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1.
中尺度气象模式研究若干进展及其在区域业务预报中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
介绍了美国、英国和日本３个国家的中尺度模式研究和业务预报现状,指出了中尺度模式特有的问题和发展趋势,及其对我国中尺度模式研制的含义。 相似文献
2.
崔彩霞 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》1998,21(3):7-9
根据国内外中尺度大气理论及中尺度数值模式模拟的最新试验结果,分析在新疆开展中尺度数值预报模式模拟试验和研究的必要性和可行性,并提出一些具体的实施方案。 相似文献
3.
随着近年来计算机技术的飞快发展,中尺度数值模式作为中尺度气象的一种预报和研究工具,越来越显示其重要性。本文综述了MM5中尺度数值模式的发展现状,并以实例介绍其在中尺度气象研究、区域天气预报、区域气候预报、航空航海气象保障、军事训练和空气质量预测等方面的广泛应用。 相似文献
4.
灾害天气和中尺度气象学研究 总被引：10，自引：6，他引：10
该文简要评述了我国经常发生的引致严重灾害的中尺度天气系统及目前国内外中尺度天气外场试验和中尺度模式的研究现状和进展，指出发展我国中尺度数值模式预报系统需要解决的几个主要问题。 相似文献
5.
正压大气中尺度半平衡和准平衡动力学模式 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
应用描写正压大气运动的基本方程组，分析了中尺度大气运动的物理特征，指出非平衡强迫运动是引起中尺度重要天气演变的根本原因。中尺度动力学方程组是中尺度动力学理论研究的基础，因此，结合中尺度大气运动的基本特征，依据严格的尺度分析理论和摄动理论，简化基于流体力学和热力学的大气动力学方程组使之能够恰当地描述出中尺度运动的基本特征，对于中尺度动力学的发展是极为必要的。基于非线性平衡方程所得到的半平衡和准平衡动力学模式分别与半地转和准地转模式极为相似，它们可以较精确地描述中尺度大气运动的基本特征，因而，可作为中尺度动力学研究的理论基础。将准平衡动力学模式应用于中尺度涡旋系统的研究，结论表明中尺度平衡涡旋系统主要是受梯度风控制，其流场和气压场的发展演变则由一个演化方程来描写，获得了较为理想的结果。 相似文献
6.
中尺度数值模式中初始场和地形的不同处理对降水预报的影响及相对比较 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
与天气尺度系统相比,中尺度天气系统的风场较重要,散度场和降水量有很好的相关性。那么在中尺度模式的初始资料处理中是否能延用天气尺度模式的处理方法,如风场的无辐散处理等。另一方面,中尺度系统中强迫过程如地形的作用也很重要。这两方面分别有过不少研究,但对某一地区,特别是地形复杂的地方,弄清中尺度数值模拟是对初始场还是对地形处理敏感,将有助于中尺度模式的研究改进和地形作用的探讨。 相似文献
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8.
该文简要介绍了中国气象局国家气象中心研发的区域中尺度集合预报系统主要技术特点:在初值扰动技术方面,通过研究中国地区中尺度模式预报误差快速增长特点、中国地形地貌特征与观测资料的分布情况,研发适合于中尺度模式的增长模繁殖法扰动技术构造初值场;分析数值模式物理过程参数化方案内在的不确定性以及对强对流天气和近地面要素预报的差异,确定多物理过程扰动技术方案。解决全球集合预报扰动信息向中尺度集合预报输入的关键技术,实现中尺度区域集合预报系统与全球中期集合预报系统的嵌套。在模式后处理方面,解决中尺度集合预报结果的偏差订正技术;开发满足多种需求的多要素、多层次概率预报产品和概率预报检验产品。在世界天气研究计划"2008年北京奥运会中尺度集合预报研究开发项目"3年实时预报试验比较评价中,中国气象局国家气象中心区域中尺度集合预报系统总体预报能力与国外同类系统相当。 相似文献
9.
中尺度数值模式MM5V2评介 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
由于中尺度数值模式ＭＭ５Ｖ２本身的进步和目前能提供给中尺度数值模式的资料越来越多,使中尺度数值模式系统在灾害天气的预报方面成为一个重要的手段。从ＭＭ５Ｖ２的两大部分,模式初始化和预报模式出发,全面分析和总结中尺度数值模式的特点,并对中尺度数值模式未来发展做一些有益的探讨。 相似文献
10.
通过用中尺度MM4模式对2004年11月14日到15日天气过程进行数值模拟预报试验,了解MM4模式和用数值预报模式进行天气预报的全过程。对MM4模式的初次应用表明,中尺度数值模拟及预报的研究在一般台站是可行的,中小尺度数值预报模式为今后发展地县精细化预报及中尺度过程诊断分析提供了良好的工具。 相似文献
11.
中国冬夏季模式降水方案的应用分析研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过对中国冬夏季各一次降水过程的模拟分析 ,研究了不同云降水方案在中国区域的应用特征。结果指出 ,夏季 ,Kain Fritsch(KF)和Betts Miller(BM)积云方案模拟产生的积云降水是有差异的 ,KF方案对本次连续降水过程的预报要优于BM方案 ;KF方案和BM方案可以使周围环境大气状况发生不同的变化 ,KF方案可以使周围环境大气变得更湿、上升气流更加深厚 ,更有利于网格尺度降水的产生 ,即不同积云对流方案对网格尺度降水具有重要的影响 ;冬季 ,中国北方大陆基本没有对流降水产生 ,不同积云对流方案对网格尺度降水预报的影响基本可以不予考虑 ,中国北方的冬季降水主要是由网格尺度降水构成的。 相似文献
12.
基于WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)模式及其3Dvar(3-Dimentional Variational)资料同化系统,采用36、12、4 km嵌套网格进行快速更新循环同化和不同的微物理及积云对流参数化方案对比试验,对2011年5月8日鲁中一次局地大暴雨过程进行了研究。结果表明,快速更新循环同化地面观测资料是影响模式降水落区预报准确性的关键因素,不同的微物理和积云对流参数化方案主要影响降水强度预报。采用不同的微物理参数化方案和积云对流参数化方案进行降水预报对比试验表明,LIN方案和WSM6(WRF Single-Moment 6-class)微物理参数化方案对降水预报均较好,LIN方案降水预报较WSM6方案略强。4 km网格预报使用K-F (Kain-Fritsch)积云对流参数化方案或不使用积云对流参数化方案,预报的降水均较好。4 km网格使用旧的K-F积云对流参数化方案,预报的近地层大气风场偏弱,导致大气动力抬升作用偏弱,从而造成模式降水预报偏弱。 相似文献
13.
积云对流参数化对一交梅雨锋暴雨过程影响的模拟检验 总被引：12，自引：10，他引：2
应用１９８８年版日本谱模式ＪＳＭ,对比分析了Ａｒａｋａｗａ－Ｓｃｋａｗａ－Ｓｃｈｕｂｅｒｔ、Ｋａｉｎ－Ｆｒｉｔｓｃｈ、ＫｕｏＡｎｔｈｅｓ和Ｇａｄｄ－Ｋｅｅｒｓ等几种积云对流参数化方案在梅雨锋暴雨对流系统模拟中的表现。 相似文献
14.
《Atmospheric Research》2010,95(4):704-714
The sensitivity of numerical model quantitative precipitation forecasts to the choice of the convective parameterization scheme (CPS) is examined for twenty selected cases characterized by intense convective activity and widespread precipitation over Greece, during the warm period of 2005–2007. Namely, the study is conducted using MM5 model and the following three different CPSs: Kain–Fritsch, Grell and Betts–Miller–Janjic. Sixty numerical simulations were carried out on two nested domains, with horizontal grid increments of 24 and 8 km respectively. The simulated precipitation from the 8-km grid was verified against raingauge measurements and lightning data provided by the ZEUS long-range lightning detection system, operated by the National Observatory of Athens. Verification results showed that for all three schemes the model presented a tendency to overestimate light to moderate rain while in general it underestimated the high precipitation amounts. The validation against both sources of data showed that among the three CPSs, the more consistent behavior in quantitative precipitation forecasting was obtained by the Kain–Fritsch scheme that provided the best statistical scores. However, the differences of the results of statistical analysis between the Kain–Fritsch and Grell schemes were not large. 相似文献
15.
Application and Study of Precipitation Schemes in Weather Simulation in Summer and Winter over China 
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下载免费PDF全文 XU Guoqiang WAN Qilin HUANG Liping XUE Jishan CHEN Dehui 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2006,20(1):28-38
Through simulation of summer and winter precipitation cases in China, the cloud precipitation schemes of model were examined. Results indicate that it is discrepant between convective precipitation simulated by the Kain-Fritsch (KF) scheme and Betts-Miller (BM) scheme in summer, the former scheme is better than the latter in this case. The ambient atmosphere may be varied by different convective schemes. The air is wetter and the updraft is stronger in the KF scheme than in the BM scheme, which can induce the more grid scale precipitation in the KF scheme, i.e., the different cumulus schemes may have the different and important effect on the grid scale precipitation. However, there is almost no convective rain in winter in northern China, so the effect of cumulus precipitation on the grid scale precipitation can be disregarded. Therefore, the gird scale precipitation is primary in the winter of northern China. 相似文献
16.
According to the characteristics of organized cumulus convective precipitation in China, a cumulus parameterization scheme suitable for describing the organized convective precipitation in East Asia is presented and modified. The Kain–Fristch scheme is chosen as the scheme to be modified based on analyses and comparisons of simulated precipitation in East Asia by several commonly-used mesoscale parameterization schemes. A key dynamic parameter to dynamically control the cumulus parameterization is then proposed to improve the Kain–Fristch scheme. Numerical simulations of a typhoon case and a Mei-yu front rainfall case are carried out with the improved scheme, and the results show that the improved version performs better than the original in simulating the track and intensity of the typhoons, as well as the distribution of Mei-yu front precipitation. 相似文献
17.
A comparative study has been conducted to investigate the skill of four convection parameterization schemes, namely the Anthes–Kuo (AK), the Betts–Miller (BM), the Kain–Fritsch (KF), and the Grell (GR) schemes in the numerical simulation of an extreme precipitation episode over eastern Peninsular Malaysia using the Pennsylvania State University—National Center for Atmospheric Research Center (PSU-NCAR) Fifth Generation Mesoscale Model (MM5). The event is a commonly occurring westward propagating tropical depression weather system during a boreal winter resulting from an interaction between a cold surge and the quasi-stationary Borneo vortex. The model setup and other physical parameterizations are identical in all experiments and hence any difference in the simulation performance could be associated with the cumulus parameterization scheme used. From the predicted rainfall and structure of the storm, it is clear that the BM scheme has an edge over the other schemes. The rainfall intensity and spatial distribution were reasonably well simulated compared to observations. The BM scheme was also better in resolving the horizontal and vertical structures of the storm. Most of the rainfall simulated by the BM simulation was of the convective type. The failure of other schemes (AK, GR and KF) in simulating the event may be attributed to the trigger function, closure assumption, and precipitation scheme. On the other hand, the appropriateness of the BM scheme for this episode may not be generalized for other episodes or convective environments. 相似文献
18.
The Penn State/ NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5) is used to simulate the precipitation event that occurred during 1–2 May 1994 to
the south of the Yangtze River. In five experiments the Kain–Fritsch scheme is made use of for the subgrid–scale convective
precipitation, but five different resolvable–scale microphysical parameterization schemes are employed. They are the simple
super-saturation removal scheme, the warm rain scheme of Hsie et al. (1984), the simple ice scheme of Dudhia (1989), the complex
mixed–phase scheme developed by Reisner et al. (1993), and the GSFC microphysical scheme with graupel. Our interest is how
the various resolvable-scale schemes affect the domain-averaged precipitation, the precipitation distribution, the sea level
pressure, the cloud water and the cloud ice. Through a series of experiments about a warm sector rainfall case, results show
that although the different resolvable-scale scheme is used, the differences of the precipitation characteristics among all
five runs are not very obvious. However, the precipitation is over-predicted and the strong mesoscale low is produced by the
simple super-saturation removal scheme. The warm rain scheme with the inclusion of condensation and evaporation under-predicts
the precipitation and allows the cloud water to reach the 300 hPa level. The scheme of the addition of graupel increases the
resolvable-scale precipitation by about 20%-30%. The inclusion of supercooled liquid water in the grid-scale scheme does not
affect significantly the results. 相似文献
19.
积云参数化方案对夏季东亚季风区海气系统位相关系模拟的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文利用区域海气耦合模式RegCM-POM,分别选取Grell积云参数化方案和Emanuel积云参数化方案对北半球夏季(5—10月)的东亚气候进行模拟,研究不同积云对流参数化方案(CPS)对东亚夏季季风区海气系统位相关系模拟的影响。结果表明:不同CPS模拟的陆地降水具有一定的不确定性,而海洋降水和海温的模拟受CPS选择的影响更大。其中,Emanuel方案对海洋降水和海温的分布形势模拟总体上要好于Grell方案,且可以更好的模拟中国近海各海区的海气系统位相关系,特别是大气对海温的负反馈过程。原因在于Emanuel方案模拟的对流降水与海温的位相关系更接近观测总降水与海温的位相关系;而Grell方案对南海和孟加拉湾的对流降水模拟偏少,对黑潮对流降水的模拟偏多,错误地模拟了这几个海区积云对流过程发挥的作用,故其模拟的海气系统位相关系不如Emanuel方案。 相似文献
20.
Impacts of Cumulus Convective Parameterization Schemes on Summer Monsoon Precipitation Simulation over China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 By using the Betts-Miller-Janjic, Grell-Devenyi, and Kain-Fritsch cumulus convective parameterization
schemes in theWeather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, long time simulations from 2000 to 2009 are
conducted to investigate the impacts of different cumulus convective parameterization schemes on summer
monsoon precipitation simulation over China. The results show that all the schemes have the capability
to reasonably reproduce the spatial and temporal distributions of summer monsoon precipitation and the
corresponding background circulation. The observed north-south shift of monsoon rain belt is also well
simulated by the three schemes. Detailed comparison indicates that the Grell-Devenyi scheme gives a better
performance than the others. Deficiency in simulated water vapor transport is one possible reason for the
precipitation simulation bias. 相似文献