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北京风沙天气的气溶胶特征 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：15
利用常规气象观测资料、卫星云图以及1988、1990、1992、1993、1995、2000年等年北京风沙天气期间所采集的气溶胶样品的分析结果,研究了北京的风沙天气分布特征,风沙期间大气污染状况,产生风沙天气的主要原因及沙尘的来源等.初步得出北京的风沙天气主要出现在春季,是造成春季大气污染的重要原因之一;北京春季风沙天气是由沙尘暴、浮尘和扬沙造成,但以扬尘引起的频率为最高,占71.4%;风沙期间大气气溶胶与无风沙时气溶胶的物理化学特征有明显的差异;大气气溶胶的物理化学特征显示出,风沙期间的大气气溶胶主要来源于自然源,以局地尘源为主,人为排放的气溶胶作用相对减弱. 相似文献
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利用AERONET观测资料从气候学的角度比较分析了2001-2011年东亚地区沙尘天气发生时沙尘源区和下游区大气气溶胶光学特性。结果表明：沙尘期间沙尘源区气溶胶光学厚度明显大于下游区,而Angstr?m波长指数却小于下游区,当沙尘暴出现时会降至零甚至负值。气溶胶粒子尺度体积谱分布除敦煌为单峰外,其余各站均呈双峰分布,香河和北京的细粒子浓度明显大于西北地区,这可能是由细的沙尘粒子和污染气溶胶共同造成。在440-1020 nm范围内,中国地区气溶胶单次散射反照率平均值为0.93,韩国和日本站分别为0.93和0.94。沙尘源区与下游区相比,复折射指数实部偏大,虚部偏小。总体来说,沙尘天气下东亚地区在4个波段内平均不对称因子为0.70。 相似文献
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利用气溶胶激光雷达、地基多通道微波辐射计资料,反演得到邢台市2017年5月3 5日沙尘天气过程前后的消光系数、退偏比和高空的温度、湿度变化,结合后向轨迹模式等资料,分析了沙尘天气过程前后的天气形势、颗粒物污染特征及来源、消光系数、退偏比等的变化。结果表明:来源于新疆北部的沙尘气溶胶受地面冷锋东移南下影响,以西北路径远距离输送沉降是导致邢台市颗粒污染物浓度骤升的主要原因,而本地大风的出现会导致由地面向高空扩散形成的沙尘污染次高峰,其中细颗粒物PM10的浓度升幅远大于PM_(2.5)浓度升幅;在高空2 000 m附近集聚的沙尘气溶胶可以形成消光系数大于1 km-1的强值区,沙尘聚集区域的退偏比平均值为0.252,与下层退偏比平均值为0.041的区域形成一个明显的沙尘分界线,消光系数的强值中心和退偏比的高低值分界线可以很好地表征出高空沙尘粒子的沉降变化;在高空沙尘沉降和地面大风引起的沙尘天气时,地面温度都出现了升高态势,在地面颗粒污染物浓度出现剧烈增加前,整层大气湿度呈现陡降趋势,而在颗粒污染物浓度处于高值波动阶段,整层大气湿度均维持在一个较低的水平。 相似文献
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《气象科学进展》2014,(1)
使用差分淌度粒径分析仪(TDMPS)和空气动力学粒径分析仪(APS)对上甸子区域本底站气溶胶(直径3nm~10μm)数谱分布特征进行观测。利用2008年的观测结果,分析了不同天气(包括沙尘天气、干洁天气和雾霾天气)条件下大气气溶胶数谱分布及其与气象要素和气团来源的关系。结果表明,沙尘天气条件下,上甸子站受西北方向的气团控制,风速较大,粗粒子数浓度明显增加,PM10的质量浓度可以迅速增加到毫克每立方米(mg·m-3)的量级。典型的"香蕉型"新粒子生成事件通常发生在比较干洁晴朗的天气条件下,西北气团主导,大气中背景气溶胶数浓度较低,核模态气溶胶数浓度迅速增长,气溶胶的粒径呈现明显的增长过程,核模态可以平稳地增长到约80nm,达到成为云凝结核的尺度。雾霾天气通常是在西南气团影响下,细颗粒物(1μm以下)不断累积、相对湿度不断升高的条件下发生的。雾霾天气条件下数谱分布的几何中值粒径出现在积聚模态,积聚模态数浓度也高于非雾霾天。个例研究表明,雾霾天气条件下,PM2.5质量浓度可以达到非雾霾天的10倍左右,其中以细颗粒物的贡献为主。在雾霾天气条件下,上甸子站数浓度较高的积聚模态颗粒物主要来自城区的传输,因此对背景地区气溶胶数谱的研究可以为解析城区气溶胶复杂来源提供依据。 相似文献
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2000～2002年青岛地区沙尘天气分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用气象台沙尘天气常规观测资料和micaps天气图资料,借助美国国家海洋和大气局(NOAA)后向轨迹模式(HYSPLIT),分析了影响青岛市的沙尘来源、移动路径,以及沙尘粒子的干沉降通量.结果表明:青岛市沙尘天气主要发生在春季,一天中出现沙尘频率最高时刻是14时.影响青岛的沙尘暴天气主要爆发于蒙古国,在境内的浑善达克沙地、科尔沁沙地以及蒙晋冀长城沿线得到加强后到达青岛.影响青岛的沙尘天气移动路径主要是偏西和偏北两条路径,偏西路径是爆发于蒙古国的沙尘暴由内蒙古中部入侵,沿着山西北部-河北-山东-青岛的路径到达青岛;偏北路径是爆发于蒙古国的沙尘暴由内蒙古东部入侵,经内蒙古东部的浑善达克沙地或科尔沁沙地至河北北部,再沿京津地区-山东-青岛的路径到达青岛.每年由青岛入黄海的沙尘粒子干沉降通量为51.3 g m-2a-1,春季的干沉降通量为o.20 g m-2d-1,整个黄海每天的总干沉降量为7.58×105g. 相似文献
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利用2006 2013年CALIOP激光雷达Level 1B数据的气溶胶衰减后向散射系数、退偏比和色比观测,分析了华北地区大气气溶胶光学特性的垂直分布特征。统计结果显示:2010-2013年,华北地区4-8 km高度范围内衰减后向散射系数均值呈减小的趋势,而0-4 km高度范围内衰减后向散射系数均值呈增长趋势。说明2010年以后近地面层(0-2 km)气溶胶散射作用逐渐增强,高层(4-8 km)气溶胶散射作用逐渐降低,这与近年华北地区霾天气(颗粒物主要聚集在近地层)日趋增加、沙尘天气(沙尘气溶胶层经常存在于4-8 km的范围)有所减少相吻合。20062013年,华北地区冬季0-4 km高度范围内衰减后向散射系数均值最大,近地面层气溶胶散射作用最大,这与该地区冬季取暖燃烧排放增加有关。春、秋两季4-8 km高度范围内衰减后向散射系数均值较大,夏季0-8 km各高度范围内衰减后向散射系数均最小,说明春、秋季节的气溶胶散射贡献主要来自4-8 km的对流层上部大气。春季对流层上部的高后向散射系数与华北地区春季频发的沙尘天气有关,秋季对流层上部的高后向散射系数与华北收获季节的生物质燃烧有关。2008年以后,华北地区2-8 km范围内各高度层的退偏比均值逐年减小,这说明规则的球形气溶胶粒子在近几年有所增加。0-4 km范围的低层大气,2009年后色比均值缓慢增加。而6-8 km范围内的色比均值从2008年后一直都是减小的,说明2008年后对流层上部大气(4-8 km)气溶胶粒子的尺度在减小,这也与近几年沙尘天气减少、霾天数增加的现象是一致的。0-8 km各个高度范围内的退偏比和色比均值春季最大,且退偏比随着高度的增加而增加,再次证明春季华北受沙尘天气影响,不规则的粗粒子气溶胶最多。夏、冬季节近地面层(0-2km)退偏比和色比均值略大于2-4 km高度层的,夏、冬两季近地面主要以人为活动排放的气溶胶为主,冬季除了汽车尾气排放和工业排放外,还有取暖增加的排放。近地面层易受人为活动影响混合一些不规则气溶胶。 相似文献
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近年来华东地区大气气溶胶的时空特征 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
利用2000年2月—2008年12月的AERONET（AErosol RObotic NETwork）地基观测数据对MODIS/TERRA Collection 005气溶胶光学厚度（aerosol optical thickness;AOT）在华东区域的适用性进行了验证,并利用验证后的MODIS气溶胶产品对华东区域气溶胶光学厚度和尺度分布特征进行了分析。结果表明,（1）通过验证比较,MODIS的AOT在华东区域与AERONET站陆基观测到的AOT具有非常好的一致性,满足美国NASA的设计要求。（2）华东区域的气溶胶光学厚度存在明显的时空分布特征。时间上,在春季和夏季达到最大,而在秋季和冬季最小,表现出明显的季节变化规律。空间上,气溶胶光学厚度受地形影响明显。其高值区主要分布在平原地区,而低值区主要在海拔较高的山区。（3）该区域的气溶胶尺度分布也存在显著的变化特征。在冬、春由于沙尘输送的影响,整个华东区域气溶胶粒子的尺度都比较大,主要以自然生成的沙尘粒子为主。而在夏、秋季由于夏季风和降水的影响,气溶胶粒子的尺度都比较小,以工业排放的人为气溶胶粒子为主。 相似文献
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2006年北京春季气溶胶吸收系数的分离研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对2006年春季北京城区大气气溶胶中沙尘和黑碳气溶胶吸收系数的波长指数及其对总吸收系数的贡献进行了估算。结果表明：2006年春季北京城市地区测点,黑碳气溶胶吸收系数随波长的变化呈指数递减,假设某些天的气溶胶吸收无沙尘的贡献,估算的波长幂指数a＝-0.92。另外,计算了北京3次浮尘天气下沙尘气溶胶对吸收系数（520 nm波段）的贡献,计算表明,在浮尘天气影响期间,沙尘气溶胶对吸收系数的贡献平均为32.8%,黑碳气溶胶仍是浮尘影响期间城市气溶胶吸收消光的主要物质。 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正Aims Scope Advances in Atmospheric Sciences(AAS)is an international journal on the dynamics,physics,and chemistry of the atmosphere and ocean with papers across the full range of the atmospheric sciences,co-published bimonthly by Science Press and Springer.The journal includes Articles,Note and Correspondence,and Letters.Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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DING Yihui WU Guoxiong Da-Lin ZHANG ZHANG Renhe Co-Chief Editors 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2014,28(5):669-670
As we will soon celebrate the 90th anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Meteorological Society （CMS）,Acta Meteorologica Sinica （AMS）,which was originally named as Bulletin of the Chinese Meteorological Society,has gone through 89 years of development and excitement since her first issue in July 1925.According to archived documents （CMS Editorial Committee,1925）,AMS was founded to report the research findings of Chinese meteorologists,record their recommendations for improving meteorological services,and share their common meteorological interests in order to promote the growth of AMS such that more members could be inspired to conduct atmospheric research and meteorological knowledge would be better disseminated to and benefit the general public.By upholding and carrying forward this purpose,AMS has published many highly valuable scientific papers.Some could be treated as classical articles,which have produced important influences on both domestic and international meteorological communities and the related fields. 相似文献