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1.
对比两个同化资料GODAS(Global Ocean Data Assimilation System)和SODA(Simple Ocean Data Assimilation),考察中国科学院大气物理研究所大气科学和地球流体力学数值模拟国家重点实验室发展的气候系统海洋模式LICOM(LASG/IAP Climate system Ocean Model)模拟的北印度洋经向环流及热输送的气候态。LICOM能抓住北印度洋大尺度环流的季节变化特征,模拟的年平均越赤道热输送为-0.24 PW (1 PW=1015W),较之以往的数值模式结果更接近观测和同化资料。与同化资料的差异主要体现在季节变化强度,北半球夏季在赤道以南偏弱0.5 PW,这与模式夏季的纬向风应力偏弱,热输送中的大项Ekman热输送模拟偏弱,从而模拟的经圈翻转环流较浅有关。  相似文献   

2.
氚(3H)作为一种重要的被动示踪物,经常被用于研究海洋中的物理过程及评估海洋环流模式的模拟性能。使用一个全球海洋环流模式(LICOM)来研究氚在海洋中的分布、存储和输送。模拟的全球氚通量表明,1975年之前氚主要由海气交换输入海洋,特别是在1963年,氚的气体交换输入约为降水输入的2.5倍,1975年之后两种方式的氚输入通量都大幅减少。比对GEOSECS(Geochemical Ocean Sections Study,1972~1978年)和WOCE (World Ocean Circulation Experiment,1989~1995年)大洋观测计划期间的观测资料发现,我们的模式很好地模拟出了氚的海表分布、水柱总量、经向分布以及次表层的高值信号,主要缺点在于模拟的氚向深层的穿透不足,特别是在全球的两个副热带地区,表现尤为明显,氚输入函数的不确定性和模式物理场描述的不足可能是造成误差的主要原因。模式给出的海洋中氚储存总量的结果与基于观测得到的结果比较吻合,如北太平洋海区:1973~1974年模拟结果约为20.4 kg,相同期间观测估计值为21.1±4.7 kg,1989~1995年模拟结果为20.7 kg,相同期间观测估计值为23.4±2.0 kg。氚在等密度面上高低纬的侧向通风明显,模式成功模拟出氚从中高纬的海表进入,沿等密度面向低纬的次表层输送,又经大洋环流和扩散分别向南半球和高纬输送的过程。  相似文献   

3.
刘波  李阳春  徐永福  范广洲 《大气科学》2015,39(6):1149-1164
本文选用中国科学院大气物理研究所全球海洋模式(LICOM),对中尺度涡旋参数化方案(GM90方案)中等密度扩散系数和等密度面厚度扩散系数(统称为涡旋扩散系数Aρ)对物理场及CFC-11(一氟三氯甲烷)分布的影响进行了研究。本文做了两个试验,即涡旋扩散系数采用常系数方式(对照试验)和采用在非绝热层以下Aρ随海洋浮力频率垂直变化的参数化方案(浮力试验)。模拟结果表明,依浮力频率垂直变化的方案对模式物理场的模拟能力有一定程度的提升,如南极绕极流的输送强度比常系数方案增大了约20%~30%,与观测事实更接近;浮力试验对对照试验中过强的南极中层水有一定的削弱作用,使得模式对南大洋高纬次表层位密度的模拟有一定的改善。稍有不足的是,浮力试验对南极底层水也有一定的削弱,使得2000~3000 m深度位密度模拟较常系数方案偏低。通过对CFC-11分布、存储以及输送的研究发现,次网格参数取值的不同对南大洋CFC-11模拟情况有较大影响。浮力试验加大了南北高纬CFC-11海表的吸收通量,对南极大陆周边海域向南大洋主储藏区(34°S~60°S)的CFC-11输送能力有一定的增强,使得南大洋对CFC-11储藏量增大,大部分海区与观测资料更接近。通过CFC-11断面分析,浮力试验对南大洋上层海洋位密度模拟的改善使得CFC-11垂直结构与观测更接近。  相似文献   

4.
海洋环流模式模拟自然 和核辐射14C的分布   总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8  
金心  石广玉 《大气科学》2000,24(3):341-354
放射性14C在海洋环流研究和人为CO2问题的研究中都有重要地位。本文用海洋环流模式模拟了海洋中自然14C的分布及海洋对核辐射产生的放射性14C的吸收, 以期对海洋吸收人为CO2的能力做一初步的研究。模拟的海洋环流结果与观测相比符合得较好,成功地模拟出了北大西洋深水(NADW)、南极底水 (AABW)等基本特征。对自然14C的模拟揭示出了海洋通风的基本特征。模拟出的沿GEOSECS 路径的南、北垂直截面与观测结果符合得较好。对核辐射14C的模拟表明:模式模拟的沿GEOSECS 路径的南、北垂直截面与观测结果符合得较好;模拟出的海洋表面核辐射浓度与观测值一致,但核辐射14C在海洋中的柱存量和平均穿透深度都比观测结果要小。文中分析了造成这种差异的可能原因。  相似文献   

5.
使用中国科学院大气物理研究所大气科学和地球流体力学数值模拟国家重点实验室(LASG/IAP)开发的第三代气候海洋模式(LASG/IAP Climate system Ocean Model version 3, LICOM3.0)低分辨率版本在海洋模式比较计划(Ocean Model Intercomparison Project, OMIP)试验中的模拟数据,描述了南极绕极流(Antarctic Circumpolar Current, ACC)和南大洋经向翻转环流(Meridional Overturning Circulation, MOC)在1958~2009年的平均状态及其变化,并与已有的模式模拟结果和观测结果对比以评估LICOM模式的模拟效果。通过对比已有模式模拟数据发现,LICOM3.0模式模拟的ACC和南大洋MOC在两组OMIP试验中平均状态相仿、结果在合理范围内,但OMIP1试验中海表强迫的变化趋势较OMIP2试验中的变化更大,得到的环流输送在OMIP1试验中增长趋势也更大。  相似文献   

6.
从描述南、北半球间大气经向质量传输的角度人手,考察IPCC第4次评估报告提供的8个AMIP大气环流模式对越赤道质量通量输送的模拟性能。结果表明:NCAR、MPI和UKMO模式模拟出的越赤道整层大气质量通量与观测大体相一致;MIROC3模拟的整层大气质量通量年循环与观测结果相去甚远,尤其在夏季模拟出较强的虚假向北大气质量输送;IAP模拟的整层大气质量通量年循环方向与观测结果在7个月份中相反;把垂直大气分为4层.各模式对700 hPa以下(I_1)和300-70 hPa(I_3)两层质量通量的模拟能力普遍较好;对700-300 hPa层(I_2)质量通量模拟结果偏差较大;除MIROC3外,其余模式基本能够模拟出70-10 hPa(I_4)大气质量通量的季节变化.显然,不仅南、北半球间大气存在质量交换,越过其他纬度同样存在着经向大气质量输送,无论冬季、夏季还是年平均,各模式对越过其他纬度(60°S-60°N)经向大气质量输送的模拟结果与观测差异明显。整体权衡,UKMO_HADGEMl在模拟越赤道大气质量通量方面表现突出,MPI_ECHAM5模式优势较明显;NCAR、GISS和GFDL 3个模式在某些压力层内具有较好的模拟水平;MIROC模式对整层、700-300 hPa层的模拟能力较低,而对700 hPa以下层和300-70 hPa层的模拟水平较高;IAP_FGOALS和CNRM模式在模拟越赤道大气质量通量方面存在一定的不足.  相似文献   

7.
评估了中国科学院大气物理研究所大气科学和地球流体动力学数值模拟国家重点实验室海洋环流模式L30T63和海气耦合模式FGCM-0模拟的热带太平洋年平均状态,资料取自L30T63由观测的大气强迫驱动的Control试验、由NCAR CCM3大气强迫驱动的Spinup试验、以及相应的海气耦合模式FGCM-0.主要的结论是:(1)在"准确"的海表强迫下,Control模拟的海面温度和温跃层与观测结果相当接近,模式的固有误差是赤道冷舌过分西伸和东南太平洋温跃层偏浅.(2)Spinup能模拟出合理的热带太平洋上层海洋环流,但存在两个问题,即:暖池区海面温度显著偏高、沿赤道的梯度过大;赤道温跃层偏浅、东西向坡度偏小,它们分别与CCM3提供的海表短波辐射通量和风应力的系统误差有关.这两个问题很可能是海气耦合模式FGCM-0运行初期误差迅速发展的重要原因.(3)FGCM-0模拟的赤道暖池区上层100 m的平均温度比观测低3℃.分析表明FGCM-0夸大了暖池区海洋动力过程的降温作用,使得模拟的"暖池"在一定程度上具有冷舌的属性.FGCM-0模拟的热带南太平洋温跃层比观测结果偏浅数十米到100 m,以致赤道两侧的上层海洋温度分布趋于对称,成为"double ITCZ"现象在上层海洋中的表现.风应力旋度的系统误差和垂直混合随深度衰减过快是温跃层偏浅的两个可能原因;FGCM-0中与北太平洋中高纬地区深厚冷偏差相关的经圈环流也有利于热带温跃层误差的维持.  相似文献   

8.
利用一个大洋环流模式LICOM, 通过1958~2001年风应力 (ERA40) 和热通量驱动下的两组模拟试验, 检验了二者在北太平洋年际和年代际变率形成中的作用。结果表明, 尽管在年际尺度上热带太平洋变率主要受风应力影响, 但合理考虑热通量异常的强迫作用能够显著改进模式对El Niño的模拟效果, 包括对El Niño周期非规则性的成功模拟; 北太平洋SST的年际和年代际异常主要受热通量异常的影响, 合理考虑热通量强迫的年代际变化能够改善模式对北太平洋年代际变率的模拟效果。在北太平洋海盆的不同区域, 导致SST变率异常的因子不同: 在加利福尼亚沿岸, 冬季平均海温的变率异常主要由热通量的异常决定; 在北太平洋中部, 温度趋势异常主要受热通量和水平平流的作用影响; 在黑潮及其延伸体区域, 对温度趋势异常起主导作用的是热通量和海洋非线性作用, 与此同时, 水平平流和扩散的作用亦不容忽视。  相似文献   

9.
全球海洋模式对不同强迫场的响应   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
使用中国科学院大气物理研究所研制的全球海洋环流模式(LASG/IAP Climate system Ocean Model,LICOM),通过设计三个试验,即以德国马克斯—普朗克气象研究所整理的海洋模式比较计划(OMIP)资料和美国国家海洋资料中心(NODC)发布的《世界海洋图集2009》(WOA09)资料为强迫场的试验W,用美国环境预报中心(NCEP)和国家大气研究中心(NCAR)联合推出的NCEP/NCAR再分析资料(简称NCEP资料)中的风应力资料代替试验W中的风应力资料的试验M,以及用NCEP资料中的热力强迫代替试验M中的热力强迫资料的试验N,来研究不同的热力和动力强迫场对模式的影响。三个试验的模拟结果均模拟出了水团和流场的分布型和极值区。从三个试验的结果对比可以看出,NCEP资料较弱的风应力使得试验M环流场明显偏弱,减弱了大洋内部的温盐输送,加大了深海温盐模拟结果与观测资料的偏差,但对原模式过强的南极中层水的输送有所改善。NCEP的短波辐射通量和非短波热通量弱于OMIP,且在两极区域NCEP资料的海表温度比WOA09资料最多低 4℃以上。试验N的模拟结果改善了南大洋60°S以南海区试验W 模拟的海表温度偏高问题,减小了北冰洋部分海域以及副热带大洋东部海表温度的偏差。此外,试验N高纬度较低的海表温度增强了北大西洋深水以及南极底层水的输送,因而改善了深海的温盐模拟结果。三个试验在一些关键海区得到的经向热输送在观测估计及前人模拟结果的范围中,总体上试验M的输送最弱。综合三个试验的模拟结果,可以认为OMIP风应力资料和NCEP海表温度资料更适合作为LICOM模式的强迫场。  相似文献   

10.
热带太平洋环流季节变化的数值模拟   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
张荣华 《大气科学》1994,18(6):674-682
在观测到的海表风应力和热量及淡水通量驱动下,用大气物理研究所发展的高分辨率自由表面热带太平洋环流模式对热带太平洋环流季节变化进行了数值模拟。对模拟得到的热带太平洋海面起伏、温度场和流场等季节变化分析、比较表明,模式成功地模拟了观测到的环流季节变化基本特征。其中,海面起伏中西北太平洋副热带反气旋环流在冬季最强,赤道槽在冬季和早春季强,而赤道脊和北赤道逆流槽则在秋季强;北赤道逆流在秋季强而春季弱,150°W附近区域赤道表层洋流流向在4至7月逆转;赤道东太平洋地区海表温度场春季增暖和秋冷却;以及次表层赤道斜温层  相似文献   

11.
State-of-the-art coupled general circulation models(CGCMs)are used to predict ocean heat uptake(OHU)and sealevel change under global warming.However,the projections of different models vary,resulting in high uncertainty.Much of the inter-model spread is driven by responses to surface heat perturbations.This study mainly focuses on the response of the ocean to a surface heat flux perturbation F,as prescribed by the Flux-Anomaly-Forced Model Intercomparison Project(FAFMIP).The results of ocean model were compared with those of a CGCM with the same ocean component.On the global scale,the changes in global mean temperature,ocean heat content(OHC),and steric sea level(SSL)simulated in the OGCM are generally consistent with CGCM simulations.Differences in changes in ocean temperature,OHC,and SSL between the two models primarily occur in the Arctic and Atlantic Oceans(AA)and the Southern Ocean(SO)basins.In addition to the differences in surface heat flux anomalies between the two models,differences in heat exchange between basins also play an important role in the inconsistencies in ocean climate changes in the AA and SO basins.These discrepancies are largely due to both the larger initial value and the greater weakening change of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation(AMOC)in CGCM.The greater weakening of the AMOC in the CGCM is associated with the atmosphere–ocean feedback and the lack of a restoring salinity boundary condition.Furthermore,differences in surface salinity boundary conditions between the two models contribute to discrepancies in SSL changes.  相似文献   

12.
The ECCO–GODAE global estimate of the ocean circulation 1992–2007 is analyzed in the region of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF), including the Southern Ocean flow south of Australia. General characteristics are an intense month-to-month noise, only weak trends, and an important annual cycle (which is not the focus of attention). Apart from the details of the unresolved flows within the various passages, and right on the equator, the region and its large-scale climate effects appears to be accurately diagnosed by large-scale geostrophic balance, so that the ITF can be calculated either from the upstream or the downstream balanced flow (but no simple reference level can be defined). The INSTANT program occurs during a more or less typical three-year period. Indications of response to the large 1997–1998 El Niño are weak.  相似文献   

13.
Responses of global ocean circulation and temperature to freshwater runoff from major rivers were studied by blocking regional runoff in the global ocean general circulation model(OGCM)developed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.Runoff into the tropical Atlantic,the western North Pacific,and the Bay of Bengal and northern Arabian Sea were selectively blocked.The blocking of river runoff first resulted in a salinity increase near the river mouths(2 practical salinity units).The saltier and,therefore,denser water was then transported to higher latitudes in the North Atlantic,North Pacific,and southern Indian Ocean by the mean currents.The subsequent density contrasts between northern and southern hemispheric oceans resulted in changes in major ocean currents.These anomalous ocean currents lead to significant temperature changes(1°C-2°C)by the resulting anomalous heat transports.The current and temperature anomalies created by the blocked river runoff propagated from one ocean basin to others via coastal and equatorial Kelvin waves.This study suggests that river runoff may be playing an important role in oceanic salinity,temperature,and circulations;and that partially or fully blocking major rivers to divert freshwater for societal purposes might significantly change ocean salinity,circulations,temperature,and atmospheric climate.Further studies are necessary to assess the role of river runoff in the coupled atmosphere-ocean system.  相似文献   

14.
二维海洋温盐环流碳循环模式   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
提供了由二维温盐环流动力学模式得到的定常流场驱动的海洋碳循环模式。在认为海洋生物碳循环达到动态平衡的情况下,着重研究了无机碳的循环。在给定的工业革命前的大气CO2浓度强迫下,对海洋碳循环模式积分5000年后,使其达到稳态。对于人为扰动,采用给定大气CO2浓度作为上边界条件,结果是,1980年至1989年海洋能吸收人为排放CO2的36%。通过使用CO2的工业排放源和大气及海洋的联合模式,得到1980至1989年的边际气留比为0.66。比较两种方法所得的结果,可推出在工业革命前存在着非工业源,即生物源;1940年以后,则还存在着一个未知的汇。  相似文献   

15.
海洋碳循环与全球气候变化相互反馈的研究进展   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
海洋作为地球上一个主要吸收二氧化碳的汇,储存大量的二氧化碳.海-气间的二氧化碳交换,使得海洋中碳对气候产生反馈作用,从而影响着大气中CO2的浓度,甚至影响到全球气候的变化.本文主要介绍了海洋碳循环的过程,以及海洋碳循环过程对气候的反馈作用.  相似文献   

16.
ATwo-DimensionalZonalyAveragedOceanCarbonCycleModelXuYongfu(徐永福)andWangMingxing(王明星)LAPC,InstituteofAtmosphericPhysics,Chines...  相似文献   

17.
太平洋大尺度环流数值模拟 II:长期平均环流   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2       下载免费PDF全文
用本文第Ⅰ部分所给出的四层太平洋环流模式,模拟在定常年平均大气强迫场驱动下太平洋长期平均环流。所进行的53年数值积分表明,模式成功地模拟出观测到的太平洋大尺度环流基本特征,特别是能直接计算出在海洋动力学和大尺度海气相互作用研究中有重要应用的海面起伏,对表层流场的模拟也明显优于具有同等分辨率的其他模式的结果;对气候有重要影响的SST形势的模拟结果同观测也较为一致。本文还用第53年数值积分资料进行了扰动压力场、斜压扰动压力场和海表热通量等的诊断计算和分析。文中还对模拟结果进行了物理和动力学的分析和解释。  相似文献   

18.
The shallow meridional overturning circulation (upper 1000 m) in the northern Indian Ocean and its interannual variability are studied, based on a global ocean circulation model (MOM2) with an integration of 10 years (1987-1996). It is shown that the shallow meridional overturning circulation has a prominent seasonal reversal characteristic. In winter, the flow is northward in the upper layer and returns southward at great depth. In summer, the deep northward inflow upwells north of the equator and returns southward in the Ekman layer. In the annual mean, the northward inflow returns through two branches: one is a southward flow in the Ekman layer, the other is a flow that sinks near 10°N and returns southward between 500 m and 1000 m. There is significant interannual variability in the shallow meridional overturning circulation, with a stronger (weaker) one in 1989 (1991) and with a period of about four years. The interannual variability of the shallow meridional overturning circulation is intimately r  相似文献   

19.
A previous modeling study about Pacific Ocean warming derived polar vortex response signals, by subtracting those in the Indian Ocean warming experiments from those in the Indo-Pacific. This approach questions the resemblance of such an indirectly derived response to one directly forced by Pacific Ocean warming. This is relevant to the additive nonlinearity of atmospheric responses to separated Indian and Pacific Ocean forcing. In the present study, an additional set of ensemble experiments are performed by prescribing isolated SST forcing in the tropical Pacific Ocean to address this issue. The results suggest a qualitative resemblance between responses in the derived and additional experiments. Thus, previous findings about the impact of Indian and Pacific Ocean warming are robust. This study has important implications for future climate change projections, considering the non-unanimous warming rates in tropical oceans in the 21st century. Nevertheless, a comparison of present direct-forced experiments with previous indirect-forced experiments suggests a significant additive nonlinearity between the Indian and Pacific Ocean warmings. Further diagnosis suggests that the nonlinearity may originate from the thermodynamic processes over the tropics.  相似文献   

20.
The distribution of hydrography and circulation in the eastern tropical Indian Ocean(ETIO) during April-May 2011 were analyzed using cruise observations,satellite observations,and historic hydrographic data.It was observed that warm water(28℃) occupies the upper 50-m layer in the ETIO.Low-salinity surface water was observed at the mouth of the Bay of Bengal(BOB),which further extends to the Arabian Sea and off Sumatra via the Sri Lanka coast and the eastern bay mouth.Arabian Sea high-salinity water(ASHSW) is carried eastward along the equator to around 90°E by the equatorial undercurrent(EUC).It also runs south of Sri Lanka(north to 3°N) and in the western bay mouth(west to 87°E) but is much shallower than its counterpart at the equator.It is suggested to be the residual of the ASHSW,which intrudes into the BOB during the preceding southwest monsoon.Our results also show that,in the south of Sri Lanka,just below this subsurface high-salinity water,very-low-salinity water(about 34.8) occurs at depths of 100-200 m.Further analysis suggests that this low-salinity water comes from the BOB.  相似文献   

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