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1.
利用常规气象资料、FY-2E卫星云图资料、榆林CINRAD/CB雷达资料和NCEP1°×1°再分析资料,对陕西北部绥德县2012年7月15日夜间一次短时特大暴雨过程进行分析,结果表明:高对流有效位能为大暴雨积累了能量条件,850hPa两条湿舌为该次大暴雨的主要水汽来源。850hPa的"人"字型切变和地面中尺度低压加强了暴雨区辐合上升运动,干线过境触发了强对流天气的爆发。强降水时段在卫星云图上表现为2个中尺度对流系统(MCS)合并增强且缓慢移动;雷达回波显示3个对流单体发展较快,后向传播且合并增强为深厚的湿对流风暴,其中一个对流单体有中气旋生成,水平尺度12km,垂直累积液态水含量65kg/m2,并有三体散射现象,强降水开始后,三体散射消失。 相似文献
2.
祝小梅 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2012,6(2):49-52
利用伊宁新一代天气雷达资料,结合高空和地面观测资料,分析了2010年7月19日伊犁地区一次局地暴雨天气过程。结果表明：此次强对流天气过程的主要影响系统为500 hPa中亚低槽、200hpa高空急流、低层风速辐合和地面雷暴高压。较强的层结不稳定和低层垂直风切变有利于对流的产生;云图和雷达资料分析表明,此次局地暴雨是由中尺度强对流云团产生,具有典型的对流单体形成、发展成回波短带合并形成带状回波,该带状回波最后演变成一个尺度较大的弓形回波。 相似文献
3.
利用常规观测、加密自动站降水及NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料,结合铜仁多普勒雷达观测资料对2015年7月14日夜间发生在贵州省松桃县的一次局地特大暴雨进行分析,结果发现:此次局地特大暴雨是发生在中层500 h Pa中低纬"ω"环流型稳定形势下;低层高湿高能环境为暴雨提供了充足的水汽和能量;地面弱冷空气入侵激发了对流的产生,是产生强降水的触发条件;梵净山地形对气流既有抬升又有增强气流辐合的作用,对流单体不断在其迎风坡产生;雷达回波显示对流回波单体沿着地面中尺度辐合线生成、发展、合并、移动和消亡,出现了明显的列车效应,地面辐合线对对流单体起着组织、加强和引导作用;暴雨区位于850 h Pa暖式切变线南侧、地面冷锋前部、地面中尺度辐合线北侧,而地面中尺度辐合线北侧1~1.5个纬距内是强降水的主要落区。 相似文献
4.
广西区域极端特大暴雨成因个例分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用常规观测资料、FY-2E卫星观测资料、雷达探测资料以及自动站雨量资料等,对2010年6月28日广西极端特大暴雨过程进行分析;结果表明：①暴雨灾害具有区域小、降雨时段集中、过程雨量大、短历时降雨强及引发次生灾害特别重等特点;②亚欧中高纬度500 hPa呈两脊一槽型、200 hPa南亚高压脊线贯穿广西上空及西南季风活跃是暴雨的环流背景;高空低涡、地面干线是主要天气系统配置,属低涡暴雨型;③强不稳定能量及层结的存在、850 hPa以下低层辐合、700 hPa附近明显涡旋、整层大气上升运动、850 hPa以下层高湿及水汽强烈辐合是主要物理量特征;④中尺度低压、低涡及气流辐合等是中尺度对流触发条件.FY-2E红外云图上对流云团生成、合并对强降雨有重要指示意义,暴雨发生在云团合并发展阶段,FY-2E的TBB值小于200 K可以作为短历时强降雨的指标.低质心雷达回波产生的列车效应和地形作用是造成强降雨的重要因素,低层辐合、高层辐散导致的强烈上升运动,有利于强对流的发展与维持. 相似文献
5.
2008年盛夏湖北一次连续性暴雨天气过程分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用常规气象观测资料以及自动站加密观测资料、T213物理量场、卫星云图和雷达回波资料,对2008年盛夏湖北省一次连续性大暴雨天气过程的环流背景、卫星云图和降水回波演变特征以及物理成因作初步诊断分析。结果表明:这次过程是中纬度长波槽发展并缓慢东移南压、不断分裂出小槽带动冷空气南下与稳定的副热带高压外围暖湿气流在长江中游交汇的结果;暴雨过程中,中低层辐合和西南低空急流为暴雨形成提供了充足水汽,而低层强暖平流、地面暖倒槽为暴雨形成提供了大量不稳定能量;随着降水系统向东发展,冷暖空气交汇加剧有利对流加强,在卫星云图上表现为多个中尺度云团生成、发展、合并,多普勒雷达产品表现为由层状云降水回波为主发展转为混合性降水回波,同时伴随多个强对流回波单体发生发展。 相似文献
6.
《湖北气象》2021,40(2)
利用常规气象观测资料、卫星云图、多普勒天气雷达资料、区域自动气象站资料与NECP/NCAR 1°×1°逐6 h全球再分析资料,对2016年7月3—4日梵净山东南侧暖区特大暴雨的中尺度系统演变与环境场特征进行了分析。结果表明:(1)该过程暴雨发生在副热带高压西北侧高空槽区、低层暖切变南侧、低空急流左前端及高空200 hPa分流辐散区,主要影响系统为500 hPa高空槽和850 hPa暖切变线,地面无明显冷空气影响,属贵州暖区极端暴雨。(2)此次暖区暴雨是由4个对流云团连续影响直接造成,强降雨出现在对流云团中心附近及其后侧云顶亮温(T_(BB))等值线梯度大值区。(3)暴雨由积状云为主的混合降水回波造成;暖云层和湿层深厚、低层水汽输送充沛、异常偏低的自由对流高度(LFC)和抬升凝结高度(LCL)及中等强度"瘦高"型对流有效位能分布,是形成高效率降水的有利环境条件。(4)梵净山对水汽向北输送具有阻挡作用,使水汽通量大值带和水汽辐合中心集中在其东南侧;边界层偏东风在山前转向南流与南来偏南气流在暴雨区形成东西向稳定中尺度辐合线,对流在辐合线附近触发、合并、加强和东移是造成特大暴雨的重要原因;迎风坡和喇叭口地形的中小尺度动力强迫有利于边界层水汽输送和抬升凝结。 相似文献
7.
本文利用常规气象观测资料、区域自动站加密观测资料、FY-2卫星云图、新一代天气雷达及NECP的1°×1°再分析资料对黑龙江省的2006-2014年冰雹和2008-2014年的强降水在非典型环境条件下表现出的局地要素特征以及卫星和雷达特征进行分析。分析结果显示：较大的对流有效位能、低层强暖空气为对流发生提供了热力不稳定;700hPa湿区配合冰雹500hPa干区和强降水低层弱水汽辐合使得对流具备了有利的水汽垂直分布条件;最终在地面局地辐合的触发下产生了对流;冰雹有较高的0℃层高度和较低的气压;冰雹和强降水有利的海拔高度分别在200-500m和100-200m。卫星云图和雷达上的表现往往比较孤立,移动较快,产生的时间和位置与两个小云块或小云块与大云团合并的时间及位置一致,低层水汽辐合明显时可能会伴有大的云团。雷达回波上冰雹云但很难探测到钩状回波等特征回波,强降水多为原地生消火或列车效应产生。 相似文献
8.
“6·29”西安突发性特大短时暴雨过程分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用天气图、物理量、卫星云图和雷达回波资料,对2004年6月29—30日发生在西安市的特大暴雨过程综合分析。结果表明:特大暴雨发生在冷锋云系前部,500 hPa槽前的弱冷空气触发对流产生;远距离台风为特大暴雨提供了充沛的水汽和能量;特大暴雨分别发生在一次强对流和一次弱对流环境中,在卫星云图上表现为一中-β尺度对流云团和一片低云;强对流云体高度为15 km,弱对流云体高度为9 km。 相似文献
9.
《内蒙古气象》2016,(4)
文章利用常规天气资料和NECP/NCAR再分析资料,对2014年8月3—4日唐山地区的强对流天气过程进行详细分析。结果表明:此次强降水天气是500h Pa贝加尔湖以南低槽与河套短波槽东移合并引起的,850h Pa切变线是造成此次暴雨天气的主要影响系统,地面辐合线是触发机制;台风外围暖湿气流输送是此次暴雨发生的主要水汽来源,低层充足的水汽输送和水汽辐合提供有利的水汽条件;低层维持暖湿、中高层干冷入侵增加了大气不稳定能量,是强对流天气出现的重要原因;低层辐合上升,高层辐散,高空急流抽吸、通风作用维持强对流发展;卫星红外云图、多普勒雷达基本反射率对对流单体,多普勒雷达径向速度对低层辐合线有很好的识别,对强对流天气预报预警有较好的指示意义。 相似文献
10.
广东罕见特大致洪暴雨形成机理个例分析 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
利用常规观测、雷达卫星和NCEP 1°×1°格点资料,从形势场配置、水汽供应、动力机制等方面对广东罕见特大暴雨的形成机理进行诊断分析。结果表明:西太平洋副高位置偏南,强度偏弱,副高北侧的西南暖湿气流与西风槽前的冷空气共同作用是此次特大致洪暴雨形成的重要原因;强盛低空急流为暴雨过程提供了充沛的水汽;高层辐散低层辐合激发强烈上升运动;特大暴雨过程中垂直螺旋度量级(10-6hPa.s-2)比常规(10-8hPa.s-2)大2个量级,其正值区长轴与700 hPa的切变辐合线走向和移动方向一致;广东暴雨范围和量级增大期间,其上空垂直螺旋度具有中低层正、高层负螺旋度闭合中心向低层明显传送的特征。 相似文献
11.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
12.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
13.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
14.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
15.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
18.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
19.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献