主要在新疆及东北渤海湾一带,SS型和WS型对应北方多雨,SW型和WW型反之;夏季其影响主要在高原北部及长江中下游地区,除SW型以外,其余三种分型均对应长江中下游地区多雨;秋季其影响主要在新疆地区,SS型和WS型对应该地区降水偏多,SW型和WW型反之;冬季其影响主要在新疆至长江三角洲一带,SW型对应40°N附近地区多雨,WW型对应西北至东南地区少雨;夏季,极涡与南亚高压的异常调整了东亚大气环流的配置,进而对我国的降水产生影响。 相似文献
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Atmospheric circulation patterns in southern Chile (42° 30′ S) were studied in order to determine and analyse the most characteristic synoptic types and their recent trends, as well as to gain an understanding of how they are associated with low-frequency variability patterns. According to the Jenkinson and Collison (J&C) classification method, a 16-point grid of sea-level pressure data was employed. The findings reveal that some synoptic types show statistically significant trends with a 95% confidence level, positively for anticyclonic westerly hybrids (AW) and advective types for third and fourth quadrant wind flows (W, NW, and N) and negatively for SW and cyclonic hybrids (CS and CSW). A model has been constructed of the linear regression of some weather types with teleconnections that most affect Chile: the undetermined types (U), AW were associated with El Niño or the warm phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), whereas the cyclonic northerly and cyclonic northeasterly types (CN and CNE) were associated with La Niña or cool phase of the PDO. The weather types associated with Antarctic Oscillation (AAO) in its positive phase are anticyclonic northerly and northeasterly and northerly advection types, while in its negative phase are cyclonic southwesterly and advection types. 相似文献
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近50a浙江省气候变化特征分析 总被引：45，自引：2，他引：45
用1951－1999年资料详细研究了浙江省4个观测站的年，季，月降水与气温的气候变化特征，提出了用蒙特卡洛（Monte Carlo)模拟方法对气象要素的的长期变化进行统计检验，指出，气候变化也可以出现在气象要素的变率上，提出了用计算滑动均方差的方法来识别这种变率异常的方法。 相似文献
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2016年6月哈尔滨地区降水出现异常,比历年同期多一倍,全市月平均降水量为1961年以来同期第1位。本文利用地面月降水量资料及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,对哈尔滨地区2016年6月降水异常特征、成因及30年来该地区6月降水量变化趋势进行了分析。结果表明：(1)鄂霍茨克海以西位置的阻塞高压的出现和发展是造成哈尔滨地区降水异常偏多的主要原因。(2)中高纬度和副热带高压之间的水汽输送的环流配置特征起到了关键的作用,为该地区降水异常偏多提供了有利水汽条件。(3)850hPa风场存在风向和风速的强辐合区,该动力结构特征更有利于产生强降水。(4)30年来哈尔滨地区6月降水量总体呈缓慢上升趋势,13个区、县(市)除了通河和依兰逐年减少外,其它区、县(市)逐年增加。 相似文献
10.
影响华北汛期降水的水汽输送过程 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6
利用1951～2005年NCEP再分析资料和中国160站月降水资料,分析了华北汛期水汽输送的时空特征及其与降水的关系,发现不同水汽通道对华北降水的影响区域不同。华北的水汽输送也具有明显的年际变化,华北多雨年和少雨年的水汽通量分布有明显差异。EOF分析表明,在华北汛期多雨年,上述水汽通道有向华北地区的正异常水汽输送。华北汛期水汽主要来自亚洲季风水汽输送,其次是西风带的水汽输送,它们与降水具有相似的年代际变化。1970年代中期以后,季风的水汽输送显著减弱,西风带水汽输送的重要性相对增大,华北降水在1980年代初的突变与季风水汽输送1970年代中期的突变密切相关。 相似文献
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华北区域环流型与河北气候的关系 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用Lamb-Jenkinson方法和NCEP/NCAR再分析的1951—2006年月平均海平面气压场资料,对华北区域环流进行分型并分析了对河北气候的影响。结果表明,影响华北的主要环流型有8种（A、SW、NE、W、C、N、ANE、AN）,占全部环流型的64.43%。冬季主要盛行A、NE环流型,夏季主要盛行SW、C环流型,冬季最主要的环流型A和夏季最主要的环流型SW出现次数呈反相变化。河北夏季降水量与SW出现次数呈明显的同相变化,而与A型出现次数呈非常好的反相变化,即冬季A环流型出现多,夏季SW环流型出现就少,夏季降水量就少,反之亦然。冬季的主要环流型在20世纪60年代中期发生了明显改变,夏季环流型在60年代和70年代发生了两次明显改变,之后基本维持改变后的环流型。河北气候与区域环流型变化有很好的对应关系。 相似文献
14.
利用1951-2005年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料及华南地区6月份降水资料,统计分析了与华南降水异常相关的西太平洋副热带高压变异、垂直运动及水汽输送等特征。结果表明:华南地区6月份降水异常与南海区域西太平洋副热带高压脊线位置、中心强度等存在非常紧密的联系。 相似文献
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中国月平均降水场的时空相关特征 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
本文通过对我国1951～1984年月平均降水资料的分析,给出了我国东部降水的空间分布具有三种类型,一种类型是长江流域多雨,华南和华北及东北少雨;另一种类型与此型相反;第三种类型为正常型,降水距平百分率全场都很小。并指出了长江中下游地区降水时间特征具有明显的半年韵律现象,冬季1月和12月的降水可以作为6～8月降水的信息期。同时还表明在1951～1984年中9个ElNino年的下一年6～8月汛期降水具有不完全相同的类型。 相似文献
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The interannual variations of rainfall over southwest China (SWC) during spring and
its relationship with sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) in the Pacific are analyzed,
based on monthly mean precipitation data from 26 stations in SWC between 1961 and 2010,
NCEP/NCAR re-analysis data, and Hadley global SST data. Sensitivity tests are conducted to
assess the response of precipitation in SWC to SSTAs over two key oceanic domains, using the
global atmospheric circulation model ECHAM5. The interannual variation of rainfall over SWC in
spring is very significant. There are strong negative (positive) correlation coefficients
between the anomalous precipitation over SWC and SSTAs over the equatorial central Pacific
(the mid-latitude Pacific) during spring. Numerical simulations show that local rainfall in
the northwest of the equatorial central Pacific is suppressed, and a subtropical anticyclone
circulation anomaly is produced, while a cyclonic circulation anomaly in the mid-latitude
western Pacific occurs, when the equatorial Pacific SSTAs are in a cold phase in spring.
Anomalous northerly winds appear in the northeastern part of SWC in the lower troposphere.
Precipitation increases over the Maritime Continent of the western equatorial Pacific, while a
cyclonic circulation anomaly appears in the northwest of the western equatorial Pacific. A
trough over the Bay of Bengal enhances the southerly flow in the south of SWC. The trough also
enhances the transport of moisture to SWC. The warm moisture intersects with anomalous cold
air over the northeast of SWC, and so precipitation increases during spring. On the
interannual time scale, the impacts of the mid-latitude Pacific SSTAs on rainfall in SWC
during spring are not significant, because the mid-latitude Pacific SSTAs are affected by the
equatorial central Pacific SSTAs; that is, the mid-latitude Pacific SSTAs are a feedback to
the circulation anomaly caused by the equatorial central Pacific SSTAs. 相似文献
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The Indian subcontinent witnessed a severe monsoon drought in 2002, which largely resulted from a major rainfall deficiency
in the month of July. While moderate El Nino conditions prevailed during this period, the atmospheric convective activity
was anomalously enhanced over northwest and north-central Pacific in the 10–20°N latitude belt; and heavy rainfall occurred
over this region in association with a series of northward moving tropical cyclones. Similar out-of-phase rainfall variations
over the Indian region and the northwest (NW) Pacific have been observed during other instances of El Nino/Southern Oscillation
(ENSO). The dynamical linkage corresponding to this out-of-phase rainfall variability is explored in this study by conducting
a set of numerical experiments using an atmospheric general circulation model. The results from the model simulations lend
credence to the role of the tropical Pacific sea surface temperature anomalies in forcing the out-of-phase precipitation variability
over the NW Pacific and the Indian monsoon region. It is seen that the ENSO induced circulation response reveals an anomalous
pattern comprising of alternating highs and lows which extend meridionally from the equatorial region into the sub-tropic
and mid-latitude regions of west-central Pacific. This meridional pattern is associated with an anomalous cyclonic circulation
over NW Pacific, which is found to favor enhanced tropical cyclonic activity and intensified convection over the region. In
turn, the intensified convection over NW Pacific induces subsidence and rainfall deficiency over the Indian landmass through
anomalous east-west circulation in the 10–20°N latitude belt. Based on the present findings, it is suggested that the convective
activity over NW Pacific is an important component in mediating the ENSO-monsoon teleconnection dynamics. 相似文献
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西北地区夏季降水异常及其水汽输送和环流特征分析 总被引：25，自引：6，他引：19
利用NCEP/NCAR 1951～2000年共50a的再分析资料及我国西北地区内31个代表站的降水资料,对西北地区近50a来夏季降水异常的时空特征、环流形势及水汽输送进行了研究。分析发现,西北地区夏季降水异常与东部沿海地区的降水呈反位相分布,说明西北地区和东部沿海地区的降水影响系统不同,影响时期不一致。分析结果表明,影响西北地区夏季多、少雨年的相关区域环流特征和水汽输送特征有显著差异。 相似文献
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Based on the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data for the period of 1948--2004 and the monthly rainfall
data at 160 stations in China from 1951 to 2004, the relationships among the land-ocean temperature
anomaly difference in the mid-lower troposphere in spring (April--May), the mei-yu rainfall in the
Yangtze River-Huaihe River basin, and the activities of the South China Sea summer monsoon (SCSSM) are
analyzed by using correlation and composite analyses. Results show that a significant positive correlation
exists between mei-yu rainfall and air temperature in the middle latitudes above the western Pacific,
while a significant negative correlation is located to the southwest of the Baikal Lake. When the
land-ocean thermal anomaly difference is stronger in spring, the western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH)
will be weaker and retreat eastward in summer (June--July), and the SCSSM will be stronger and advance
further north, resulting in deficient moisture along the mei-yu front and below-normal precipitation in
the mid and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and vice versa for the weaker difference case. The
effects and relative importance of the land and ocean anomalous heating on monsoon variability is also
compared. It is found that the land and ocean thermal anomalies are both closely related to the summer
circulation and mei-yu rainfall and SCSSM intensity, whereas the land heating anomaly is more important
than ocean heating in changing the land-ocean thermal contrast and hence the summer monsoon intensity. 相似文献
20.
1998年夏季长江流域降水异常增多,发生了严重的洪涝灾害。本文利用1979-2011年的NCEP再分析月平均资料、Hadley中心的月平均海表温度资料和中国160站降水资料,分析了1998年夏季长江流域强降水的成因。结果表明：1998年夏季,印度尼西亚地区为非绝热加热正异常区,而其东北侧海域的非绝热加热为负异常或较小的正异常,由此形成了西南-东北向的异常加热梯度,使得印度尼西亚地区大气受到异常加热,低层辐合,高层辐散,而在热带西太平洋地区则为低层辐散,高层辐合,形成了西南-东北向垂直环流圈。热带西太平洋地区的低层异常辐散气流可作为异常涡度源,强迫出位于南海中国地区的反气旋性环流。同时,来自印度尼西亚北侧的扰动能量在南海地区辐合,有利于南海地区这一异常反气旋环流的维持。南海地区异常反气旋环流西北侧的西南气流,携带大量热带西太平洋及南海地区的水汽,输送到我国南方地区,并与控制中国东北地区的气旋性环流西南侧的西北气流交汇辐合于长江流域,有利于降水异常事件的产生。 相似文献