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利用西安国家一般气象站和泾河国家基本气象站2006—2013年同期风向风速地面观测资料,分析比较了西安城区与郊区风向及风速的差异。结果表明:西安城区的月平均风速均小于郊区,城区比郊区偏小50%左右;两地逐月月平均风速波动趋势基本一致,郊区波动较大,城区较平缓;两地年平均风速均呈缓慢减小趋势,城区比郊区减小趋势明显;郊区极大风速远大于城区;郊区大风日较多,城区仅有1d,郊区出现大风的概率远高于城区。城区和郊区最多风向略有偏差,偏离1~20个方位;城区四季的最多风向均不同,郊区四季的最多风向变化不大;城区极大风风向较为分散,郊区较集中。 相似文献
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基于2015—2017年新疆铁路沿线17个大风监测站的逐时观测资料,分析了南疆线前百公里风区的大风时空分布特征,并与著名的百里风区代表站十三间房气象站进行对比分析,结果表明:前百公里风区通常是指新疆著名的三十里风区和百里风区外又一强风区带,风速强劲,大风历时长,其间以铁泉西至三个泉大桥区段风速最大,代表站三个泉大桥瞬间极大风速比十三间房气象站平均大12.2 m/s;前百公里风区平均风速季节变化规律为夏季春季秋季冬季;5月达到月均风速的最大值,1月为最小值;平均风速日变化呈单峰形式变化。大风情况下前百公里风区沿线主导风向较稳定,为NW(西北风)至N(北风)之间。风区中铁路沿线呈东北—西南走向,正好与大风的主导风向相正交,形成横风,对列车运行可产生较大的危害。 相似文献
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利用兰新铁路第二双线16个新建气象站2010年7月1日至2014年6月30日多层高度风向、风速资料,对兰新铁路第二双线沿线10 m高度和近地层大风分布规律进行分析。结果表明,兰新铁路第二双线沿线10 min平均风速、极大风速变化趋势基本一致,但风速最大站与最小站的差异显著;风速具有明显的日变化、月变化以及季节变化特征,且变化特征较为一致;兰新第二双线存在4个相对风速大值区—白洋河特大桥至头道河段、红台南至了墩南、烟墩风区西侧至红柳河特大桥段及安北车站东南段;风向方面,从白杨河特大桥至百里风区东侧以偏西、偏北风为主,烟墩风区西侧至玉门地窝铺大桥以偏东风为主;兰新铁路第二双线沿线近地层梯度风从由低到高风速逐渐增加,但增大幅度略有差异;典型大风天气过程中,大风维持时间与四大风速大值区有较好的对应关系,大风持续时间和铁路运营停轮时间均在白杨河特大桥至头道河段最多。 相似文献
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本文使用泰来气象站1971-2004年十六方位风速、风向资料,2009年7月-2010年6月气象站与附近测风塔10 m高度逐时风速、风向资料,分析城市化对风序列的影响。结果表明:泰来县年平均风速呈明显减弱趋势,每10 a大约下降0.36 m/s;泰来测风塔与气象站各方向风速比较,无论是风速差值,还是相对误差均表明城市对风速影响显著,对风向也有较大影响;结合城市空间布局及气象站在城市中的位置,分析泰来十六方位风速变化速率,发现各方向风速下降趋势较为明显,其中受城市影响较大方向风速减弱趋势明显,受城市影响小的方向风速减小趋势较弱。 相似文献
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该文收集了2006—2016年湖南省97个国家气象站逐日平均风速风向、最大风速风向资料,根据城镇天气预报对风的预报要求,分析了湖南省日平均风速、日最大风速3级及以上风以及日最大风速6级及以上风的气候特征,结果表明:①湖南省年平均风速为1. 63 m/s,呈现逐年振荡增强趋势,夏季最大,秋季最小;②湘西北、湘西地区日平均风速较小,湘东北、湘中以东、湘西南地区较大;③日最大风速3级以上日数呈逐年减少趋势,春夏季多发,秋冬季少发,偏南风占到所有风向中的59%;④岳阳东部、长株潭、永州、郴州大部为日最大风速3级以上高频区,湘西北、湘中偏西南一带、衡阳市西部到邵阳市一带为低频区;⑤日最大风速6级以上日数呈增长趋势,春夏季多,空间分布具有离散性,概率由大到小依次为南岳、郴州、冷水滩、江华、常德、韶山、长沙、新宁和泸溪,将6级以上区域性大风进行了冷空气、低压大风、雷暴大风、台风影响4种类型的划分,并建立了概念模型。 相似文献
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山东省雷暴大风天气的气候特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用1971-2008年山东省122个气象站观测资料,对山东省雷暴大风等强对流天气的气候特征进行了分析,并与冰雹天气的气候特征进行了对比。结果表明：山东省雷暴大风年均为46．6d,区域性雷暴大风年均为15．7d,随年代有明显减少的趋势。山东的雷暴大风主要集中在5—8月,7月最多。雷暴大风的地理分布极不均匀,大部分地区年均在l～3d。雷暴大风的影响范围较大,最多可达87个测站。雷暴大风的极大风力一般在8—9级,最大可达12级,极大风速的风向以西北风最多,但在7月以西南大风最多。雷暴大风与冰雹相比,二者出现月份和影响范围有明显差异,冰雹主要集中在4—6月,冰雹影响的范围远小于雷暴大风。 相似文献
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通过建立的预报方程,把大风预报数值化。通过对王盘山和嵊泗3年来出现的大风个例的对比分析,找出杭州湾大风的主导风向;各季节二站风向风速之间的特点,利用二个测站的空间相关性,建立线性预报方程,来预报短期的杭州湾的风。而中期预报,则是通过PPM方法,采用前一天20时的欧洲数值预报资料,做出杭州湾3~5天内,每一天的最大平均风速和风向,在此基础上加上一级为阵风风速。 相似文献
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基于相同站点的济南边界层风廓线雷达(WPR)和L波段雷达大风探空测风(以下简称LW)资料,采用相关、拟合、廓线分析等方法,系统地对比两者大风(≥10.8 m·s~(-1))数据的各统计特征、相关性、时空变化规律的异同。结果表明:(1)两者u分量、v分量、风向、风速的相关系数分别为0.973、0.965、0.994、0.665,标准偏差分别为2.04 m·s~(-1)、2.88 m·s~(-1)、10.82°、2.53 m·s~(-1),大风数据相关性总体较高,且相关系数风向优于风速的、降水样本优于非降水的,表明WPR观测大风数据可信、降水期间WPR水平大风数据可以使用。(2)两者大风风向、风速基本一致,但在低层差异较高层的大,尤其是340 m及以下高度层更显著,降水、非降水、全部样本在2980、1900、2740 m以下WPR风向值均略小于LW,而在1300、2740、1660 m以下WPR风速值均略大于LW。(3)两者资料互补性总体较好,大风风向、风速、v分量差值随高度变化符合对数律递增或递减规律,但u分量需分段拟合;在进行回归方程求算和资料互补时,应考虑差异随高度等的变化。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献