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1.
利用美国国家环境预报中心（NCEP,National Centers for Environmental Prediction）提供的FNL（Final Analysis）格点资料和CIMSS（Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies）提供的红外云图,对2014年3月25—28日发生在大西洋上的一个爆发性气旋进行了研究。分析了该气旋的移动路径和中心气压的变化,并对其演变过程中的天气形势和爆发过程中的气旋中心特征进行了分析。该爆发性气旋在2014年3月25日受美国东南部上空的槽影响而生成,之后两天在北美洲东部沿岸向东北方向移动的过程中快速发展,于28日在加拿大东南部的海面上空衰亡。分析发现,气旋中心气压降低率不断升高的过程中,气旋西部一直有相当强的冷平流输送,同时相对湿度较大,较强的潜热加热、高位涡能量下传可能是气旋发生爆发性发展的原因。 相似文献
2.
北大西洋爆发性气旋的统计特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用National Centers for Environmental Prediction（NCEP）提供的Final Analysis（FNL）再分析资料,对2000-2015年冷季（10月至次年4月）北大西洋上的爆发性气旋进行了分析,综合考虑气旋中心位置经向分布特征和海面10 m高风场对爆发性气旋的定义进行了修订。根据气旋中心海表面气压最大加深率的空间分布,发现北大西洋爆发性气旋主要发生在4个区域,即:北美大陆区、西北大西洋区、北大西洋中央区和东北大西洋区。整个北大西洋区爆发性气旋个数随海表面中心气压最大加深率增大而减少,自西向东气旋强度增强,气旋移动路径呈西南-东北向。按气旋强度等级可分为4类:超强（≥ 2.15 Bergeron（Ber））、强（1.75-2.14 Ber）、中（1.45-1.74 Ber）、弱（1.00-1.44 Ber）爆发性气旋。在北大西洋海盆区,自西南向东北爆发性气旋的个数逐渐减少,爆发时长变短。西北大西洋区气旋中心气压加深率最大,爆发时长最长。东北大西洋区加深率最小,爆发时长最短。东北大西洋区爆发性气旋主要发生在12月,北大西洋中央区主要发生在12月-次年3月,西北大西洋区主要发生在1-2月。与海上相比,北美大陆区爆发性气旋发生个数少,强度弱,爆发时长短。 相似文献
3.
利用欧洲中期天气预报中心（ECMWF）提供的0.5°×0.5° ERA-Interim再分析资料，麦迪逊-威斯康星大学气象卫星研究所（CIMSS）提供的地球静止环境业务卫星（GOES-EAST）红外卫星云图和天气预报模式（WRF）的模拟结果，对2018年1月3—6日发生在北大西洋上的一个具有“T”型（T-bone）锋面结构的超强爆发性气旋进行分析。该爆发性气旋在较暖的湾流上空生成，沿海表面温度大值区向东北方向快速移动，生成后6 h内爆发性发展，24 h中心气压降低48.7 hPa。高空槽加深、涡度平流加强和低层较强的大气斜压性为气旋快速发展提供了有利的环流背景场。由于气旋发展迅速，低层相对涡度急剧增大，低压中心南部来自西北方向的干冷空气随气旋式环流快速向东推进，与东南暖湿气流汇合，锋生作用较强。较暖的洋面对西北冷空气的加热作用使得交汇的冷、暖空气温度梯度较小。减弱东移的冷锋与暖锋逐渐形成近似垂直的“T”型结构。用Zwack-Okossi方程诊断分析表明，非绝热加热、温度平流和正涡度平流是该爆发性气旋发展的主要影响因子。气旋初始爆发阶段，西北冷空气进入温暖的洋面，海洋对上层大气感热输送和潜热释放较强，非绝热加热对气旋快速发展有较大贡献。气旋进一步发展，“T”型锋面结构显著，温度平流净贡献较大，对气旋的发展和维持起重要作用。 相似文献
4.
利用1968—1987年的海平面天气图资料，分析了爆发性气旋的气候特点。主要内容有:爆发性气旋的发生频率，频率的时间分布，地理分布，大风强度及分布方位、气旋爆发前后的大风、中心气压、加深率等要素的变化。 相似文献
5.
用1958到1989年共32年资料对东亚及西太平洋地区的锋面气旋做了统计研究,气旋生成有两个主要的集中区,蒙古生成区次数最多,沿海生成区次之并还可以分为两个分区。各生成区中心位置和中心数值随季节有不同的变化。 气旋中心气压24小时变化值呈负偏态分布,海洋地区气旋的负偏度更大,爆发性气旋主要出现在海洋上,沿海地区也时有发生。有明显年际、月际变化,主要发生在冬季,次为春季.文中还对爆发性气旋各种特征参数做了详细统计。 用计算气旋活动的相对变率方法,定出了四季气旋主要活动路径。 相似文献
6.
利用高分辨率观测资料和ERA5再分析资料, 分析造成2021年11月7—8日东北极端暴雪的温带气旋结构特征及爆发性发展机制, 结果表明:温带气旋发生在高空冷涡背景下, 地面气旋在黄海形成后出现爆发性快速增强并沿东北地区东部北上。地面降雪区主要分布在气旋西侧, 且降雪强度与气旋的发生发展密切相关;地面气旋在爆发性发展后由叶状云系演变为逗点涡旋云系, 并表现出明显的锋面断裂和暖锋包卷;其垂直结构也先后出现高空锋区断裂、干暖核形成和中性锢囚锋区加强;西伯利亚高压脊、华北高空槽和东北高压脊3个异常中心构成Rossby波列, 随着高度异常中心不断东移及波能量向下游地区频散, 华北高空槽区的波作用通量明显增大导致华北冷涡快速增强, 涡度因子的急剧增大有利于地面气旋爆发性发展;随着平流层位涡高值区沿等熵面不断向南发展和向下传播, 导致中层冷涡快速发展并向下伸展, 诱发地面气旋爆发性增强。 相似文献
7.
利用观测资料、FY-2C卫星云图和NCEP再分析资料，对2003年6月22—23日黄河下游的气旋爆发性发展过程进行天气学分析和中尺度数值模拟与诊断，研究这次爆发性气旋的发展特征。结果表明：河套高空槽东移与山东南部的切变线合并产生这次爆发性气旋。MM5数值模式可以很好地模拟夏季陆地爆发性气旋发展过程。夏季陆地爆发性气旋发生在与高度场气旋性弯曲相重合的高空急流出口区，气旋从急流出口区右侧向左侧行进的过程中爆发性发展。气旋爆发性发展需要高空有急流，低空有西南和东南风急流为其提供强的暖平流和水汽通道。气旋的爆发性发展伴随着上升运动强烈发展，上升运动区高层强辐散、低层强辐舍。气旋爆发性发展在高能场中，大气具有强对流性不稳定。 相似文献
8.
东北地区两次历史罕见暴风雪天气过程的分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《高原气象》2017,(2)
使用地面和高空观测资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析的格点资料和WRF中尺度数值模拟结果,对1983年4月29日黑龙江省暴风雪天气和2007年3月3—5日辽宁省暴风雪天气过程进行了分析,阐明了暴风雪天气发生的环境条件及其出现的时间和位置特点,对天气预报和防灾减灾有重要意义。研究结果表明,两次有史以来最猛烈的、大范围的、持续性的暴风雪天气的影响系统为爆发性气旋,气旋在300 h Pa南支急流出口区北侧和北支急流入口区南侧之间的区域爆发性加深,气旋中心的海平面气压24 h平均加深率分别为1.2 h Pa·h~(-1)(观测)和0.71 h Pa·h~(-1)(模式)。单站上空风随高度顺转,风速随高度增长,4.5~8 km出现等风速层,对流层存在显著的垂直风切变。对流层高层辐散低层辐合,上升运动由于暖平流和高空辐散抽吸而发展,贯穿整个对流层。暴风雪天气主要出现在地面气旋中心区域的西部和北部,其中气旋中心西偏北方向110 km附近气压梯度最大的地方,出现7~9级的偏北风,12 h降水量达到20~35 mm,是暴风雪天气最猛烈的地方。在地面气压下降最快的时期,地面风速急剧增长,降水强度达到最大。9~10级东南风出现在气旋中心的东南方向约300 km,近地面有暖湿空气的入流急流。在气旋中心正北方3~5个纬度的范围内,仍有较强的暴雪和大风天气,出现暴风雪时的风力为6~7级,大部分测站的最大风出现在降水结束后。使用VAPOR对两次过程的风速进行三维显示,结果表明,风速大于25 m·s-1的区域在两支急流之间从对流层高层伸展至近地面,说明暴风雪天气过程中的地面强风能量来源于对流层高层大气。 相似文献
9.
利用常规和加密气象观测、NCEP再分析、云图等资料,对2010—2019年春季影响大连的温带气旋特征及爆发性气旋造成的极端天气的物理机制进行分析。结果表明：春季进入到渤海、黄海北部的气旋平均每月2.4个;气旋一般先进入黄海,进入黄海和经渤海进入黄海的温带气旋总计有84.5%进入黄海北部,且春季进入黄渤海的气旋73%会给大连地区带来大风或降水天气,影响大连东部沿海的几率远高于其他地区;产生较强灾害性天气的爆发性气旋多发生在春季,路径基本都是由西南向东北方向移动。爆发性气旋主要是因为温带气旋经过黄渤海后短时间快速降压,到大连陆地发生爆发性发展,这种温带气旋的发展一般从低层开始,具有较强的锋区和斜压性,爆发阶段位于正涡度平流最大的高空急流出口区,对应低空位于低空急流左前方辐合区。较强的冷、暖温度平流是造成极端降水和大风天气的主要因素,暴雨的形成主要是温带气旋带来的暖湿气流持续输送,并伴有较强上升运动促使的水汽垂直输送,整层水汽充沛;当低空急流发展和冷、暖空气交绥时,出现了在高湿、高温的湿斜压锋区上的强降水;而北路强冷空气与黄、渤海上爆发性发展的温带气旋形成极强气压梯度,是出现极端大风的主要原因。 相似文献
10.
基于实况观测资料、欧洲中期天气预报中心(European Centre for Medium-Range Forecast, ECMWF)0.5°（纬度）×0.5°（经度）水平分辨率的再分析数据和集合预报数据,对2018年2月一次入海爆发性气旋在黄海南部的爆发性增强时期的动力和热力因子进行了对比分析。根据气旋路径、强度和海面风的检验结果挑选出两组集合成员——好成员组和坏成员组。通过组间对比分析得到如下主要 结论 1）在气旋入海之后爆发性增强时,500 hPa高空槽和850 hPa中低层低涡迅速加强,同时低层和高层的西南急流均明显加大,中高层系统快速增强,上述因子均为气旋出现爆发性发展提供有利条件。2）气旋入海之后上升运动快速增强,这加剧了低层辐合与高层辐散,有利于地面降压,促使地面气旋的爆发性发展。水汽在中低层辐合后随气流上升发生凝结并释放潜热,这加强了高层辐散、低层辐合以及上升运动,促使气旋进一步爆发性发展。与此同时,对流层顶的高值位涡下传增强,低层大气斜压性受气旋上空冷暖平流的增强而增大,导致垂直稳定度减小,地面气旋性涡度增强,也有利于气旋爆发性发展。最终此次气旋快速增强并达到中等爆发性气旋的强度。3）虽然集合预报两组成员的平均场均比分析场弱,但是好成员组抓住了气旋上空中高层天气系统的快速增强过程,以及垂直运动、温度平流、水汽条件、位涡等预报因子和物理量的快速增强过程,其预报效果在气旋强度和路径等方面均显著优于坏成员组。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
13.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
14.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
15.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(4):227
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. 相似文献
17.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
18.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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20.
《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献