共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
基于卫星产品和地面气象观测数据,构建遥感生态指数（Remote Sensing Ecological Environment Index,RSEI）和生物多样性维护功能指数（Biodiversity Maintenance Function Index,BMI）,对 2000~2019年大雪山生态红线区的生态环境状况和生物多样性维护功能进行评价,并分析了红线区气候变化特征。结果表明:（1）2000~2019年红线区生态环境状况总体呈变好趋势,RSEI一般及以上等级所占的面积比例达90%。红线区内生态环境状况区域差异明显,北部和中部生态环境较好,东南部生态环境较差。（2）2000~2019年红线区生物多样性功能持续改善,BMI一般及以上等级所占的面积比例达84.912%。红线区内BMI一般及以上等级主要位于北部、中部和西部部分地区,差和较差等级主要分布于东南部地区。（3）1990年以来,大雪山红线区显著增暖,降水充足,日照略增,风速略减。暖湿气候条件有利于红线区生态的恢复,使生态环境状况和生态功能趋于好转。 相似文献
2.
基于昌吉地区7个气象站1961－2020年降水量资料，计算昌吉地区作物生长季标准化降水指数（SPI-7）。运用趋势分析法、M-K突变检验法和小波分析法探究了昌吉地区作物生长季SPI-7指数的年际和年代变化特征；在此基础上分析了作物生长季干旱的站次比和干旱强度的年际变化,并结合该区实际发生的旱灾对SPI进行了验证。结果表明：1961—2020年昌吉地区作物生长季标准化降水指数以0.08/10 a的速率呈微弱的正趋势（变湿），在年代变化趋势中呈现出变干-变湿-变干的变化波动, 1981年标准化降水指数由低到高突变；干旱强度呈增加趋势，干旱发生的区域面积有轻微减少的趋势；干旱强度在全区范围内主要为轻旱和中旱等级，并表现为全域性干旱和区域性干旱；空间分布上看干旱率最高区域在东部地区，轻旱主要集中在东部，中旱、重旱和特旱集中在西部地区，干旱强度大的区域大致分布在西部地区；在周期性变化方面，SPI指数存在着6年、9年、16年周期震荡；历史旱灾与SPI指数干旱评价结果吻合率较高，SPI指数在昌吉地区作物生长季的干旱监测与分析中具有较好的实用性。 相似文献
3.
基于2017—2021的Landsat8/OLI影像，综合湿度、干度、热度、绿度4个指标，通过空间主成分分析方法(PCA)构建RSEI综合指数指标，借助遥感质量从空间和时间角度分析丹霞山近5年生态质量变化。结果表明：(1)RSEI指数可以从绿度、湿度、干度和热度4个生态角度综合表达丹霞山的生态质量，绿度和湿度对生态质量起积极作用，其中绿度对RSEI的贡献度最大，表明植被是丹霞山生态系统最重要的影响因素；(2)近5年丹霞山RSEI指数均在0.68以上，其中2021年较2017上升了20.6%,表明丹霞山的生态质量整体水平较高，且生态质量呈上升趋势；(3)2021年生态质量为良级以上的面积占了丹霞山绝大部分面积，生态质量为优级的面积较2017年增幅达到65.94%,表明近5年丹霞生态质量提升明显。 相似文献
4.
塞罕坝地区是我国生态文明建设的典范区,本文对塞罕坝地区多年气温和降水的大尺度环流异常进行合成分析,研究其环流特征及关键环流因子。结果表明：1962-2020年塞罕坝地区气温总体呈偏高趋势,春、秋、冬季降水呈偏多趋势,夏季降水呈偏少趋势。大尺度环流背景下,各季节影响塞罕坝地区气温和降水的主要因子不同,通过挑选最优因子分析得出：塞罕坝地区受大气环流指数影响明显,春季太平洋-北美遥相关型指数（PNA）、夏季北大西洋涛动指数（NAO）、秋季西太平洋遥相关型指数（WP）、冬季高原季风指数（PMI）与该地气温和降水有较好的关系。 相似文献
5.
选取与生态环境相关的10个遥感反演指数,应用主成分分析法,构建生态环境状况指数（Remote Sensing Ecological Environment Index,RSEI）和水源涵养功能指数（Water Conservation Index,WCI）并进行等级划分,评估了2000~2019年雅砻江源生态保护红线区生态环境状况、水源涵养能力及其时空格局变化。结果表明:（1）雅砻江源生态保护红线区RSEI东部略好于西部,评价等级优的区域面积占比为15.96%、良占51.28%、一般占27.61%、较差占5.13%。RESI变化趋势呈轻度改善的地区占比为52.96%,其中东北部以轻度改善为主,东部以轻度退化为主,生态环境极显著退化区域分布零散。（2）雅砻江源生态保护红线区水源涵养生态功能保持良好,北部优于南部,WCI评价等级为差、较差和一般的区域主要分布在中部和南部部分地区,较为零散。WCI评价等级优的区域面积占比为43.22%、良占35.71%、一般占17.45%、较差占3.48%、差占0.02%。WCI变化趋势在西北部以轻度改善为主且空间差异较大,在南部以显著改善为主。（3）1990年以来,研究区气温上升速率为0.56℃/10 a,生长季平均气温上升速率为0.1℃/10 a,降水量上升速率为27.7 mm/10 a,生长季平均降水量上升速率为83.5 mm/10 a。（4）2000~2019年雅砻江源生态保护红线区气候暖湿化对于植被恢复性生长、碳储和减少水土流失均十分有利,生态环境状况和水源涵养功能得以持续改善。 相似文献
6.
基于湖北省1961—2020年71个国家站逐日降水数据，利用降水异常指数Z和线性分析等方法，分析不同地区降水特征及与旱涝关系，结果表明：（1）湖北省年均降水自北向南递增，山区冬夏季雨日相当，降水量鄂西山区>鄂东山区>江汉平原>汉江河谷；（2）雨日随等级减小，大等级降水多发生于鄂东南。鄂西北暴雨占比最小，鄂西南各等级降水相当，江汉平原及以东地区中雨及以上量级降水贡献率较大；（3）年均雨日呈衰减趋势，降水量相反，而山地平原夏季雨日贡献率增加。小等级降水比例减小，年代际变化中降水日数呈减少趋势，而降水量“中间偏多，两端偏少”；（4）雨日对降水量的贡献率远高于降水强度。暴雨的距平变化可基本反映旱涝年。 相似文献
7.
利用2000—2020年MOD13Q1和气象观测数据, 结合Sen趋势分析、M-K显著性检验、变异系数、Hurst指数、相关系数等对呼伦贝尔地区归一化植被指数(NDVI)时空变化及气候响应进行分析。结果表明: 呼伦贝尔地区多年生长季平均NDVI为0.63, 平均年变化倾向率为0.028/10 a, 大部分地区呈增加趋势, 其中大兴安岭森林大部及岭西耕地增加显著。呼伦贝尔地区生长季NDVI的平均变异系数为0.08, 其中呼伦贝尔草原西部的波动较大。Hurst指数表明, 呼伦贝尔地区生长季NDVI整体变化呈反持续性趋势, 结合现有NDVI变化趋势, 未来将呈下降趋势, 对生态环境的保护工作较为不利。大兴安岭森林生长季NDVI与气温呈正相关, 耕地与草原区呈负相关, 而呼伦贝尔大部分地区的生长季NDVI与降水普遍呈正相关, 其中呼伦贝尔草原和大兴安岭两麓耕地的生长季NDVI与降水相关显著, 说明气温是制约北部大兴安岭森林生长的主要因素, 而降水是制约呼伦贝尔草原生态平衡和农牧业发展的主要因素。 相似文献
8.
文章对近50a（1961—2010年）内蒙古呼伦贝尔地区的年、汛期和冬春季降水量和降水距平百分率（R%）作了统计,发现年R%和冬春季R%呈上升趋势,汛期R%略呈下降趋势;通过对年R%与大气环流指数、海温的相关分析发现：前期副热带高压（副高）、北半球极涡、大西洋欧洲环流C型、西藏高原位势高度和印缅槽（南支槽）强度指数等均与年R%密切相关,当北半球极涡收缩、强度减弱,副高扩张、强度加强,西藏高原位势高度偏高,南支槽减弱时,有利于来年呼伦贝尔地区降水,否则,相反。此外,前一年夏季北印度洋海域和赤道东太平洋海域海温对呼伦贝尔地区来年降水有显著影响,这两块海区的海温和上述环流指数可考虑作为呼伦贝尔地区年降水的预测信号使用。 相似文献
9.
文中基于1972—2021年长三角地区国家基本气象观测站的逐日降水资料,利用线性趋势分析、合成分析等方法分析了长三角地区夏季降水的时空分布特征,并讨论了夏季降水异常的可能成因。结果表明：1） 长三角地区夏季降水呈显著上升趋势,且具有明显的年际变化特征;空间分布呈南多北少的特征,降水大值区主要位于安徽南部和浙江南部沿海地区。2） 长三角地区夏季降水偏多年,东亚沿岸上空为明显的东亚太平洋（East Asia Pacific,EAP）遥相关型的负位相。夏季降水与西太平洋副热带高压面积、强度指数呈显著正相关关系,与脊线位置指数呈显著负相关关系。3） 长三角地区夏季降水与孟加拉湾、阿拉伯海、西太平洋和东北太平洋的海温呈显著正相关关系,与副热带东北太平洋海温呈显著负相关关系。 相似文献
10.
内蒙古东部近54年气候变化对生态环境演变的影响 总被引：14，自引：2，他引：14
利用4个代表站1951—2004年温度和降水资料，通过气候统计诊断分析方法，从气候要素变化趋势、基本气候状态特征以及生态环境演化趋势等方面，研究气候变化对生态环境演变的影响。结果表明：（1）近54年来东部区温度呈显著的升高态势。降水量波动性较大，总体上呈缓慢的增加趋势，但趋势不明显，属于气候自然波动的范围，而1998年至本世纪降水量呈下降趋势，并存在11年和22年的周期性变化。（2）无论是温度还是降水，目前都处于高的气候基本态和高气候变率时期，致使极端气候事件呈增加趋势。气候的变干、变暖以及变率的增大，加剧了内蒙古东部地区干旱化的程度。由此引起一系列生态环境问题，如湿地萎缩、草场退化等。（3）从示范区卫星遥感资料获悉，固定沙地面积的增加，说明科尔沁沙地沙漠化整体出现生态良性好转，但各类沙地图斑数的增加，表明在目前的气候条件下，沙地破碎化程度加剧，沙漠化局部有所恶化。 相似文献
11.
Xin HANG Yachun LI Xiaochun LUO Min XU Xiuzhen HAN 《Journal of Meteorological Research》2020,(2):280-293
Assessing the ecological status of different districts within a city undergoing urbanization is challenging given their complex surface types and fast pace of development.In this study,we utilized satellite data obtained from Landsat5/TM(Thematic Mapper)and Landsat 8/OLI(Operational Land Imager)images in conjunction with meteorological and socioeconomic data to construct a remote sensing ecological index(RSEI)for monitoring the ecological quality of Nanjing,Jiangsu Province.A higher RSEI value corresponded to better ecological quality.Five ratings were associated with RSEI values of city districts:very poor,poor,average,good,and excellent.In Nanjing,the percentage of areas evidencing good RSEI ratings decreased from 55.9%in 2000 to 48.0%in 2018,whereas there was a slight increase in areas with very poor RSEI ratings during this period.Of the 11 city districts,16.8%,21.8%,and 61.4%respectively evidenced the increasing,decreasing,and stable ecological quality relative to their quality in 2000.Of the11 administrative districts in Nanjing,the main urban districts evidenced increased RSEI values in 2018 compared with those in 2000,with the improved areas exceeding the ones that had deteriorated in these districts.However,the ecological quality of new urban and ed because of the urban expansion,with areas that had deteriorated exceeding the improved ones.Of the three protected ecological zones,the quality of Zijin Mountain National Forest Park was considerably better than that of Laoshan and Jiangxinzhou.Overall,the urbanization rate and RSEI evidenced a high negative correlation coefficient value(-0.76).The urbanization process of Nanjing induced a declining trend for the ecological quality,indicating the need of strong protection measures for the maintenance or improvement of its ecological environment. 相似文献
12.
Assessing the Ecological Quality of Nanjing during Its Urbanization Process by Using Satellite,Meteorological, and Socioeconomic Data 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Assessing the ecological status of different districts within a city undergoing urbanization is challenging given their complex surface types and fast pace of development. In this study, we utilized satellite data obtained from Landsat 5/TM (Thematic Mapper) and Landsat 8/OLI (Operational Land Imager) images in conjunction with meteorological and socioeconomic data to construct a remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) for monitoring the ecological quality of Nanjing, Jiangsu Province. A higher RSEI value corresponded to better ecological quality. Five ratings were associated with RSEI values of city districts: very poor, poor, average, good, and excellent. In Nanjing, the percentage of areas evidencing good RSEI ratings decreased from 55.9% in 2000 to 48.0% in 2018, whereas there was a slight increase in areas with very poor RSEI ratings during this period. Of the 11 city districts, 16.8%, 21.8%, and 61.4% respectively evidenced the increasing, decreasing, and stable ecological quality relative to their quality in 2000. Of the 11 administrative districts in Nanjing, the main urban districts evidenced increased RSEI values in 2018 compared with those in 2000, with the improved areas exceeding the ones that had deteriorated in these districts. However, the ecological quality of new urban and ed because of the urban expansion, with areas that had deteriorated exceeding the improved ones. Of the three protected ecological zones, the quality of Zijin Mountain National Forest Park was considerably better than that of Laoshan and Jiangxinzhou. Overall, the urbanization rate and RSEI evidenced a high negative correlation coefficient value (−0.76). The urbanization process of Nanjing induced a declining trend for the ecological quality, indicating the need of strong protection measures for the maintenance or improvement of its ecological environment. 相似文献
13.
陇东地区近5年植被变化与降水的关系 总被引：5，自引：8，他引：5
利用NOAA卫星AVHRR遥感资料，对甘肃省陇东地区1997—2001年地表植被指数的空间分布和年变化进行了分析，并对相应时段内的降水量与植被指数之间的关系，以及降水对该地区植被的影响进行了分析。结果表明，该5年陇东地区平均植被有减小趋势，但北部有所增加；降水量的多少对地表植被的月变化起重要作用，特别是对农作物区植被的影响；对于林区植被，降水的年际变化对地表植被的影响比较小，森林区植被指数最高；2000年及2001年的1～6月，尤其是2001年植被指数最低。 相似文献
14.
为了解邛崃山生态保护红线区生态环境及生物多样性维护状况,利用卫星遥感和地形数据,运用主成分分析法,建立遥感生态指数和生物多样性维护功能指数模型,对邛崃山生态保护红线区2000~2019年生态环境状况和生物多样性状况开展监测评估。结果表明:就遥感生态指数而言,近20a区域平均值为0.642~0.680,红线区南部多为高值区,北部多为低值区,评价等级为优的区域面积呈明显上升趋势,东北部及西南部的低值区略有扩大,呈弱恶化趋势;就生物多样性维护功能指数而言,近20a区域平均值为0.482~0.522,红线区南部多为高值区,北部多为低值区,多样性功能整体表现为缓慢增强,其中功能评价等级为强的区域面积呈显著增长趋势,而东北部功能等级改善效果不明显;邛崃山生态保护红线区生态环境状况整体较好,南部优于北部,生态环境状况和生物多样性大部分区域有所提升,小部分区域有所下降。 相似文献
15.
The climatic warming and humidification observed in the arid region of Northwest China(ARNC) and their impacts on the ecological environment have become an issue of concern. The associated multi-scale characteristics and environmental responses are currently poorly understood. Using data from satellite remote sensing, field observations, and the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 6, this paper systematically analyzes the process and scale characteristics of the climatic warming and humidification in the ARNC and their impacts on ecological vegetation. The results show that not only have temperature and precipitation increased significantly in the ARNC over the past 60 years, but the increasing trend of precipitation is also obviously intensifying. The dryness index, which comprehensively considers the effects of precipitation and temperature, has clearly decreased, and the trend in humidification has increased. Spatially, the trend of temperature increase has occurred over the entire region, while 93.4% of the region has experienced an increase in precipitation, suggesting a spatially consistent climatic warming and humidification throughout the ARNC. Long-term trends and interannual changes in temperature and precipitation dominate the changes in climatic warming and humidification. Compared to interannual variations in temperature, the trend change of temperature contributes more to the overall temperature change. However, the contribution of interannual variations in precipitation is greater than that of the precipitation trend to the overall precipitation change. The current climatic warming and humidification generally promote the growth of ecological vegetation. Since the 1980 s,82.4% of the regional vegetation has thrived. The vegetation index has a significant positive correlation with precipitation and temperature. However, it responds more significantly to interannual precipitation variation, although the vegetation response varies significantly under different types of land use. The warming and humidification of the climate in the ARNC are probably related to intensifications of the westerly wind circulation and ascending air motions.They are expected to continue in the future, although the strength of the changes will probably be insufficient to significantly change the basic climate pattern in the ARNC. The results of this study provide helpful information for decision making related to China's "Belt and Road" development strategies. 相似文献
16.
The impact of warming and wetting on the ecological environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (TP) under the background of climate change has been a concern of the global scientific community. In this paper, the optimized interpolation variational correction approach is adopted for the analysis of monthly high-resolution satellite precipitation products and observations from meteorological stations during the past 20 years. As a result, the corrected precipitation products can not only supplement the “blank area” of precipitation observation stations on the TP, but also improve the accuracy of the original satellite precipitation products. The precipitation over the TP shows different spatial changes in the vegetation growing season, known as the time from May to September. The precipitation in the vegetation growing season and leaf area index (LAI) in the following month show a similar change pattern, indicating a “one-month lag” response of LAI to precipitation on the TP. Further analysis illustrates the influence of water vapor transport driven by the Asian summer monsoon. Water vapor derived from trans-equatorial air flows across the Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea is strengthened, leading to the increase of precipitation in the central and northern TP, where the trend of warming and wetting and the increase of vegetation tend to be more obvious. By contrast, as a result of the weakening trend of water vapor transport in the middle and low levels in southern TP, the precipitation decreases, and the LAI shows a downtrend, which inhibits the warming and wetting ecological environment in this area. 相似文献
17.
我国春季降水与青藏高原东南部冬季归一化植被指数变化的关系 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
利用1982年1月～2001年12月归一化植被指数(NDVI)资料、台站实测降水资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料, 通过相关分析和合成分析等方法, 初步分析了我国春季降水与青藏高原冬季植被变化的关系。结果发现, 我国春季降水与青藏高原冬季NDVI有较明显的相关关系。一般而言, 高原冬季NDVI大值年时, 贵州至两广地区降水减少, 两湖平原和鄱阳湖平原降水增加, 长江流域以北至东北的广大地区降水将减少, 特别是黄河与长江之间地区降水量偏少可达40 mm以上。高原冬季NDVI与我国东部季风区春季降水的相关系数呈 “－＋－” 的分布状态。100°E～130°E各月降水及其差值时空剖面分析也可看到其差异。文章也初步分析了高原冬季NDVI大值年和小值年春季海平面气压场、 850 hPa风场、 500 hPa高度场以及700 hPa垂直运动场的差异, 从分析结果可以看到, 亚洲和西太平洋地区大气环流的差异也同样明显。可见, 青藏高原冬季NDVI的大小将通过改变亚洲和西太平洋地区春季大气环流的分布状态, 导致冬季风和夏季风爆发和进退差异, 从而引起我国春季降水的变化。 相似文献