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利用1961-2013年黑龙江省83个地面气象观测站53 a的气象观测资料,分析了黑龙江省雾霾天气的时空分布特征。分析结果发现,黑龙江省大雾天气出现日数远远高于霾日,历年来呈现稳定波动、缓慢下降趋势,而霾天气出现的次数为阶段性,近10 a黑龙江省发生霾天气次数最少,但2013年开始又略有回升;大雾天气主要发生在夏季和初秋,而霾天气主要出现在4-10月;伊春雾霾天气发生的频率较高,松嫩平原西部雾发生的频率较低,霾发生的频率较高;大气环流、近地面逆温、静风等天气条件和污染物排放均对雾霾天气的产生具有影响,而焚烧秸秆和冬季燃煤供暖排放的污染物等外因也是雾霾天气产生的强烈诱因。 相似文献
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利用长株潭地区地面空气质量监测资料、常规地面气象资料及NCEP再分析资料和MODIS火点监测资料,结合HYSPLIT4后向轨迹模式,对2014年10月1718日长株潭地区一次严重霾天气过程的空气污染特征和成因进行综合分析。研究表明,长株潭地区此次严重霾天气污染事件的主要污染物为PM2.5,安徽南部和江西西北部地区秸秆焚烧产生的颗粒物,经高空偏东北气流引导输送到长株潭地区,是这次大范围烟霾天气的主要来源。长株潭地区西部高空槽区宽广,槽前西南气流较为强盛,地面受均压场控制,水平风速弱,为严重霾污染天气的维持提供了有利的环流条件。中低层逆温和大气底层湿度的增加,使污染物粒子不断累积;近地面连续静（小）风和风向的频繁转变,不利于污染物粒子的水平扩散;中下层弱的下沉气流、较低的混合层高度有利于污染物的垂直累积,为此次重度霾污染天气的发展、加强提供了有利的气象条件。 相似文献
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杭州地区气候环境要素对霾天气影响特征分析 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5
利用1998—2010年杭州常规地面气象观测资料、高空探测资料和环境污染物观测资料,对主要天气形势、典型气象要素以及环境污染状况下霾天气特征及形成机制进行了综合分析研究。结果表明：杭州地区高压类型天气形势对霾的产生有重要影响,在气旋和东风带天气形势下较少出现霾天气。霾天气下的大气稳定度主要表现为中性类,出现频率高达54．3％。08时逆温条件下霾出现次数要高于20时;霾出现时平均逆温强度高于非霾时,而平均逆温层厚度、平均最大逆温强度和平均最大逆温层厚度均低于非霾时。污染物PMmSO2和NO2浓度在非霾日比霾日分别下降了33．3％、20．0％和18．2％,随着霾等级的增加,不同污染物浓度也随之增加,颗粒物是造成能见度下降的主要原因之一。此外,杭州待殊的地形环境对霾的发生有一定促进作用。这些结果对于了解杭州霾天气的出现规律以及预警预报工作的开展具有重要意义。 相似文献
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利用气象、环境、卫星遥感火点监测等资料，从环流形势、气象要素、污染物和污染传输特征等方面对哈尔滨2018年4月4日夜间至5日白天罕见重度霾天气成因进行分析。结果表明，此次重度霾天气首要污染物为PM2.5，污染最重时PM2.5浓度高达507μg?m-3，秸秆焚烧是污染物的主要来源，既有本地源又有外地源，利用HYSPLIT模型模拟出这次重度霾天气污染传输特征。重度霾时段，近地面风速小，为1.5m·s-1左右，最小为0.1m·s-1，风向呈弱气旋性辐合、湿度增大有利于形成霾。低层存在较强的贴地逆温，逆温层顶高度约为100m,逆温强度约为1.5℃/100m，不利于污染物在垂直方向上扩散。地面均压场和高空弱高压脊、暖锋锋区和暖平流为这次重度霾天气提供了有利的大气环流背景条件。 相似文献
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利用NCEP再分析资料、L波段雷达探空资料、常规气象资料及自动气象站资料和空气污染资料,对2005年12月25-28日重庆主城区一次重度霾天气过程进行了分析.结果表明:此次重度霾天气过程发生在一定天气背景下,500 hPa青藏高原南侧南支槽槽区宽广,槽前西南气流较为强盛,850 hPa重庆地区持续处于均压场控制,气压梯度小,水平风速弱,且影响重庆地区的冷空气活动少、强度弱,有利于重度霾的形成和维持;低层风速较小、中低层逆温层的持续存在、气温较低也是此次重度霾形成和维持的重要条件;在未达到饱和的情况下,适当增加湿度有利于霾的加强,霾天气过程中,气溶胶粒子的吸湿增长会使能见度更加恶化. 相似文献
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秸秆焚烧导致湖北中东部一次严重霾天气过程的分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用地面气象要素、火点信息及污染物资料,研究了2014年6月12~13日湖北省中东部地区一次重度霾天气的成因及污染特征。结果表明:导致此次霾天气的主要原因是安徽省北部大面积秸秆焚烧所形成污染气团受偏东北气流输送的影响,12日在湖北中东部形成了两条"带状"的能见度低值区,最低能见度仅为2.1 km。秸秆焚烧污染物输送气流由北向南影响湖北,主要作用于孝感—武汉—咸宁一带,3个地区细颗粒物(PM2.5)峰值浓度均超过了600μg/m3,且武汉和孝感的PM2.5与PM10质量浓度比值在12日增加到0.76和0.77,并出现了0.96和0.93的最大值,随着污染气团的传输,其中PM2.5所占比例会出现明显下降。SO2质量浓度的变化特征不显著,NO2质量浓度在污染物质量浓度达到峰值前1~3 h达到峰值,而CO是秸秆焚烧产生的主要污染气体,其质量浓度变化与PM2.5和PM10呈正相关关系,相关系数分别为0.66和0.67。风矢量和分析表明:6月12日湖北省中东部存在明显的东北来向气流输送,污染物的输送是该时段霾天气发生的主要影响因子,而6月13日湖北省东北边界处的输送气流已经明显减弱消失,东南部风矢量和异常偏小导致的污染物堆积是该地区污染持续的主要原因。 相似文献
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利用南京市空气污染资料、常规气象观测资料和NCEP再分析资料,对2008年10月28～29日南京、镇江、扬州、泰州、盐城等地区出现的一次大范围烟霾天气过程的空气污染状况、大尺度环流背景、微观气象要素特征以及影响天气系统的热力和动力场结构等进行了综合分析研究,并且运用Hysplit-4模式反演了这次过程影响南京地区污染物的扩散轨迹。结果表明:焚烧秸秆物引起的空气中高颗粒物浓度是造成这次大范围烟霾天气的直接原因;有利的环流和风场条件,加上稳定的大气层结,是烟霾维持和加强的重要条件;在未达到饱和情况下,适当增加湿度有利于霾的形成,且吸湿粒子吸湿凝结增大会使得能见度更加恶化,烟霾更加严重。在这次烟霾天气中,南京地区的污染物源头来自扬州、镇江、泰州一带,最严重时期的污染物主要来自泰州南部。 相似文献
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利用常规地面观测资料和CALIOP/CALIPSO卫星遥感资料统计分析了中国西北东部霾的多年变化以及霾事件期间气溶胶光学特性的垂直空间分布特征,并以2013年3月和11月发生在西北东部的霾天气为例分析了霾发生时大气气溶胶粒子的形状及大小的垂直分布特征、对应的天气形势和气象要素的变化。结果表明:西北东部霾日出现频率由20世纪80年代至90年代末逐渐减小,但21世纪起又明显增加;霾事件主要发生在11、12和1月。霾发生时,在对流层内霾影响最严重的区域在距地面2~4 km范围,垂直方向气溶胶后向散射系数的范围集中于0.8×10-3~2.5×10-3km-1·sr-1,且随高度增加而增大;气溶胶的体积退偏比大部分20%,气溶胶较为规则,不规则的多分布在地表向上4 km以下,随着高度的增加气溶胶不规则性减弱。色比数值大部分0.8,8~12 km气层中主要是色比为0.0~0.4的粒子。当高空受高压系统控制,地面为均压场,近地面出现逆温层时易产生霾。 相似文献
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石家庄市周边秸杆焚烧导致云凝结核变化的特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用DMTCCN仪定点观测的云凝结核（cloud condensation nuclei,CCN）粒子浓度资料,对2007年6月11—13日石家庄市出现的一次空气质量和能见度均十分差的灾害性极端天气事件进行了分析。结果表明,这次极端事件与周边地区焚烧秸杆的人为活动密切相关;对流层中、高层维持的下沉气流,迫使烟雾聚集在近地面层而使得CCN粒子数相对增加;垂直湍流交换微弱抑制了近地面层烟雾的垂直扩散,从而加剧低能见度的恶化,并导致霾天气形成;逆温层的厚度和地面静风、风速偏小同样使形成的烟雾在特殊地形作用下聚集 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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DING Yihui WU Guoxiong Da-Lin ZHANG ZHANG Renhe Co-Chief Editors 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(5):669-670
As we will soon celebrate the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Meteorological Society （CMS）,Acta Meteorologica Sinica （AMS）,which was originally named as Bulletin of the Chinese Meteorological Society,has gone through 89 years of development and excitement since her first issue in July 1925.According to archived documents （CMS Editorial Committee,1925）,AMS was founded to report the research findings of Chinese meteorologists,record their recommendations for improving meteorological services,and share their common meteorological interests in order to promote the growth of AMS such that more members could be inspired to conduct atmospheric research and meteorological knowledge would be better disseminated to and benefit the general public.By upholding and carrying forward this purpose,AMS has published many highly valuable scientific papers.Some could be treated as classical articles,which have produced important influences on both domestic and international meteorological communities and the related fields. 相似文献