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1.
贾燕  管兆勇 《大气科学》2010,34(4):691-702
利用1978~2007年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和地面观测站降水资料, 研究了夏季江淮流域降水多寡与30~60天振荡 (ISO) 强度年际变化的联系。结果表明: 江淮流域夏季降水异常与台湾海峡地区及西北太平洋低频能量变化相关显著。定义了ISO强度指数, 对ISO强度指数高低年夏季低频降水以及低频环流的位相合成表明: 高指数年主要通过存在于南海—西北太平洋地区的低频气旋、 反气旋系统的交替活动来影响副热带高压的进退, 从而引起江淮流域夏季降水异常; 低指数年江淮流域夏季降水主要受西太平洋副热带高压位置及强度变化的影响, 降水异常区主要位于江南地区。进一步研究表明, 非30~60天低频降水扰动与低频振荡强度也有很好的相关。低频环流对双周以及天气时间尺度环流变化可能存在调制作用, 这种作用对江淮流域夏季降水的年际异常起到非常重要的作用。  相似文献   

2.
热带低层大气30~60天低频动能的年际变化与ENSO循环   总被引:17,自引:7,他引:10  
龙振夏  李崇银 《大气科学》2001,25(6):798-808
利用NCEP再分析资料,通过统计相关及合成分析研究了热带大气季节内振荡(ISO)的年际变化与ENSO循环之间的关系.结果表明,热带大气季节内振荡(也称30~60天低频振荡)的年际变化在热带中西太平洋地区最强.在ElNino成熟之前的春夏季,热带西太平洋的30~60天振荡异常活跃,其动能明显增加且逐渐东移;在E1Nino成熟以后,热带西太平洋大气30~60天低频振荡迅速减弱.与这种加强的30~60天振荡相伴随,在赤道北侧为异常的气旋式环流,赤道地区出现偏西风异常.相反,在LaNina成熟之前的春夏季,热带西太平洋大气30~60天振荡偏弱.进一步的分析还发现,东亚冬季风的年际变化是引起热带大气30~60天振荡的年际变化的主要机制:强东亚冬季风导致热带西太平洋积云对流加强,从而引起热带西太平洋大气30~60天振荡加强;相反,对应于弱的东亚冬季风,热带西太平洋地区积云对流偏弱,大气30~60天振荡偏弱.作者的资料分析还证实,热带大气30~60天低频振荡的年际变化,作为一种外强迫,对ElNino的形成起着十分重要的作用.  相似文献   

3.
西北区东部春季降水及其水汽输送的低频振荡特征   总被引:6,自引:4,他引:6  
使用1962—2002年逐日降水资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,考察了西北地区东部春季降水及其水汽输送的低频振荡特征。通过定义并计算相对比例系数prpt,并结合统计检验,证实了春季西北地区东部、华北和长江下游地区30~60天周期的相对重要性和显著性。2002年个例分析表明,以银川站为代表的西北地区东部春季降水和水汽通量散度具有显著的20~60天振荡周期,并且在4,5月份季节转换时期显著增强;在降水处于正位相时,低频水汽主要来自东面海上的向西输送和南海北部沿高原东侧的向北输送,低频波表现为明显的向东传播。多年资料分析表明,多雨年季节内振荡较强、反之较弱;主要周期尺度有所不同,低频降水与水汽输送具有很好的对应关系,但也存在一定差异。年代际变化特征突出,表现在从20世纪70~80年代初季节内振荡特征不明显,低频降水与水汽输送之间的一致性相对较差,显示出气候异常对低频振荡的影响。  相似文献   

4.
夏季长江中下游旱涝年季节内振荡气候特征   总被引:25,自引:5,他引:20       下载免费PDF全文
利用1951—2004年我国740站逐日降水资料对夏季长江中下游典型旱涝年季节内振荡周期、强度和位相等特征进行合成对比分析发现:长江中下游涝年降水季节内振荡周期较旱年长, 涝年以30~60 d周期为主, 而旱年以10~30 d周期为主。旱涝年长江中下游地区夏季降水的10~30 d振荡整体上均强于30~60 d振荡; 10~30 d及30~60 d振荡, 涝年的强度都大于旱年。季节内振荡在旱年的北传较涝年强, 能达到50°N附近; 而涝年不仅有明显的季节内振荡从低纬度地区向北传播, 同时还有弱的振荡从中高纬度地区向南传播, 两者汇合于长江流域形成强的振荡中心。影响我国低频降水的低频异常环流分布模态在旱涝年是一致的, 但涝年的低频环流强于旱年, 而这种低频环流场的差异正是造成涝年的低频降水强于旱年的原因之一。  相似文献   

5.
利用NOAA的逐日向外长波辐射(OLR)资料、NCAR/NCEP资料和中国台站降水资料,以低频振荡的能量与总能量的百分比作为低频振荡强度指数,初步研究了热带地区低频振荡强度的年际变化及其对中国东部冬季降水的影响。结果表明:冬季热带地区低频振荡强度高(低),则我国东部冬季降水多(少)。热带低频振荡强度的年际变化与欧洲西北部到我国南部的波列及东亚冬季风的年际变化密切相关。在热带低频振荡强度高值年,冬季北非槽和孟加拉湾槽加深,东亚大槽减弱,东亚冬季风减弱,我国东部地区南风异常,水汽输送强,导致降水偏多;反之,在热带低频振荡强度低值年,北非槽和孟加拉湾槽减弱,东亚大槽加深,东亚冬季风加强,我国东部地区北风异常,水汽输送减弱,导致降水偏少。   相似文献   

6.
应用福建省66站1961—2012年逐日降水资料,基于前汛期降水定量化指标,揭示福建前汛期降水强度的多尺度特征,着重分析前汛期降水强度的低频变化特征。分析结果表明:(1)福建省前汛期降水强度在20世纪70年代中期、90年代初期发生了由强到弱和由弱到强的两次明显突变,突变点为1976年和1991年。(2)在前汛期降水偏弱的年代际背景下(20世纪70年代中期—90年代初期),前汛期降水强度年际波动相对较小;而在强的年代际背景下(20世纪60年代—70年代中期和20世纪90年代初期至今),前汛期降水强度的年际波动相对剧烈,尤其2000年以来,福建前汛期降水极端事件明显增多,持续性强降水过程多发,且强度偏强。(3)福建前汛期降水强度的季节内振荡明显,降水强度与低频变化的强度成正比,即前汛期降水强度偏强(弱)年份,其低频变化信号较(不)显著。(4)前汛期降水较强的年份有75%出现显著的低频信号,且低频周期较稳定,低频周期可分为30~60d、20~30d和10~20d;25%的年份低频周期出现明显的调整。  相似文献   

7.
针对长江中下游三个大水年1991、1998和2016年,利用NCEP/NCAR大气环流再分析资料和CMAP降水资料,对比了夏季降水的季节内特征,分析了引起降水季节内变化的大气环流季节内振荡ISO演变及源地。小波分析表明,三年季节内降水周期差异明显,分别为20~30 d、20~40 d和10~20 d。随之,以东亚季风区季节内振荡指数及热带外Rossby波活动通量,诊断了引起三年季节内活动异常的热带和中纬度ISO变率特点。结果显示影响三年季节内降水的ISO差异较大。1991年受到来自印度洋10~30 d和中纬度高层Rossby波10~30 d的ISO共同影响,造成周期为20~30 d的低频降水;1998年ISO来源路径单一,受中北太平洋30~60 d和10~30 d的ISO西传叠加作用,降水表现为20~40 d的振荡;引起2016年季节内降水异常的ISO源地较多,既有来自印度洋向东北传播30~60 d的ISO,又有来自太平洋向西北传播10~30 d的ISO,还有来自热带外10~30 d的ISO,三者在长江中下游汇合,引起降水10~20 d的振荡。研究结果对认识长江中下游夏季集中降水的形成有重要意义。   相似文献   

8.
陈尚锋  温之平  陈文 《大气科学》2011,35(5):982-992
本文利用1979~2008 年美国国家环境预报中心(NCEP)和美国国家大气研究中心(NCAR)第二套再分析资料、美国国家海洋和大气管理局(NOAA)的向外长波辐射(OLR)资料及1979~2007年全球降水资料(CMAP), 分析了南海地区热带大气的低频振荡及其对南海夏季风的可能影响。结果表明, 夏半年南海地区存在显著的30~60天的周期振荡。当30~60天低频振荡处于活跃位相时, 南海及其周围地区的低层大气为低频西南风, 南海和菲律宾北部为低频气旋流场且为正的位涡度, 对应着增强的南海夏季风槽和南海夏季风; 当 30~60天低频振荡处于不活跃位相时, 情形正好相反。进一步的研究揭示出, 夏半年30~60天低频振荡变化的空间型与夏半年平均场的年际变化的空间分布非常相似, 并且南海及其附近地区的 30~60天低频振荡活动的年际变化对夏半年平均场的年际变化有显著的贡献。强、弱南海夏季风年30~60天低频振荡活动的比较也说明, 强的南海夏季风年30~60天低频振荡活跃状态发生的概率大于不活跃状态发生的概率, 而弱的南海夏季风年则是不活跃状态发生的概率大于活跃状态发生的概率。因此, 南海地区30~60天低频振荡对南海夏季风很可能有重要影响, 当30~60天低频振荡的活跃状态处于主导时, 南海夏季风往往会偏强; 反之, 如果不活跃状态处于主导时, 南海夏季风往往会偏弱。  相似文献   

9.
长江流域旱涝年低频风场分布和演变的差异   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
从低频风场出发研究低频振荡在旱涝年的年际差异以及与降水的关系。表明:旱涝年我国东部环流系统低频分量所占比重显著不同;与长江流域降水变化联系的低频风场的特点及变化有显著不同。1980年降水的变化与东亚季风区内的低频振荡有密切的关系,尤其是副热带季风的低频振荡。  相似文献   

10.
分析了1981年、1982年两年5-9月青藏高原地区上空大气低频振荡特征.夏季青藏高原地区上空是30-50天厚度低频振荡的活跃区和显著区,但低频振荡的位置、范围和强度存在明显年际变化.并且,高原地区上空30-50天厚度低频振荡与南亚高压活动密切相关,表明夏季高原热状况的低频分量对北半球大气环流变化有重要影响,具有明确的天气气候学意义.  相似文献   

11.
东亚梅雨季节内振荡的气候特征   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6  
梁萍  丁一汇 《气象学报》2012,70(3):418-435
影响中国、日本、朝鲜半岛的东亚梅雨是夏季风向北推进过程中的特有雨季。利用NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料、CMAP降水资料,将夏季风影响及夏季风降水的季节转换相结合,定义东亚梅雨的入、出梅指标;进而采用集合经验模态分解信号提取方法对东亚梅雨区降水季节内振荡及其大尺度环流条件的气候特征进行了详细分析;并对东亚梅雨季节内振荡对降水事件的指示作用进行讨论,为东亚梅雨区降水的延伸预报提供依据和参考。研究结果表明:(1)采用标准化候降水量的空间覆盖率,同时兼顾夏季风影响等条件确定的东亚梅雨入、出梅划分指标可较好地反映东亚梅雨的气候特征及东亚梅雨期的大尺度环流形势。(2)东亚梅雨全年降水量存在三峰型分布特征,峰值分别位于第27、36及47候。该三峰型特征主要受10—20及30—60d的低频振荡影响。比较而言,30—60d振荡对梅雨区降水三峰型的贡献较10—20d振荡大。(3)东亚梅雨区峰值降水与热带环流及北方高位涡冷空气输送的低频演变密切关联。在梅雨区北侧,中高纬度里海附近冷空气(高位涡)低频波列的东传及鄂霍次克海高位涡的西南向输送共同影响东亚梅雨区。在梅雨区南侧,通过热带低频异常强对流的激发作用,热带西太平洋至中国东北—鄂霍次克海地区形成沿经向分布的低层气旋-反气旋-气旋-反气旋波列,进而导致梅雨区低层形成低频偏北风和偏南风的辐合;而印度西海岸和阿拉伯海地区异常对流活动产生的波列向东北方向传播,亦对梅雨区低频峰值降水产生影响。对于低频谷值降水的大气低频演变,情况与上述基本相反。(4)东亚梅雨区降水不同位相下出现极端降水事件的概率有明显差异。梅雨区降水低频峰(谷)值位相下出现异常多(少)降水量的概率约为30%。因此,上述梅雨区降水低频振荡演变相关的大气低频振荡特征对梅雨区降水事件的延伸预报具有参考价值。  相似文献   

12.
用1973~1994年观测资料,研究了东亚中纬冬季雪盖异常对初夏东半球主要流型随季节变化的影响,同时也分析了多(少)雪年份东半球温带地区30~50天低频振荡强度以及夏季中国降水量分布的差异。结果表明,近20年来冬季东亚中纬雪盖强度呈线性增加趋势且迭加较显著的准2年周期变化,它的变化和初夏500hPa低频流型逐候演变之间同时存在线性和非线性相关,并且多雪时欧亚大陆大部分地区30~50天振荡强度增强,而东北亚地区减小。  相似文献   

13.
在引证论述大气ISO对东亚季风区天气气候重要作用的基础上,概括性地回顾大气ISO基本特征及其形成机制的主要成果,重点针对热带大气ISO的季节变化、年际变化甚至年代际变化方面的研究工作进行总结评述.  相似文献   

14.
大气中的波流相互作用研究进展   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
简要回顾了近年来关于波动同纬向平均流相互作用的研究进展,重点讨论了E-P通量和波作用守恒理论的研究进展,同时,还介绍了波流作用稳定性问题的理论研究动态.  相似文献   

15.
Monsoon precipitation in the AMIP runs   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
 We present an analysis of the seasonal precipitation associated with the African, Indian and the Australian-Indonesian monsoon and the interannual variation of the Indian monsoon simulated by 30 atmospheric general circulation models undertaken as a special diagnostic subproject of the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP). The seasonal migration of the major rainbelt observed over the African region, is reasonably well simulated by almost all the models. The Asia West Pacific region is more complex because of the presence of warm oceans equatorward of heated continents. Whereas some models simulate the observed seasonal migration of the primary rainbelt, in several others this rainbelt remains over the equatorial oceans in all seasons. Thus, the models fall into two distinct classes on the basis of the seasonal variation of the major rainbelt over the Asia West Pacific sector, the first (class I) are models with a realistic simulation of the seasonal migration and the major rainbelt over the continent in the boreal summer; and the second (class II) are models with a smaller amplitude of seasonal migration than observed. The mean rainfall pattern over the Indian region for July-August (the peak monsoon months) is even more complex because, in addition to the primary rainbelt over the Indian monsoon zone (the monsoon rainbelt) and the secondary one over the equatorial Indian ocean, another zone with significant rainfall occurs over the foothills of Himalayas just north of the monsoon zone. Eleven models simulate the monsoon rainbelt reasonably realistically. Of these, in the simulations of five belonging to class I, the monsoon rainbelt over India in the summer is a manifestation of the seasonal migration of the planetary scale system. However in those belonging to class II it is associated with a more localised system. In several models, the oceanic rainbelt dominates the continental one. On the whole, the skill in simulation of excess/deficit summer monsoon rainfall over the Indian region is found to be much larger for models of class I than II, particularly for the ENSO associated seasons. Thus, the classification based on seasonal mean patterns is found to be useful for interpreting the simulation of interannual variation. The mean rainfall pattern of models of class I is closer to the observed and has a higher pattern correlation coefficient than that of class II. This supports Sperber and Palmer’s (1996) result of the association of better simulation of interannual variability with better simulation of the mean rainfall pattern. The hypothesis, that the skill of simulation of the interannual variation of the all-India monsoon rainfall in association with ENSO depends upon the skill of simulation of the seasonal variation over the Asia West Pacific sector, is supported by a case in which we have two versions of the model where NCEP1 is in class II and NCEP2 is in class I. The simulation of the interannual variation of the local response over the central Pacific as well as the all-India monsoon rainfall are good for NCEP2 and poor for NCEP1. Our results suggest that when the model climatology is reasonably close to observations, to achieve a realistic simulation of the interannual variation of all-India monsoon rainfall associated with ENSO, the focus should be on improvement of the simulation of the seasonal variation over the Asia West Pacific sector rather than further improvement of the simulation of the mean rainfall pattern over the Indian region. Received: 2 June 1997 / Accepted: 8 January 1998  相似文献   

16.
1998 SCSMEX期间亚洲30-60天低频振荡特征的分析   总被引:34,自引:0,他引:34  
对1998年 5-8月南海季风试验(SCSMEX)期间东亚地区 850 hPa中低纬环流指数、东亚季风指数和长江中下游降水进行了Morlet 小波分析,结果表明在此期间这些要素均有明显的30-60天周期低频振荡。在此基础上对 5-8月每隔 5天的 850 hPa低频流场进行分析,结果表明:(1)100°-150°E间东亚从中国东中部大陆经南海和西太平洋的南北半球中明显的存在一个以30-60天低频荡为特征的东亚季风低频环流系统,东亚季风活动主要受东亚季风系统中低频活动影响;(2)5月第5候南海热带季风爆发、6月中旬长江中下游人梅及产生大暴雨以及7月中旬以后的该地区大暴雨均与低频气旋带在该地区活动有关,而8月长江上游大暴雨则与低频反气旋伸人到大陆有关;(3)SCSMEX期间东亚低频振荡系统的源地有二个,即南海赤道和北半球中太平洋中高纬。南海低频系统向北传播,而中高纬低频系统自东北向西南传播为主。长江中下游6、7月二次大暴雨均与上述二个低频气旋系统自热带向北和中高纬向西南传播并于长江中下游汇合有关;(4)5-8月间东亚季风系统中有二次低频气旋带和二次低频反气旋带活动,这些低频环流系统的活动与印度季风低频环流系统活动并无明  相似文献   

17.
A review of recent advances in research on Asian monsoon in China   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
This paper reviews briefly advances in recent research on monsoon by Chinese scholars, including primarily: (1) the establishment of various monsoon indices. In particular, the standardized dynamic seasonal variability index of the monsoon can delimit the geographical distribution of global monsoon systems and determine quantitatively the date of abrupt change in circulation. (2) The provision of three driving forces for the generation of monsoon. (3) The revelation of the heating-pump action of the Tibetan Plateau, which strengthens southerlies in the southern and southeastern periphery of the Plateau and results in a strong rainfall center from the northern Bay of Bengal (BOB) to the Plateau itself. (4) Clarification of the initial onset of the Asian Summer Monsoon (ASM) in the BOB east of 90°E, Indochina Peninsula (ICP) and the South China Sea, of which the rapid northward progression of tropical convection in the Sumatra and the rapid westward movement of the South Asia High to the Indochina Peninsula are the earliest signs. (5) The provision of an integrated mechanism for the onset of the East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM), which emphasizes the integrated impact of sensible heat over Indian Peninsula, the warm advection of the Tibetan Plateau and the sensible heat and latent heat over the Indochina Peninsula on the one hand, and the seasonal phase-lock effect of the northward propagation of low frequency oscillation on the other. (6) The revelation of the "planetary-scale moisture transport large-value band" from the Southern Hemisphere through to the Asian monsoon region and into the North Pacific, which is converged by several large-scale moisture transport belts in the Asian-Australian monsoon regions and whose variation influences directly the temporal and spatial distribution of summer rainfall in China. (7) Presenting the features of the seasonal advance of the EASM, the propagation of intraseasonal oscillation, and their relationship with rainfall in Ch  相似文献   

18.
本文用13年夏半年(5—10月)月平均风场和两年逐日风场资料研究了200hPa南亚热带东风急流的气候学特征和中期振荡过程。研究表明,南亚夏季热带东风急流显著的非季节性变动和年际差异与低纬对流层高层大尺度环流变化和南亚夏季风活动密切相关,相对于多年平均而言,存在5类异常的东风急流。 各种分析表明,热带东风带存在三种主要的中期振荡。准50天周期振荡与夏季南亚对流层上部大尺度散度场的变化相关联,表现为十分显著的向南的位相传播。准50天和25天振荡均存在显著的年际变化。准50天周期振荡系统性不强的年份,准25天周期振荡是低纬行星波的主要振荡,在东风急流区除表现为系统性向西传播外也表现为向南的位相传播。准双周振荡在东风带一般向西传播。   相似文献   

19.
    
The wavelet analysis is performed of the mid- and low-latitude circulation index at 850 hPa over East Asia, the East Asian monsoon index and the precipitation over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River during 1998 South China Sea Monsoon Experiment (SCSMEX) from May to August. Analysis shows that distinct 30–60 day low-frequency oscillation (LFO) exists in all of the above elements during the exper-iment period. Analysis of low-frequency wind field at 850 hPa from May to August with 5 days interval is performed in this paper. Analysis results reveal that: (1) A low-frequency monsoon circulation system over East Asia, characterized by distinct 30–60 day low-frequency oscillation, exists over 100°-150°E of East Asian area from the middle and eastern parts of China continent and the South China Sea to the western Pacific in both the Northern and Southern Hemisphere. The activity of East Asian monsoon is mainly af-fected by the low-frequency systems in it; (2) All of the tropical monsoon onset over the South China Sea in the fifth pentad of May, the beginning of the Meiyu period and heavy rainfall over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in mid-June and the heavy rainfall after mid-July are related to the activity of low-frequency cyclone belt over the region, whereas the torrential rainfall over the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in August is associated with the westward propagation of low-frequency anticyclone into the mainland; (3) There are two sources of low-frequency oscillation system over East Asia during SCSMEX. i.e. the equatorial South China Sea (SCS) and mid-high latitudes of the middle Pacific in the Northern Hemisphere. The low-frequency system over SCS propagates northward while that in mid-high latitudes mainly propagates from northeast to southwest. Both of the heavy rainfall over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in June and July are associated with the northward propagation of the above-mentioned SCS low-frequency systems from the tropical region and the southwestward propagation from mid-high latitudes respectively and their convergence in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River; (4) There are two activities of low-frequency cyclone and anticyclone belt each in the East Asian monsoon system during May to August. However the activity of these low-frequency circulation systems is not clearly relevant to the low-frequency circulation system in the Indian monsoon system. This means that the low-frequency circulation systems in Indian monsoon and East Asian monsoon are independent of each other. The concept previously put forward by Chinese scholars that the East Asian monsoon circulation sys-tem (EAMCS) is relatively independent monsoon circulation system is testified once more in the summer 1998. This work was supported by the key project A of the State Ministry of Science and Technology “South China Sea Monsoon Experiment” and the fruit of it.  相似文献   

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