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1.
内蒙古一次强沙尘暴过程综合观测分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用高空、地面常规观测资料和内蒙古沙尘暴监测站的沙尘暴器测资料,对2010年3月19～20日一次强沙尘暴天气过程进行了综合观测分析.结果表明:本次沙尘暴发生前,大气层结稳定并不利于对流的发展.但在700 hPa至500 hPa的强冷平流与850 hPa以下层次的平流差异有利于温度垂直递减率增大,强冷平流的作用使其中心以下层次形成热力不稳定层结,是沙尘暴发生的有利层结条件.当干对流风暴发生并形成沙尘暴天气时,不稳定能量释放,使该层大气趋于中性层结即混合层,混合层可能是其间的一个平衡态.对流层中低层冷平流的强度、位置和层次,一定程度上影响着混合层的厚度和沙尘暴的强度.过程中混合层以下气层温度下降的比较快,加之沙尘暴顶层短波辐射有增温效果,在混合层顶(约500 hPa处)出现逆温盖.强冷空气活动是引发沙尘暴天气的主要原因,沙尘暴天气的发生伴随着地面剧烈降温,相对湿度骤降,气压涌升,地面风速直接影响沙尘暴强度.可吸入颗粒物(PM10)浓度能更加精细的反映和描述沙尘暴强度的变化.粒子散射系数的变化趋势和PM10浓度的变化趋势非常一致,沙尘暴阶段,散射系数基本在1000Mm-1以上,达到强沙尘暴强度阶段,散射系数基本在2000Mm-1以上. 相似文献
2.
文章对2010年3月19日发生在内蒙古中西部地区的一次强沙尘暴天气进行了分析,结果表明,此次强沙尘暴是北路强冷空气引发的锋后西北大风沙尘暴天气过程,不断加强的蒙古冷高压和地面冷锋入侵是沙尘暴爆发的动力机制,强烈地上升运动和暖平流使得沙尘暴发生前内蒙古中西部地区上空积累了大量的不稳定能量,高空冷平流的侵扰促使不稳定能量释放,沙尘天气爆发。此外,高空急流的维持促使低层风速明显加大,有利于沙尘天气发展。沙尘暴发生前在对流层中层出现了逆温层,伴随着沙尘暴的发展,对流层中低层形成了深厚的混合层。沙尘天气结束后,大气层结趋于稳定。 相似文献
3.
甘肃河西地区一次强寒潮天气个例诊断分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2008年4月19~20日,受西伯利亚东移南下的强冷空气影响,河西地区出现了自2001年以来最强的1次寒潮天气.利用MICAPS资料分析了这次强寒潮爆发时的环流形势演变特征.同时采用NCEP/NCAR 2.5°×2.5°每天4次再分析资料,计算了60~105°E、35~60°N区域内,4月15日08时~20日08时300 hPa高空急流,500 hPa涡度、温度平流、垂直速度,700 hPa水汽通量散度等物理量.结果表明:此次强寒潮的爆发与高空急流在东移南下过程中逐渐加强有关,500 hPa正涡度区与槽前锋区配合一致,更有利于引导强冷空气东移南下.低层强冷平流对地面加压降温作用至关重要,垂直速度与大气层结稳定度有关.700 hPa水汽通量散度场分布特征对寒潮天气条件下的降水形成有明显影响,水汽通量散度极小值区域均有降水,最大值区域无降水而有沙尘天气. 相似文献
4.
本文利用GRAPES模式对2006年4月9日-11日大范围强沙尘暴过程进行了热力动力数值模拟分析,结果表明：整个强沙尘暴天气发生过程中,大气基本上呈稳定层结。西路第一阶段强沙尘暴天气爆发时高值位温下凹区明显下传,西路第二阶段强沙尘暴主要爆发在等位温线密集陡峭的弱稳定层结区域里,其次在高值位温下凹东移区。西北路强沙尘暴爆发时等位温线密集陡峭。暖平流是产生西路第一阶段强沙尘暴的重要热力因子。700hPa冷平流对西北路强沙尘暴的贡献最大,冷平流在河西走廊的骤增对预报西北路强沙尘暴爆发有很好的指示意义。 相似文献
5.
导致一例强沙尘暴的若干天气因素的观测和模拟研究 总被引：34，自引：2，他引：32
利用常规观测资料和数值模拟方法对 2 0 0 1年 4月 6～ 8日由蒙古气旋强烈发展触发的内蒙古地区强沙尘暴天气过程进行了分析研究。结果表明 :在这次“锋面气旋型”沙尘暴过程中 ,气旋冷锋是该天气系统引发沙尘暴的主要因素 ,冷锋过境对沙尘暴的触发作用远强于气旋发展。影响沙尘暴的天气因素中 ,地面大风形成主要源于气旋发展和锋后强冷平流 ,高空动量的有效下传则是另一重要原因。高空急流加强及其形成的次级环流使高空动量下传到对流层中层 ,其下方形成深厚混合层使这一动量继续下传到地面 ,是高空动量有效下传的机制。“混合层”可以从本质上反映有利沙尘暴形成的大气层结特征 ,其强度和高度很大程度决定沙尘暴的强弱。这次过程深厚混合层的形成是深厚干对流和强沙尘暴产生的主要原因。而它的形成则是长时间地面加热的结果 ,这也是特强沙尘暴仅发生在内蒙古中部偏北地区而不是下垫面条件更为适宜的内蒙古西部的原因。混合层空气的平流作用对内蒙古中部偏北地区深厚混合层的形成具有相当的贡献 ,其作用程度与地形分布密切相关。地面热通量试验证明地面加热不仅对冷锋过境产生的上升运动强度具有直接影响 ,也影响混合层形成和高空动量下传 ,并因此影响沙尘暴强度。 相似文献
6.
利用各种常规(探空)和非常规(自动站)资料对2009年6月5日灌南县的一次强对流天气过程进行了分析,结果表明:500 hPa冷平流和850 hPa暖平流增强了大气层结的不稳定性;地面冷锋和700 hPa切变线触发了不稳定能量的释放;强对流天气发生在700 hPa(前倾)槽和地面锋线之间的区域. 相似文献
7.
内蒙古东北部一次致灾大到暴雪天气分析 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
应用基本观测资料及NCEP再分析资料,对一次漏报的内蒙古东北地区致灾大到暴雪天气进行了诊断分析。结果表明:本次大暴雪天气过程与内蒙古大雪、暴雪天气学概念模型有所不同,没有强劲的水汽输送建立,垂直上升运动大值区集中在850～500 hPa层,强降雪呈现时间短、强度大、范围小、灾害严重的中尺度特点。这次过程中,850 hPa有很强的暖平流配合500 hPa西南气流中弱冷平流,对流层中低层温度平流随高度减小,有利于对流层中低层的不稳定层结的建立;地面副冷锋与气旋合并加强,850 hPa中尺度低涡强烈发展,加强了对流层低层的辐合上升运动,触发不稳定能量释放是强降雪形成的主要原因。边界层"冷垫"作用对强降雪有一定的增幅。 相似文献
8.
利用常规天气、地面危险天气报、自动站加密、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料等,对2011年7月12—20日持续9 d的华北冷涡过程阶段性特征进行分析。结果表明:冷涡过程降水主要分布在内蒙古东北部、华北和东北南部,发展阶段对流性强,多雷暴大风和冰雹,水汽来源于西南和东南气流,850 hPa上有强暖温度脊,高空急流较完整;减弱阶段以短时强降水为主,水汽来源于偏东气流;两阶段700 hPa以下为斜压,上升运动区主要位于东侧;发展阶段500 hPa为干区,南侧存在干空气侵入和θe梯度;减弱阶段整层相对湿度较大,θe锋区及不稳定度减弱。中层冷平流及中高层正涡度平流随高度增强是冷涡发展的主要因子,冷涡减弱是由低层冷平流进入冷涡中心、中层冷平流及中高层正涡度平流减弱共同影响所致。 相似文献
9.
“14.4.23”河西走廊特强沙尘暴演变过程特征分析 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
利用常规气象观测资料和ECMWF数值预报产品,对2014年4月23日甘肃河西走廊发生的特强沙尘暴过程形成和减弱原因进行天气动力学诊断分析,结果表明:500 hPa乌拉尔山脊前不稳定槽强烈发展,极地强冷空气向南爆发是这次特强沙尘暴产生的大尺度触发系统,地面冷锋所带来的强风是产生特强沙尘暴的主要原因.特强沙尘暴在河西走廊中西部增强的原因:700～850 hPa河西走廊近乎中性的温度层结,加上强冷平流和低空急流,有利于锋生和动量下传;地面冷锋强变压、变温梯度及日变化促使沙尘暴在河西西部爆发性发展.河西走廊中西部低空强上升运动有利于增大近地面沙尘浓度;强烈的温度差动平流和垂直风切变,加大了热力和动力不稳定.特强沙尘暴在河西走廊东部减弱的原因:造成特强沙尘暴的天气系统在河西东部北行减弱及河西走廊狭管效应地形环境消失;午夜日变化造成锋消;前期持续阴雨天气,使疏松裸露的地表土壤和沙漠形成一层板结层,增加起沙难度. 相似文献
10.
使用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料对2006年4月7~11日北京浮尘天气过程的持续性进行分析,指出此次浮尘天气过程主要受500 hPa西西伯利亚冷涡、鄂霍次克海暖高压以及青藏高原高压脊影响;700 hPa有干冷空气不断向北京地区输送,冷平流和斜压性都很强,大风和沙尘暴发生在强冷平流区域;由于华北南部地区近地面至中低层存在弱的不稳定层结,容易产生弱的上升运动。在近地面低压前部偏东风的作用下将沙尘粒子向北京地区输送,北京地区上空大气在中低层基本处于中性或不稳定层结状态,沙尘粒子不易在北京上空沉降,造成较长时间的浮尘天气。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
13.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献