共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 218 毫秒
1.
今年 5月 ,与常年同期相比 ,除东北大部、华北北部、华南东部、内蒙古东部和南疆大部等地降水明显偏少外 ,我国其余大部地区降水偏多或接近常年。本月全国大部地区气温接近常年或偏低 ,其中黄淮西部、江淮大部、西南地区东部、湖北和湖南北部等地的气温偏低 1～ 2℃ ,东北和华南东部沿海偏高 1～ 2℃。本月有一个热带风暴生成。1 天气概况5月份降水量 ,西南东部地区、黄淮大部及其以南地区在 10 0ｍｍ以上 ,其中江南及重庆大部、贵州大部、云南西南部、广西、广东中部等地一般有 2 0 0～ 330ｍｍ ,局部地区达 330～ 4 70ｍｍ ;东北、华北、… 相似文献
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利用NCEP/NCAR再分析月平均资料和中国160站降水资料，分析了1951～2000年间5月青藏高原主体、高原东部和高原西部（90°E分界）地表温度的变化特征及其与江淮地区夏季降水的关系。结果发现:在研究高原热力异常对我国江淮地区夏季降水的影响时，要考虑到高原热力状况的空间差异对其的影响。相关分析发现，与高原主体和高原西部相比，高原东部地表温度变化对7月江淮地区的降水有更好的指示性。高原东部和其以北区域的大尺度热力差异比高原本身的热力异常对江淮地区夏季降水有更好的指示意义，可以作为我国江淮地区夏季降水的一个预报因子。 相似文献
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Fluctuations in the length of the growing season in Minnesota 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Fluctuations in growing season length and in the dates of the last spring freeze and first fall freeze between 1899 and 1982 were studied for five rural Minnesota stations with long, high quality records. A general increase in growing season length was found, but there was substantial variation in the pattern of fluctuations among the stations. The increase in growing season length is not clearly and uniformly related to changes in the dates of first and last freezes. The interannual variability of growing season duration is on the order of the increase in duration so that the change would not be readily apparent to a casual observer. Our results do not correspond well with certain other studies of growing season length nor with fluctuations in hemispheric mean temperature. We conclude that extreme care must be used in extrapolating results of growing season length studies in space and in relating them to mean temperature fluctuations. 相似文献
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1引言根据实践经验,把测到的地方性云类与天气的关系联系起来,然后用天气学、气象学的基础知识,论述地方性云类出现特征与天气变化规律及在预报中应注意考虑的几个问题,对于制作单站和区域性天气预报有一定的参考意义。 相似文献
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湿大气的广义位温与干大气位温及饱和湿大气相当位温的比较 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
实际大气既非完全是干空气,也不是处处达到饱和的湿空气,而是处于含有水汽但又不饱和的湿空气状态。基于这样一种湿大气状态,在湿大气中广义位温定义的基础上,对不同暴雨类型的广义位温与干大气的位温及饱和湿大气的相当位温做了比较。对2003年江淮流域暴雨过程、2004年华北一次暴雨过程以及2006年碧利斯台风中的位温、相当位温和广义位温分布的对比分析表明:即使是在暴雨系统中,湿空气的相对湿度也不一定达到100%,饱和湿空气相当位温的引入条件不能完全满足。而广义位温的定义用一个表达式就可以表示出于大气、未饱和湿大气以及饱和湿大气这3种大气状态的位温,位温和相当位温则是广义位温的特殊情况。当大气比湿为零时,广义位温就变成位温;当大气比湿达到饱和后,广义位温就变成相当位温。除了可以衔接干大气位温和饱和湿大气的相当位温外,广义位温包含了水汽由干到湿再到饱和的变化过程,更好地体现了大气中水汽的实际分布和变化特征。 相似文献
8.
《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》1999,29(2-4):365-395
We present definitive observational evidence that the startling change of the Eastern Mediterranean deep circulation observed in winter 1995 and documented by [Roether, W., Manca, B.B., Klein, B., Bregant, D., Georgopoulos, D., Beitzel, V., Kovacevich, V., Luchetta, A., 1996. Recent changes in the Eastern Mediterranean deep water. Science 271, 333–335.] actually started before October 1991. This change involved not only the deep water mass pathways but also the origin and pathways of the water mass spreading in the intermediate layer. We carry out the first unified analysis of the POEMBC-O91 data set, which shows that, differently from the previous decade of the 80s, the Cretan/Aegean Sea was in 1991 the `driving' engine of the intermediate, transitional and deep layer circulations, with Cretan Intermediate Water (CIW), transitional water and Cretan Deep Water (CDW) spreading out from the Cretan Sea into the basin interior. The most important new results are: (a) the Levantine Intermediate Water (LIW) formed inside or at the periphery of the Rhodes gyre is blocked in its traditional westbound route on its density horizons σθ=29.05 and 29.10 kg/m3 by a three-lobe strong anticyclonic structure in the Southern Levantine, which induces a substantial LIW recirculation in the Levantine basin itself; (b) the CIW exiting from the Western Cretan Arc Straits spreads into the Ionian interior on the σθ=29.05–29.10 kg/m3 isopycnal surfaces, thus replacing the LIW confined in the Levantine basin. A branch of CIW flows eastward in the Cretan passage and is entrained by the Ierapetra anticyclone to flow again into the Cretan Sea through the Eastern Cretan Arc Straits; (c) on the horizons σθ=29.15 and 29.18 kg/m3 a transitional water mass of Cretan origin, denser than CIW, and CDW are observed to spread out massively from the Cretan Arc Straits both into the Ionian and Levantine interiors. These isopycnal surfaces rise to much shallower depths in 1991 than in 1987, increasing the salt content of the intermediate, transitional and deep layers. This leads to a massive salt increase in the Ionian below 1200 m, clearly related to lateral advection of the new denser waters of Cretan/Aegean origin, thus contradicting the hypothesis of a vertical salt redistribution proposed by Roether et al. 相似文献
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利用11年夏季三个月500hPa资料,对20°N以北中高纬度带内的纬向环流和天气系统进行功率谱分析,着重研究了23天左右周期振动的盛行地区。结果指出,唯有大西洋欧洲这块非季风地K盛行这种周期 而后,利用1980年七层资料,用天气学方法和能量学诊断研究了这个地区23天振动的性质及其维持机制。这种振动常出现在整个对流层里。根据不同参数位相综合图,可以统一为一套典型的、具有连续性的天气形势序列。在这个地区上游有冰岛低压,它是斜压性强又能使位能释放的振动系统,下游有阻塞高压,是近于正压的并靠输入动能来维持的系统。上述的形势演变有时能主要是受这两个振动系统所影响。最后,对于23天振动为什么盛行于大西洋欧洲地区的问题作了讨论。 相似文献
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利用NCEP-NCAR月平均的高空风场资料,对东亚对流层上层大气环流变化的年进程进行了分析研究,发现北半球西风急流、热带东风气流、越赤道气流、南亚高压和太平洋中部存在明显的季节变化,而且它们之间这种年进程相互关联. 相似文献
12.
Dr. R. S. Pulwarty R. G. Barry C. M. Hurst K. Sellinger L. F. Mogollon 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》1998,67(1-4):217-237
Summary Rainfall regimes are primarily unimodal in central and eastern Venezuela but bimodal (peaks in May–June and September-October-November with a minimum in July–August) in the northwest. There is a sharp transition across the Andes suggesting a topographic-circulation connection. However, a mid-summer minimum also occurs at other locations in Venezuela and Central America during individual years. This paper addresses the nature and control of the regimes including the role of large-scale circulation features and convection as indicated by outgoing longwave radiation data. Altitudinal characteristics of precipitation in the Andes and their spatial variability are also investigated. The development of the minimum within the rainy season annual cycle is shown to be related to the combined effects of the evolution of sea surface temperatures in the east Pacific warm pool and reinforced in the area of the Andes by enhanced easterlies during July and August.Abbreviations used in text ENSO
El Nino-Southern Oscillation
- EPWP
East Pacific Warm Pool
- ITCZ
Inter-tropical Convergence Zone
- MEI
Multivariate ENSO Index
- MSM
Mid-Summer Minimum
- NCEP
National Centers for Environmental Prediction
- OLR
Outgoing Longwave Radiation
- SOI
Southern Oscillation Index
- SST
Sea Surface Temperature
With 13 Figures 相似文献
13.
江苏近10 a高架雷暴特征分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
对2007—2016年发生在江苏地区的冬半年雷暴进行特征分析,筛选出12次典型的高架雷暴天气过程,揭示江苏发生高架雷暴的时空分布特征和典型的环流形势,发现逆温层顶之上的不稳定浅层和上下层强垂直风切变分别为高架雷暴的发生提供弱热力不稳定和强动力不稳定条件。强垂直风切变、850 hPa附近强烈的锋生导致的锋面次级环流,高空槽前正涡度平流随高度增加以及高层辐散、低层辐合造成的抽吸作用,为高架雷暴的发生和维持提供逆温层之上的动力抬升条件。高架雷暴发生时高仰角反射率因子呈现出类似零度层亮带的环形特征,对流单体不断生成在圆环附近。初步归纳了江苏高架雷暴的预报着眼点:500 hPa先后高空槽东移,700 hPa有16 m·s~(-1)以上的西南急流,850 hPa切变线东伸,存在逆温层顶高于1. 5 km,逆温强度大于5℃的较强逆温,0～6 km垂直风切变超过18 m·s~(-1),700 hPa与500 hPa温度差在15℃以上以及700hPa的相对湿度高于80%,且比湿在5～6 g·kg~(-1)。 相似文献
14.
A wind anomaly, consisting of a relative minimum in speed at a height of 100 m, in a direction opposite to that of the local flows, has been observed on the meteorological tower of Trino Vercellese, at the western extremity of the Po Valley. An interpretation in terms of a thermal wind, due to an horizontal thermal gradient induced by sloping terrain close to the site, is suggested. 相似文献
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北半球中层大气中NOx的垂直分布特征 总被引：14，自引：3，他引：14
对UARS卫星1992、1993、1994、1995、1996、1998年夏季的HALOE观测资料分别进行客观分析,把卫星观测资料插值到5°×5°的网格点上.并分别做了30°N和40°N多年平均NO2和NO混合比的垂直剖面分析,各年同纬度不同经度及同经度不同纬度处NO和NO2混合比的垂直分布特征分析.结果表明NO混合比含量在1hPa和l×10-5hPa高度处有两个峰值,0.1hPa处是一个极小值,50hPa到0.3hPa之间NO混合比含量非常稳定,而0.1hPa以上NO含量向上增长.在热层中的NO混合比分布有一定起伏.NO2混合比含量在l00hPa及0.5hPa高度处是极小值,从5hPa到10hPa则为最大值.但l00hPa以下进入对流层后含量急剧增加,往往会超过10-8.在平流层中NO2分布廓线基本吻合,同纬度不同经度极值出现的位置变化不大,但不同纬度极值的位置有一定差异,低纬区极值位置偏高.在中层大气中NOx(NO+NO2)和O3具有非常相似的分布特征,尤其在平流层,它们几乎在同一高度达到极值,说明它们之间有非常密切的联系. 相似文献
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11月份 ,全国大部地区降水量比常年同期偏多 ,长江中下游和华南北部出现明显降水 ,旱情缓解 ,但华南中部和南部干旱仍持续或发展 ;月平均气温 ,全国大部地区较常年同期偏高或接近常年 ,其中东北部分地区偏高显著 ,黑龙江、吉林两省月区域平均气温为19 5 1年以来历史同期最高值 ;月日照时数 ,全国大部地区接近常年同期。总的来看 ,本月全国大部地区光热水条件适宜 ,天气气候对农业生产比较有利。月内 ,浙江、四川、重庆、新疆等地局地发生暴雨、洪涝或泥石流、滑坡灾害 ;中东部地区出现大雾天气 ,部分地区因雾引发多起交通事故 ,造成人员伤亡… 相似文献
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A wind anomaly, consisting of a relative minimum in speed at a height of 100 m, in a direction opposite to that of the local
flows, has been observed on the meteorological tower of Trino Vercellese, at the western extremity of the Po Valley. An interpretation
in terms of a thermal wind, due to an horizontal thermal gradient induced by sloping terrain close to the site, is suggested. 相似文献
18.
青藏高原近地面层微气象学特征 总被引：12，自引：3，他引：12
Liu Huizhi Zhang Hongsheng Bian Lin＇gen Chen Jiayi Zhou Mingyu Xu Xiangde Li Shiming Zhao Yijun 《大气科学进展》2002,19(1):73-88
利用1998年5月-7月在改则、当雄和昌都三测站获得的近地面层气象要素变化的观测资料，分析了青藏高原近地面层风速、温度和湿度日变化特征及廓线规律，发现高原近地面层微气象学特征具有自己的特点；同时还讨论了高原近地面层白天出现的逆湿现象。 相似文献
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Summary ?This paper deals with variations and trends in some components of the water balance: the soil water content; evaporation
loss from the soil (from the surface and underlying layers); transpiration; ground water recharge and runoff. These components
are calculated by means of the Palmer procedure. This analysis is based on data from Osijek, Croatia from this century (1900–1995).
Besides the meteorological input parameters necessary for the water balance calculations, i.e. precipitation, temperature
and relative humidity, the pedological characteristics of this area have also been taken into account. Fluctuations have been
considered by means of the 11-year binomial filtered series and linear trends were tested by means of the Mann-Kendall rank
test. For a closer look on the trends of water balance components, a progressive analysis of the time series was performed,
too. The results show a significant increase in potential evapotranspiration and evapotranspiration and decrease in runoff
and soil water content has occurred during the century.
Received February 22, 1999/Revised August 3, 1999 相似文献
20.
Summary From a study of five cases of pronounced fronts in the upper troposphere, it is concluded that the waterspout model offers the most satisfactory solution to the problem of connecting frontal boundaries and tropopauses. Composite cross sections of temperature, potential temperature, normal wind component and potential vorticity are presented for the five cases. On the basis of the potential vorticity measurements it is suggested that the most likely explanation for the formation of the high-level front is a folding of the tropopause.
With 11 Figures
Contribution No. 37, Department of Meteorology and Climatology. —The research reported in this article has been supported by the Geophysical Research Directorate, Air Force Cambridge Research Center, under Contract No. AF 19 (604)-1811. 相似文献
Zusammenfassung Auf Grund einer Untersuchung von fünf Fällen ausgesprochener Fronten in der höheren Troposphäre wird der Schluß gezogen, daß die Wasserhosen-Vorstellung am besten den Zusammenhang zwischen Fronten und Tropopausen darstellt. Kombinierte Querschnitte von Temperatur, potentieller Temperatur, normaler Windkomponente und potentieller Vorticity werden für die fünf Fälle vorgelegt. Auf Grund der Bestimmungen der potentiellen Vorticity wird dargelegt, daß die wahrscheinlichste Erklärung für die Entstehung einer Front in der Höhe in der Annahme einer Faltung der Tropopause besteht.
Résumé En se fondant sur cinq cas de fronts très nets de la haute troposphère, les auteurs concluent que le schéma de trombe constitue la meilleure solution pour représenter la liaison entre zones frontales et tropopause. Ils donnent des profils combinés de température, de température potentielle, de composantes normales du vent et de vorticity potentielle pour les cinq cas. Ils montrent à l'aide de mesures de la vorticity potentielle que l'explication la plus probable de la formation d'un front en altitude consiste à admettre un plissement de la tropopause.
With 11 Figures
Contribution No. 37, Department of Meteorology and Climatology. —The research reported in this article has been supported by the Geophysical Research Directorate, Air Force Cambridge Research Center, under Contract No. AF 19 (604)-1811. 相似文献