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1.
探空气球漂移位置订正在MM5模式中的应用研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对模式MM5V37中客观分析系统加以改进,并采用包含有实际探空气球在各个气压层上精确的经纬度信息的新型探空资料,加以研究探空资料随高度的漂移对高分辨率中尺度数值模式MM5V37的影响。通过对一次层状云降水个例的模拟可看出:位置订正所带来的初始场差异在低层较小,高层较大,且在500 hPa以上较明显;位置订正对模拟的气象要素场的修正有明显的正面效果,对强降水天气系统的反映比较敏感;模拟结果对于雨区分布和强降水中心的位置有较大改进;位置订正后的评分总体优于不加探空和不加漂移的评分,随着模式分辨率的提高,位置订正后对小量级降水的模拟效果欠佳,但对大量级降水的模拟效果较好。 相似文献
2.
利用中尺度非静力数值模式MM5,结合降水实况、红外卫星云图和雷达回波资料,对2007年8月8-11日发生在雷州半岛的致洪特大暴雨的形成机理进行了模拟分析和研究,包括雨量、动力热力特征、三维结构以及发展变化。结果表明,模拟雨带与实况位置吻合,中心强度与实况基本一致,强降水中心出现的时间略偏迟。此次强降水是由于受“帕布”减弱后的外围环流及其西南伸展的辐合槽带的天气形势影响,具有中尺度对流系统的特征。强降水落区与涡度场、散度场和垂直速度场有着较好的对应关系,强降水发生落区表现为明显的螺旋结构。在低层为正涡度区和负散度区,到中层后转为负涡度区和正散度区,强降水区域内低层辐合高层辐散,强烈的上升运动是导致强降水的主要原因． 相似文献
3.
《湖北气象》2017,(4)
利用常规观测资料以及小时观测降水量资料,对2014年8月31日—9月2日重庆地区一次大暴雨过程进行分析,在此基础上采用中尺度数值模式WRF及其三维变分同化系统WRF 3D-Var将常规探空观测资料同化进NECP/NCAR再分析资料产生初始场,对比分析同化与未同化常规探空资料的模式模拟的降水量分布特征及同化探空观测资料对模式模拟的中尺度系统结构特征的影响。结果表明,此次暴雨的发生是在对流层高层200 hPa南亚高压与高空急流造成的高层辐散、500 hPa大槽靠近以及副热带高压西移这种有利的大尺度环流背景下,对流层低层的西南低涡、切变线、低空急流在重庆地区发生发展的结果。对比分析模式的模拟结果,两次模拟都较好地再现了此次暴雨过程的大尺度环流特征,同化探空观测资料后模拟的降水落区分布及量级得到改善,对暴雨以上量级的降水改进尤为明显。模式初始时刻分析场的增量表明,与此次暴雨过程的形成发展密切相关的大尺度系统(南亚高压、副热带高压)、中尺度系统(低涡、急流)以及水汽输送在初始场同化常规探空资料后均得到了增强,这为对流系统的发展维持提供了更加有利的条件。降水最强时刻强降水区域的垂直结构分析显示,在同化探空观测资料后,模式模拟的散度、涡度、垂直速度以及大气热力结构的强度和高度较未同化探空资料的结果都得到了不同程度的增强,这表明同化探空观测资料改进了模式初始场的分布特征,进而对模式模拟的中尺度对流系统的结构产生重要影响。 相似文献
4.
LAPS是中国气象局武汉暴雨研究所引进的中尺度分析系统,能融合区域内多种非常规观测资料,提供高分辨率中尺度分析场。该文对探空资料和LAPS分析场两种初始场的大气层结和环境风场信息进行了比较,并应用探空资料和不同时次的降雹点的LAPS分析场作为三维对流云模式的初始场对2008年7月27日、28日湖北西部山区冰雹天气过程进行数值模拟,并将模拟结果与观测实况进行了对比分析,最后对27日降雹过程应用临近降雹时次的LAPS分析场作为云模式初始场模拟的回波、风场和垂直速度等特征进行了分析,以探讨LAPS用于云数值模式的适用性、优越性以及冰雹云发生发展特点。结果表明: LAPS输出场用于云模式初始场进行冰雹云数值模拟具有时空上的优势,能更好地模拟出午后局地降雹,可以弥补探空资料作为云模式初始场的不足,应用临近时次的LAPS分析场作为云模式初始场的数值模拟能体现出冰雹云发展过程中多次增强等细节,有利于人工防雹作业预警和催化方案的确定。 相似文献
5.
华南地区中尺度模式预报的初值影响分析 总被引：9，自引：6，他引：9
基于GRAPES 3D-Vat同化系统，介绍了根据静力平衡关系由高度场的增量来计算温度场的增量的方法，并结合常规探空资料同化，针对影响华南地区的一次冷空气过程的个例，分析了常规观测资料对初始场的影响。采用GRAPES区域中尺度模式进行了控制试验和同化试验，观测资料的检验表明，资料同化对GRAPES中尺度模式预报有正面影响，初始时刻预报敏感性较大并且变化较快，靠近地面的低层预报敏感性较为复杂，常规探空资料对高层大气预报能力的提高相对于中低层较小。 相似文献
6.
采用中国气象局2014年6月1日—30日14时加密探空资料,利用华东区域中尺度数值预报业务系统比较同化加密探空观测资料前后模式预报结果的差异。研究表明,同化加密探空资料后,对模式初始时刻不同高度的位势高度、比湿、温度、风速等变量均有一定的影响;对位势高度、温度和风场的影响在高层100—150 h Pa比较显著,而对比湿的影响主要体现在低层700—750 h Pa。同化加密探空资料后模式初始场更接近实况。批量数值试验的统计检验表明,同化加密探空观测资料后对强降水及形势场预报均有不同程度改进,24 h暴雨和大暴雨量级降水的预报技巧分别提高了2.5%和8.1%。 相似文献
7.
为了考察探空资料随高度的漂移对高分辨率数值预报模式的影响, 充分发掘探空资料的应用价值, 根据探空资料的探测原理, 设计定位方案, 计算出了各气压层上探空气球所处的实际位置。对位置订正前后的资料分别用3D-VAR系统进行同化, 将同化结果作为WRF模式的初始场进行数值预报并对预报效果进行对比分析。结果表明:探空气球在施放过程中的漂移距离远远超过目前数值模式可取的水平分辨率; 所设计的探空气球定位方案对水平分辨率为10 km ×10 km的数值预报模式基本是可用的; 总的来讲, 位置订正对分析增量场的改变与原分析增量场相比小一个量级。模式预报结果显示, 探空资料的定位使降水预报效果得到了改善。研究表明, 将各气压层上探空资料订正到实际位置对高分辨率数值预报模式的预报效果有一定程度的正面影响, 但仍需要更多的个例来验证。 相似文献
8.
利用常规探空和地面观测站资料、ERA5 0.25°×0.25°再分析资料和ECMWF预报资料,对2022年6月12—13日江西中南部的暴雨过程进行分析。结果表明：1） 此次暴雨过程是在副热带高压和南亚高压稳定少动、西风槽携带冷空气南下的环流背景下,500 hPa高空槽、低层切变线、低空西南急流和地面静止锋共同作用造成的。2） 低层辐合、高层辐散产生深厚的垂直上升运动,为强降水的持续提供动力条件,低空暖湿西南急流输送的充足水汽,有利于江西中南部不稳定能量的积累。3） EC暴雨落区预报偏北的主要原因是天气系统位置较实况偏北,700 hPa垂直速度大值区偏北、对流性降水预报偏弱和地形影响也是暴雨漏报的重要因素。4） 584 dagpm特征线的位置变化对此次暴雨落区向南订正有较好的指示意义。在暴雨预报中,不仅要考虑锋面大尺度降水,还要考虑暖区对流性降水,关注低层强动力辐合区域,结合中尺度数值模式产品,可以有效对主雨带位置和强度进行订正。 相似文献
9.
一次强沙尘暴和雪暴天气过程的诊断及模拟分析 总被引：3，自引：5，他引：3
利用基本气象资料和T213数值预报产品资料,对发生在内蒙古大部分地区的一次强风、强沙尘暴、强雪暴和强降温天气过程进行了动力诊断和模拟分析。结果表明,强冷空气活动是造成多种灾害的主要动力,高空急流是强风的动量来源,蒙古气旋强烈发展造成的气压梯度风加剧了地面大风和沙尘暴。强烈的冷、暖平流空间配置使大风、沙尘暴和降温更为剧烈。散度场的空间配置有利于沙尘暴、暴风雪的发展。高空西风急流对低空西南急流具有耦合和触发作用,低空西南急流的建立和长距离的水汽输送与辐合,成为内蒙古东部产生暴雪的重要条件,低层东风切变带中的正涡度平流的输送,叠加到了较好的水汽输送及辐合区域,加大了降雪。后期低层西北急流的形成,是产生暴风雪的重要原因。数值模拟结果表明,模拟高压、低压中心位置和强度与实况较为吻合,气旋的气压梯度强度与实况较为接近;冷暖平流在分布区域、输送方向、强中心位置上也与实况具有较相似的特征,但是温度平流模拟的结果在量值上略大于实况。 相似文献
10.
运用中尺度暴雨MRM模式,采用常规报文资料作为初始场,对2003年7月8-10日的一次江淮地区暴雨过程进行数值模拟。结果表明：该模式对降水场模拟结果同实况基本相似,模式对暴雨的位置、强度、中心都有较好的模拟,嬲评分较高;西南气流对水汽的输送作用及江淮地区上空水汽通量的高值区,为暴雨的形成与维持提供了重要的水汽条件,水汽辐合区与暴雨落区相对应;中低层辐合、高层辐散的散度垂直分布形势,对暴雨的发生提供了十分有利的动力条件;强降雨出现在低层正涡度中心和负散度中心附近。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
13.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
17.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
18.
19.
《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
DING Yihui WU Guoxiong Da-Lin ZHANG ZHANG Renhe Co-Chief Editors 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(5):669-670
As we will soon celebrate the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Meteorological Society （CMS）,Acta Meteorologica Sinica （AMS）,which was originally named as Bulletin of the Chinese Meteorological Society,has gone through 89 years of development and excitement since her first issue in July 1925.According to archived documents （CMS Editorial Committee,1925）,AMS was founded to report the research findings of Chinese meteorologists,record their recommendations for improving meteorological services,and share their common meteorological interests in order to promote the growth of AMS such that more members could be inspired to conduct atmospheric research and meteorological knowledge would be better disseminated to and benefit the general public.By upholding and carrying forward this purpose,AMS has published many highly valuable scientific papers.Some could be treated as classical articles,which have produced important influences on both domestic and international meteorological communities and the related fields. 相似文献