共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
云状的正确观测对降水测报具有指示性意义,云状自动识别技术是气象要素自动化观测领域的难题之一。本文基于全天空可见光成像仪采集的云图与中红外热像仪获取的云图结合,对天空云状进行分类和测量。结果表明:通过在北京、杭州和丽江气象台站采集的大量云图,从云图特征和降水指示性方面将云状划分为Clear、C_H、C_L、C_B及C_M共5类。选取14个色彩和纹理特征值作为云状计算参数,采用552张云图作为训练样本,信息分类利用特征值加权最小距离算法,对于5类500个被测样本进行云状的判别。对应自拟的标准云状分类,平均准确率为82%。基于可见光—红外图像信息融合的云状识别方法结合了可见光图像色彩信息丰富的特点及红外图像可以降低雾霾干扰的优势,对比单一可见光传感器云测量,准确性有所提高。本文在可见光与红外图像传感器等多种云观测设备的信息融合方面进行了有益的尝试。 相似文献
2.
1系统工作原理
DYYZⅡ型自动站是利用传感器的感应元件将外界实时的气象要素转变为各种物理量（如电阻、电压、频率、脉冲信号等）的变化，然后对输入信号进行整形、转换或放大，变为数据采集器可以直接测量的物理信号。同时该系统通过定时计算器根据不同的气象要素观测要求，控制其采样间隔时间，具有数据计算、统计、处理的功能，并可进行存贮。气象传感器输出的物理信号经数据采集器处理后通过标准RS-232通讯接口输入计算机，计算机通过此通讯口定时向数据采集器读取数据，并将数据处理、存贮，通过地面气象测报业务软件完成台站的业务使用。 相似文献
3.
湖泊模式为青藏高原湖-气相互作用研究提供了有效方法,而驱动数据对模拟结果影响显著,但目前用来驱动模式的再分析资料对高原不同地区湖泊的适用性依然不够清楚。利用野外观测数据、M ODIS地表温度数据和WRF耦合的一维湖泊模式,对比分析了中国区域高时空分辨率地面气象要素驱动数据集(简称ITPCAS)、ERA-Interim和NCEP/NCAR三套再分析资料在青藏高原地区纳木错、班公错和鄂陵湖三个不同深度湖泊的适用性,并对三套再分析资料的准确性进行了初步验证,进一步分析了不同校正方式后的再分析资料对模拟结果的影响。结果表明,用三套不同再分析资料作为模式驱动数据时,WRF耦合的一维湖泊模型均能够较好地模拟出高原湖泊表面温度的变化,但仍然与MODIS观测结果存在偏差。三套再分析资料中ITPCAS数据集的各气象要素与站点观测更为接近,ERA-Interim数据的向下长波和短波辐射比观测值偏大,NCEP/NCAR数据中的向下长波较观测值偏小而风速偏大。利用站点观测对再分析资料进行校正,ITPCAS数据进行全要素校正前后模拟结果差别不大,ERA-Interim和NCEP/NCAR进行全要素校正后模拟结果准确性显著提高;对于实地观测资料匮乏的地区,单独对ERA-Interim向下短波辐射数据进行校正以及同时对NCEP/NCAR气温和向下长波辐射数据进行校正均能优化湖表面温度的模拟结果。 相似文献
4.
广西桂林市临桂国家气象观测站2019年3月21日21:13观测到60.3m/s极端大风,数据使用单位对风速观测值的真实性提出了疑问。针对临桂站观测到的极大风速值,对观测场内主用、备用自动站观测资料进行分析,撤换风传感器进行检定,通过综合分析认为:(1)极端大风值出现前后临桂站的主、备自动站观测资料变化趋势一致,观测要素变化符合要素间的逻辑关系,临桂站的观测资料是可信的。(2)检定结果说明风速传感器的频率值与风速仍然存在很好的线性关系,根据新的线性关系订正出的风速值更接近临桂站当时极端大风的真实值。在分析和总结的同时,从数据质量控制、观测数据极值认定和订正应用、设备运维措施等三个方面提出了思考和建议。 相似文献
5.
霜露天气现象是气象观测中的重要观测内容,目前对霜露的观测多采用人工观测的方法,存在诸多弊端。本文在对电容式霜露传感器自动化观测原理进行简单介绍的基础上,重点对2014年9月至2014年12月4个月的设备试验数据进行了分析,把设备识别结果、人工观测结果以及标准器识别结果进行比对,结合设备安装地点周围的实际情况和温湿度信息,深入探讨了设备识别率、漏报率、错报率的变化情况以及导致设备识别率波动的原因。试验结果表明,电容式霜露传感器在一般自然环境中对霜露天气现象具有较好的识别率,在未来研究改进的基础上,具有应用于气象业务自动化观测的可能。 相似文献
6.
雨滴谱式降水现象仪目前已在国内台站大量列装,随着众多设备投入运行,全国各地大量真实的降水现象原始数据和粒子谱图数据可被测量记录,通过对其中部分数据的对比分析,发现雨滴谱式降水现象仪在现象判定准确性方面与人工观测还有一定差距。通过对国内真实观测数据的横向比对发现,发生降水天气现象的同时,相关气象要素值都会发生相应的变化,在完善现有算法的基础上,提出一种通过综合目前业务台站已有相关气象要素的实时数据进行现象综合判定的方法,从而解决因单一传感器观测原理和方式的局限性导致现象判定准确性不佳的问题,提高天气现象判定准确性。该方法的实质与人工观测某种天气现象时的工作原理保持一致。通过对部分已有天气现象对比观测数据的分析,在提出相应的阈值进行综合判定后,能够对部分现象的误报进行订正。通过对不同地域大量数据的分析汇总,这种方式能够解决部分由于仪器测量工作原理的局限性导致的单个仪器在现有条件下现象观测准确性无法完全达到人工观测水平的问题。 相似文献
7.
地面观测资料报文传输方式调整之后,值班观测员应注意小时内自动气象站的数据采集情况,在正点后通过《地面气象测报业务软件》的"正点地面观测数据维护"对数据进行检查,当发现自动气象站错误或数据异常时,应及时对疑误数据进行分析处理,完成对自动气象站数据的质量控制。通过对几例正点地面观测数据维护中典型异常数据的分析处理,帮助地面测报值班人员在日常工作中对正点地面观测疑误数据进行快速的判断和维护,做好自动气象站数据的质量控制,以保证地面气象要素上传数据文件内数据的完整性、时效性和质量。 相似文献
9.
正1引言由国家气象中心开发的软件"农业气象测报业务系统(AgMODOS)",自2010年1月1日起正式在全国范围内投入业务使用。农业气象测报业务系统由系统管理、农业气象测报数据编辑和农业气象测报数据应用服务三个主程序,以及帮助文档、系统参数文件、输入输出表单模板、数据库文件等组成。参数设置、观测簿的建立、观测数据录入和编辑、农业气象观测要素和旬(月)基本气象要素报文的生成、数据文件上传等,是目前该软件在吉林 相似文献
10.
<正>随着科技不断进步,自动观测逐渐代替了人工观测,主要气象要素已基本实现了仪器观测,因此自动气象观测设备的保障成为业务工作的重要部分。结合多年气象仪器维修经验,从地温传感器故障入手,分析故障原因并对地温传感器的连线方式与方法提出建议。1地温传感器工作原理地温传感器是能感受规定的被测量,按照一定的规律将被测量转换成可用输出信号的器件或装置,通常由敏感元件和转换元件组成。Pt100型铂电阻的阻值在一定测量范围内随温度的变化 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
13.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
14.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
15.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
16.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
17.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
18.
Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any 相似文献
19.
20.
《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang; 相似文献