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1.
一次强飑线云结构特征的卫星反演分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用NOAA卫星AVHRR资料,对2006年4月28日山东一次春季强飑线过程进行了分析,重点研究了卫星资料多光谱综合分析的强对流云微物理特征和卫星识别的对流强信号,并与雷达、FY-2C卫星观测资料进行了对比分析。结果表明:(1)RGB合成图能清晰地显示云顶的结构、纹理、云砧、组成、高度及云厚等信息,是一种很方便的分析工具。(2)多光谱综合分析归纳出卫星探测对流强信号:云顶的对流结构和纹理突出,有明显的云砧,云顶以小粒子为主,粒子有效半径Re随高度增长缓慢,云团上部存在明显的Re随高度递减带,云顶Re和-dRe/dT能定量指示对流的强弱。据此,卫星识别出强中心A比实际降雹提前了近1h,比飑线发生提前了2.5h,比多普勒雷达监测提前了近2h,特别是识别出的强中心B比实际降雹提前了近4h。卫星探测为强对流天气的监测预报和预警提供了一种新途径。 相似文献
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利用常规气象资料和多普勒雷达资料,从天气形势、物理量场和雷达回波演变特征3方面分析了2006年8月2日庆阳市局地强降雹的天气过程。结果表明：此次降雹过程在500hPa高空环流形势场上呈典型的西北气流型,低层辐合、高层辐散,对流层中层正涡度区的耦合激发低层上升运动加强,有利于本地水汽向上输送;河套北部短波槽促使冷空气动力下传是这次局地强对流天气最主要的动力触发机制;从雷达回波的演变来看此次降雹并非是典型的冰雹云回波特征,而是由飑线造成的对流云相互碰并增强后产生的冰雹;同时卫星云图上云顶亮温的变化与对流云团的发展也有着很好的对应关系,单个云团的合并有利于能量的集中和加强,易于产生冰雹。 相似文献
3.
利用常规气象观测数据、ERA-5再分析资料、两种波段多普勒雷达产品、FY-2F云顶亮温TBB资料对2020年5月21日陕西一次强对流天气过程进行分析。结果表明：强对流发生在有利天气背景和环境条件下,对流云自北向南迅速移动发展增强,强天气区位于对流云后部TBB等温线密集处;C波段雷达产品在风暴演变过程中识别出了线状回波、三体散射回波特征,风暴单体具有明显的悬垂结构,单体质心短时间内迅速下降对应地面出现大风,三体散射回波在高低仰角依次出现对地面降雹有指示意义;X波段雷达偏振参量在风暴单体发展与成熟阶段有明显差异,发展阶段利用融化层以上的ZDR柱可以对风暴单体发展趋势做出预判,成熟阶段融化层以下RHV在08～09且ZDR和KDP随高度降低不断增大的区域为降落冰雹融化区,可以作为地面降雹的预判。 相似文献
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一次弱对流天气降雹成灾的雷达回波特征分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对新疆玛河流域一次冰雹天气雷达资料及地面实况资料的分析,研究弱对流云降雹的雷达反射率因子与径向速度场的回波特征,进一步探讨弱对流云降雹与0℃层高度较低及垂直风切变的关系：弱对流天气当日零度层高度值可作为分析弱冰雹云的依据;高低空风速的差异形成的风切变造成的动压力产生垂直加速度,使对流运动得到加强和维持,也是此次降雹的动力机制。分析此次天气,揭示了新疆玛河流域弱对流云降雹天气过程生消的一些重要特征和变化,对雹云的识别和分析具有一定的指导意义。 相似文献
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利用常规气象观测资料以及卫星和多普勒雷达监测资料,对2010年6月2日晋东南局地强降雹的天气过程进行分析。结果表明：此次降雹过程在500hPa高空环流形势场上呈典型的偏北气流型,低层辐合、高层辐散;蒙古脊前、冷涡后部偏北气流促使冷空气动力下传是这次局地强对流天气主要的动力触发机制;雷达回波演变显示位于低涡后部的强回波分布分散,呈现“爆米花”状;卫星云图上云顶亮温的变化与对流云团的发展有着很好的对应关系,孤立云团的合并使能量集中和加强,有利于冰雹的产生。 相似文献
6.
利用1971-2005年三门峡市冰雹天气过程资料,分析了冰雹时空分布特征、主要影响系统、本站要素指标及雷达回波特征等,结果表明:渑池县降雹次数最多,灵宝次之,卢氏最少;降雹集中在4-8月,13-19时降雹几率最高.三门峡降雹的天气形势主要有蒙古-华北冷槽、冷涡型和西北气流型.受上述天气系统影响时,500 hPa有冷平流,若地面连续2～3天增温增湿,有可能出现冰雹天气.此外,雹云雷达回波强度＞50 dBz,云顶高度＞10 km,云顶温度＜-40℃,垂直积分液态含水量有明显的跃升.是降雹的前兆. 相似文献
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利用高空、地面资料,自动气象站资料和河池多普勒雷达资料,对2013年3月23日桂西北河池市区域性冰雹天气过程进行分析。结果表明:500hPa高原冷槽、850hPa切变线、地面弱冷锋是这次过程的影响系统;边界层辐合线为触发对流云提供了动力条件;冷云厚度是暖云厚度的2倍有利于冰雹天气的产生;适宜降雹的云顶亮温在-52℃到-62℃;当VIL值≥60kg/m2时,强回波附近将有冰雹出现;反射率因子图上的弓形回波,钩状回波,弱回波区,旁瓣回波、三体散射,是发布冰雹预警的重要指标。 相似文献
9.
敖泽建 《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2017,11(2):27-33
利用甘南多普勒雷达资料分析了2014年4月15日甘肃省合作市强对流天气过程,结果表明:此次冰雹天气的雹云特征与甘肃中东部地区存在一定的差异,虽然出现了弱回波区、回波悬垂、50 d Bz以上强回波伸展到-20℃以上等甘肃中东部地区大冰雹的降雹特征,但没有出现大冰雹。垂直液态水含量突增时,可以预示降雹开始,但此次冰雹天气过程开始时,垂直液态水含量仅为5 kg/m~2,远远小于东部地区;随着对流云增强,垂直液态水含量达到15 kg/m~2。强对流附近出现的低空大风速区不一定是低空急流,也可能是对流云的出流。 相似文献
10.
《高原气象》2018,(6)
利用FY-2G静止卫星资料,采用多光谱综合分析方法,对2016年6月23日江苏盐城特大龙卷强对流灾害天气进行分析,重点分析强对流云微物理特征和识别强对流的卫星信号,并与雷达、TRMM卫星观测资料进行了对比分析。结果表明:(1)静止卫星RGB合成图能够可视化、便捷显示云微物理特征与发展趋势,对流云2区云团是产生龙卷的主云团,云系移动缓慢、位置基本保持不变是本次龙卷的特点,致使龙卷始终维持在盐城。(2)归纳出龙卷强对流云微物理特征和卫星信号为云顶高、云顶温度(T_(top))达到-80℃,存在过顶现象;云顶粒子有效半径(Re_(top))小、以小冰粒子为主,云砧结构明显,上部存在云粒子有效半径(Re)随温度(T)递减带;晶化温度(T_g)冷,达到同质冻结温度,对应有效半径(Re_g)小。08:00(北京时) FY-2G已探测到1、2、4区云团具有强对流发展潜势,通过卫星跟踪云团强弱变化,及时发现灾害性强对流天气发生云团,加强对该云团监测,提前预警强对流灾害性天气发生,为静止卫星应用于强对流天气监测预警提供新途径。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
17.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
DING Yihui WU Guoxiong Da-Lin ZHANG ZHANG Renhe Co-Chief Editors 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(5):669-670
As we will soon celebrate the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Meteorological Society （CMS）,Acta Meteorologica Sinica （AMS）,which was originally named as Bulletin of the Chinese Meteorological Society,has gone through 89 years of development and excitement since her first issue in July 1925.According to archived documents （CMS Editorial Committee,1925）,AMS was founded to report the research findings of Chinese meteorologists,record their recommendations for improving meteorological services,and share their common meteorological interests in order to promote the growth of AMS such that more members could be inspired to conduct atmospheric research and meteorological knowledge would be better disseminated to and benefit the general public.By upholding and carrying forward this purpose,AMS has published many highly valuable scientific papers.Some could be treated as classical articles,which have produced important influences on both domestic and international meteorological communities and the related fields. 相似文献