共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 451 毫秒
1.
2.
湖北省城市热岛强度变化对区域气温序列的影响 总被引：24，自引：3，他引：21
计算湖北省71个气象站1961～2000年间四季、年平均、最低、最高气温倾向率,绘制其等值线分布图,设计并求取武汉站相对郊区代表站、全省的城市代表站、基本和基准站相对乡村代表站的热岛增温速率和贡献率.结果表明:1)40年来气温倾向率多为正,即呈增温趋势,但时空分布不均,冬季最低气温增速大,夏季最高气温增速小甚至降温,非对称性变化明显,几乎所有情况后20年增温加剧;2)武汉站、全省城市代表站热岛效应影响存在着显著的随时间增大趋势,武汉年平均、最低、最高气温的热岛增温速率分别为0.2、0.37、0℃/10 a,贡献率分别为64.5%、67.3%、0%,而全省城市代表站年3项气温的热岛增温速率略小,贡献率则可达75%以上,有些情况可达100%,且时间差异、非对称性特征与武汉较一致;3)近40年来全省基本和基准站热岛增温贡献率可达60%以上,近20年来还有50%左右.因此,目前根据国家基本、基准站资料建立的温度序列严重地保留着城市化影响. 相似文献
3.
城市化对湖南冬季气温的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
用虚拟乡村站模拟纬度、海拔高度、经度等自然因素对城市站气温的影响,城市站热岛效应用实际测量气温减去虚拟乡村站气温表示。湖南冬季热岛强度在1962—2004年总体上呈上升趋势, 1962—1985年平均热岛强度为0.04 ℃,1985—2004年为0.14 ℃。中等城市站热岛效应大于次小城市站,次大城市郊区站出现了冷岛效应。湖南冬季热岛效应与城市人口呈正相关,与冬季风速呈负相关。 相似文献
4.
兰州市近50年城市热岛强度变化特征 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
利用1956-2005年兰州市日平均气温、日最高气温和日最低气温,分析了近50年兰州市城市热岛效应变化,并利用城区和郊区3种气温的倾向率计算了城市热岛强度倾向率和热岛增温贡献率。结果表明：1956-2005年兰州市3种气温的城郊差均呈逐年上升趋势,平均气温、最高气温和最低气温的倾向率分别为每10年0.371℃、0.169℃和0.654℃,其中,最低气温的城郊差上升最明显。近50年兰州市增温主要发生在后25年（1981-2005年）,前25年除城区最低气温外基本上以降温为主。后25年中,城区年平均气温、最高气温和最低气温倾向率分别为每10年0.789℃、0.997℃和0.625℃,郊区则相应为每10年0.493℃、0.790℃和0.077℃,其中最高气温增温最显著,最低气温增温最少;以年平均、最高和最低气温表示的城市热岛强度的倾向率分别为每10年0.395℃、0.188℃和0.674℃,热岛效应对城区增温的贡献率分别达到87.0%、49.6%和100%。冬季城市和郊区的平均气温和最低气温倾向率最大,但热岛增温贡献率最大的是春、夏季气温,而不是冬季气温;这可能主要与兰州市冬季严重的空气污染有关, 因为其对城市热岛有一定的抑制作用。20世纪80年代以后兰州市热岛效应有增强的趋势,但平均气温和最高气温的热岛增温贡献率除个别季节外有所下降。 相似文献
5.
利用武汉市1961—2010年逐日气温观测资料和1981—2010年城市人口资料,采用城郊对比法、相关分析法、多元线性回归分析等方法,研究了武汉城市热岛效应及其影响要素。结果表明,武汉市自20世纪80年代后热岛效应显著,且随时间发展日益严重,2000年后有所减缓;冬季热岛效应较其他季节明显;最低气温对热岛增温贡献率达83.1%,最高气温和平均气温贡献率分别为33.3%和72.2%。总体而言,武汉为弱热岛强度等级。武汉市城市人口总数与热岛效应有较显著的正相关。气象要素中风速对热岛强度的影响较大。城市人口总数对城市热岛强度的影响更明显,武汉城市热岛受人为影响更严重。 相似文献
6.
利用1961—2004年我国西南地区322个站的气温观测资料, 分析了乡村站、小城市站、大中城市站和国家基准/基本站气温变化趋势特点, 着重研究了城市化对城镇站和国家站地面气温记录的影响程度和相对贡献比例。结果显示:区域平均的各类台站年平均气温呈现不同程度的上升趋势, 城市站、国家站的增温速率均高于乡村站。大中城市站和国家站的年平均热岛增温率分别为0.086 ℃/ 10a和0.052 ℃/10a, 其增温贡献率分别达57.6%和45.3%。与大多数地区不同, 西南地区的增温速率明显偏小。因此, 尽管平均热岛强度变化比许多地区弱, 但其相对贡献明显, 表明城市化对该区域气温趋势的绝对影响较弱, 但相对影响较强。另外, 城市热岛增温有明显的季节变化, 表现为秋季最强, 春季或冬季次之, 夏季最弱。热岛增温贡献率则为春季最大 (100%), 夏季次之 (73%以上), 秋季和冬季相对较小。这主要是因为春、夏两季背景气候变凉或趋势微弱, 热岛增温在实际增温中占有更高的比例。 相似文献
7.
武汉市城市热岛强度非对称性变化 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
利用武汉市区气象站及其周边4个县气象站1960-2005年的气温资料,计算了46 a及分时段的季节和年平均气温、平均最高和最低气温倾向率,城市热岛强度倾向率及其贡献率。结果表明：46 a来,城区和郊区的平均气温均以上升趋势为主,最低气温增幅最大,最高气温增幅最小,甚至下降;冬季增幅最快,夏季增幅最慢,甚至下降,这是第一类非对称性。 城市热岛效应也存在增强趋势,以年平均、最低和最高气温表示的城市热岛强度倾向率分别为0.235℃/10 a、0.425℃/10 a和0.034℃/10 a,热岛效应贡献率分别达到60.4%、67.7%和21.8%,这是第二类非对称性。 46 a来的增温和城市热岛强度加强主要是最近23 a快速增温所致,进入本世纪增温进一步加剧。
摘要 计算了武汉市气象站、周边4县气象站平均的1960～2005年间以及前后两半时段四季和年平均、最高、最低气温倾向率,城市热岛强度倾向率和贡献率。结果表明：1）46年来,城区和郊区的平均气温均以增趋势为主,平均气温倾向率为正,最低气温增幅最大,最高气温增幅最小甚至下降,冬季增幅最快,夏季增幅最慢甚至下降,这是第一类非对称性;2）城市热岛效应也存在增趋势,以年平均、最低、最高气温表示的城市热岛强度倾向率分别为0.235、0.425、0.034 ℃/10a,热岛效应贡献率分别达到60.4%、67.7%、21.8%,这是第二类非对称性,3）46年来的增温和城市热岛强度加强主要是后23年快速增温所致,前23年气温变化不明显。武汉市气象站气温资料严重地保留着城市化影响,建议尽快迁站。
关键词 城市热岛强度 最高气温 最低气温 非对称性变化 相似文献
8.
山东省城市化对区域平均温度序列的影响 总被引：17，自引：3，他引：14
对山东省国家基本/基准站、代表性的城市站与代表性的乡村站1963～2002年共40年的月、季、年平均温度资料进行了对比分析,并对济南站进行了个例研究.从增温趋势看出,城市站和国家基本/基准站比乡村站增温趋势显著.近40年来城市热岛效应增强因素对基本/基准站年平均温度的增温贡献率为27.22%,对所选城市站年平均温度的增温贡献率为21.71%,济南站为23.43%.城市热岛效应增强因素对季节增暖的贡献以夏季为最大,其次是春季和秋季,而冬季最小.因此,目前根据国家基本/基准站资料建立的山东或华北地区平均温度序列在一定程度上保留着城市化的影响,有必要做进一步的检验和订正. 相似文献
9.
根据惠州城市和乡村1961-2004年逐月平均气温资料,对比分析了全球变暖背景下惠州城市和乡村的气温变化。结果表明：城市和乡村年平均气温均表现为增加趋势,气候倾向率分别为0.21和0.13 ℃/10 a,其中冬季变暖最明显。城市气温的增温率和增温幅度都高于乡村,城市化、工业化和人类活动引起的城市热岛效应对城市气温变化有重要影响,年和四季城市热岛效应的增温贡献率为28.9%～56.3%。1990年代中期开始的10 a与前34 a相比,城市年和四季热岛效应增温幅度平均为0.19～0.27 ℃,全球变暖效应增温幅度平均为0.17～0.73 ℃。城市热岛效应对1990年代城市气温突变有重要影响。 相似文献
10.
根据惠州城市和乡村1961-2004年逐月平均气温资料,对比分析了全球变暖背景下惠州城市和乡村的气温变化。结果表明：城市和乡村年平均气温均表现为增加趋势,气候倾向率分别为0.21和0.13 ℃/10 a,其中冬季变暖最明显。城市气温的增温率和增温幅度都高于乡村,城市化、工业化和人类活动引起的城市热岛效应对城市气温变化有重要影响,年和四季城市热岛效应的增温贡献率为28.9%～56.3%。1990年代中期开始的10 a与前34 a相比,城市年和四季热岛效应增温幅度平均为0.19～0.27 ℃,全球变暖效应增温幅度平均为0.17～0.73 ℃。城市热岛效应对1990年代城市气温突变有重要影响。 相似文献
11.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
12.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
13.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
14.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
15.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
16.
17.
<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
18.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
19.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2012,(3):273
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences 相似文献