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赤道东太平洋海表温月异常的数值试验 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文利用中科院大气物理研究所的两层大气环流模式（ＩＡＰ－ＧＣＭⅡ）作了冬季赤道东太平洋地区海表水温月异常增暖对气环流及我国气候影响的数值试验。结果表明,该处海表水温的异常增暖能引起中太平洋信风带Ｗａｌｋｅｒ环流的改变并激发同中高纬度３０－５０天的低频振荡;当该异常结束后,其后效仍会对我国的气候产生影响。 相似文献
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厄尔尼诺事件对辽宁气候的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
厄尔尼诺是指赤道东太平洋海表温度异常升高的现象,当该现象发生时,尤其是秘鲁沿岸的海温异常增暖,会导致热带大范围降水区的位移,太平洋东、西部大范围出现区域性的洪涝和干旱。大气环流的异常还会影响到中高纬地区,使世界上许多地区出现大范围气候异常,对社会和经济建设有巨大的影响,是目前公认的影响全球大气环流和世界气候的强信号。 相似文献
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厄尔尼诺是指赤道东太平洋海表温度异常升高的现象,当该现象发生时,尤其是秘鲁沿岸的海温异常增暖,会导致热带大范围降水区的位移,太平洋东、西部大范围出现区域性的洪涝和干旱。大气环流的异常还会影响到中高纬地区,使世界上许多地区出现大范围气候异常,对社会和经济建设有巨大的影响,是目前公认的影响全球大气环流和世界气候的强信号。关于厄尔尼诺事件对我国及东北地区气候的影响,国内已有不少研究和明确结论,但对辽宁气候的影响研究不是很多。本文试图在厄尔尼诺对辽宁夏季气候影响分析的基础上,通过对厄尔尼诺发生特征进行分… 相似文献
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本文是用简单海一气耦合模型模拟温盐环流在全球增暖事件中作用的研究工作的第二部分。在研究海－气耦合系统的增暖过程之前，我们先利用单独的大西洋温盐环流模式模拟和分析了海表热异常向深海的传输过程。结果表明温盐环流在海洋对热异常的响应过程中是被削弱的；对各种物理过程在热异常向深海传输过程中的作用的分析表明，对流在热异常由海表向深海的输送过程中起着关键的作用。在这基础上，我们利用本文第一部分中复制的二维海洋温盐环流模式和一个零维的能量平衡大气模式，在大气和海洋表层始终处于热平衡状态的假定下建立了一个高度简化的海气耦合系统，用数值试验方法研究了该系统对于和大气ＣＯ２浓度突然加倍相当的辐射强迫的迁延响应，着重分析了温盐环流在全球增暖过程中的作用。结果表明：１）两大洋的平衡响应结果有显著差别：太平洋是温盐环流的上翻区，热量主要通过扩散过程由海表向深海渗透，因而海表升温较快，深海加热较慢，而且增温幅度几乎是南北均一的；在北大西洋深水形成区。由于对流与垂直平流共同作用，海表吸收的热量迅速下传，使得大西洋平均海表增温速度要比太平洋慢。而其深海增温则要快得多，并且增温幅度在南北方向是不均匀的。（２）北大西洋在增暖过程中由于其温度垂 相似文献
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利用1979-2012年我国160站逐月降水资料、NOAA全球海洋表面温度资料和NCEP-DOE大气环流再分析资料,采用统计分析方法研究了北太平洋海表增暖对我国西北秋雨年代际变化的影响。结果表明:西北秋雨在2000年前后经历了年代际跃变,1986-1999年为少雨期,2000-2012年为多雨期。进一步分析表明:西北秋雨的年代际变化与北太平洋海表增暖关系密切,北太平洋海温偏暖时,东亚一北太平洋地区的大气温度升高,引起东亚地区的南北温差减弱,使东亚西风急流减弱,急流中心偏北,东亚中纬度地区气压升高,导致异常东风水汽输送带偏强,造成西北秋雨异常偏多。 相似文献
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本文根据ＴＯＧＡ研究计划第１，２，３，８个航次考察结果，计算了热带西太平洋海－气热量交换值。研究结果表明：在热带气旋环流内海－气界面热量交换非常强烈，在双子台风环流内Ｑｋ出现负值，在台风环流内Ｑｅ也出现减弱现象。１９８６／１９８７年ＥｌＮｉｎｏ事件发生后，热带中太平洋水温异常增暖，热带西太平洋西部洋域表层水也在增暖，但是，热带西太平洋洋域海－气界面间热量交换反而减弱。西风爆发首先出现在中太平洋热带洋域，然后逐渐往西扩展。 相似文献
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020106 西太平洋暖池区海表水温暖异常对东亚夏季风影响的研究 总被引：15，自引：2，他引：13
对夏季热带西太平洋暖池区海表水温暖异常年的东亚大气环流做了合成分析,然后用奇异值分解(SVD)方法做了进一步统计检验,揭示了东亚夏季风变异与暖池区海表水温异常的密切关系和它们间最佳耦合模态.结果发现当夏季暖池区暖异常时,在对流层低层西太平洋地区可产生一个强的反气旋偏差环流,使得副热带高压南侧东风气流大大加强,并向西伸展到中南半岛南部,从而影响了东南亚热带和副热带地区西南季风的变化(强/弱).中南半岛至中国东部大陆夏季风增强,赤道东印度洋、南海南部和中部、西太平洋热带地区夏季风减弱.SVD分析还发现经向风和纬向风与海表水温之间各存在两个最佳耦合模态,结果表明,不仅整个暖池海表水温暖/冷异常对东亚大气环流异常有重要影响,而且暖池区内海表水温有显著的暖和冷异常差异时,对东亚大气环流的影响也很明显(耦合总体平方协方差约占总体协方差的0.20),尤其是在南海至长江以南地区. 相似文献
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北极海冰融化影响东亚冬季天气和气候的研究进展以及学术争论焦点问题 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
北极历来是影响东亚冬季天气、气候的关键区域之一。北极表面增暖要比全球平均快2~3倍,即所谓北极的放大效应。随着全球增暖的持续以及北极海冰的持续融化,北极的生态环境正在发生显著的变化,进而可能对北半球中、低纬度的天气、气候产生影响。本文概述了有关北极海冰融化影响冬季东亚天气、气候的主要研究进展,特别是自2000年以来,北极海冰异常偏少影响东亚冬季气候变率以及极端严寒事件的可能途径、存在的科学问题,以及学术界的争论焦点。秋、冬季节是北极海冰快速形成时期,此时北极海冰对大气环流的影响要强于大气对海冰的影响。近二十年来的研究结果表明,北极海冰异常偏少,不仅影响北冰洋局地的气温和降水变化,而且通过复杂的相互作用和反馈过程,对北半球中、低纬度的天气、气候产生影响。北极海冰通过以下两个可能机制来影响东亚冬季的天气、气候:（1）北极海冰的负反馈机制;（2）由海冰异常偏少引起的平流层-对流层相互作用机制。秋、冬季节北极海冰持续异常偏少,特别是,巴伦支海-喀拉海海冰异常偏少,既可以加强冬季西伯利亚高压（东亚冬季风偏强）,也可以导致冬季风偏弱。导致海冰影响不确定性的部分原因是:（1）夏季北极大气环流状态影响北极海冰异常偏少对冬季大气环流的反馈效果;（2）冬季大气环流对北极海冰异常偏少响应的位置、强度不同造成的。秋、冬季节北极海冰持续异常偏少,在适宜的条件下（例如,前期夏季北极大气环流的热力和动力条件,有利于加强北极海冰偏少对冬季大气的反馈作用）,可以激发出有利于冬季亚洲大陆极端严寒过程的大气环流异常。目前学术界争论焦点主要集中在以下两个方面:（1）关于北极增暖、北极海冰融化对中纬度区域影响的争论;（2）关于1980年代后期以来,冬季欧亚大陆表面气温呈现降温趋势的原因。目前,有关北极海冰融化影响冬季欧亚大陆次季节变化以及极端天气、气候事件的过程和机制,我们认知非常有限,亟需开展深入细致的研究。 相似文献
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东亚和西北太平洋地区气候的准10年尺度振荡及其可能机制 总被引：14，自引：1，他引：13
本文基于对气候、大气环流和海表水温的资料分析以及简单的理想化海气耦合模式的分析,研究了东亚和西北太平洋地区气候的准１０年振荡及其可能机制。研究表明,东亚和西北太平洋地区的气候（降水和地面气温等）和大气环流（环流指数和副高活动等）的演变都有明显的准１０年振荡;同赤道太平洋ＳＳＴＡ主要为ＥＮＳＯ循环不同,西北太平洋ＳＳＴＡ主要表现为准１０年尺度的振荡,且同气候和大气环流的准１０年变化密切相关;中纬度海－气相互作用可产生一种甚低频耦合波（１０年左右周期）,它可能是海气系统准１０年振荡的重要机制之一 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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DING Yihui WU Guoxiong Da-Lin ZHANG ZHANG Renhe Co-Chief Editors 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(5):669-670
As we will soon celebrate the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Meteorological Society （CMS）,Acta Meteorologica Sinica （AMS）,which was originally named as Bulletin of the Chinese Meteorological Society,has gone through 89 years of development and excitement since her first issue in July 1925.According to archived documents （CMS Editorial Committee,1925）,AMS was founded to report the research findings of Chinese meteorologists,record their recommendations for improving meteorological services,and share their common meteorological interests in order to promote the growth of AMS such that more members could be inspired to conduct atmospheric research and meteorological knowledge would be better disseminated to and benefit the general public.By upholding and carrying forward this purpose,AMS has published many highly valuable scientific papers.Some could be treated as classical articles,which have produced important influences on both domestic and international meteorological communities and the related fields. 相似文献