共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
利用1980-2009年5-9月黑龙江省24个气象站逐月平均气温资料、玉米品种及发育期资料和NCAR/NCEP再分析逐月500 hPa高度格点资料,分析玉米种植期间低温冷害的历史特征和低温冷害期间各类型500 hPa环流月平均距平合成场特征。结果表明：玉米种植期间,8-9月份最容易出现冷害,其余的排序是6、7月和5月。玉米种植期间,北部出现低温冷害的次数最多,东部、中部、西部次之,南部最少;南部出现低温冷害时,北部、中部和西部均出现了低温冷害,东部大部分出现了低温冷害。发生玉米低温冷害的月份,低温冷害发生区域月平均500 hPa高度距平场大多为负距平;玉米低温冷害发生区域对应的500 hPa高度距平值明显具有严重区域小于一般区域小于轻微区域的特征。 相似文献
2.
利用黑龙江省玉米主产区69个市(县)1961~2003年5~9月逐日气温、玉米发育期与冷害资料,用积温距平作为判别玉米低温冷害发生的主导因子,获得玉米主要发育时期冷害发生指标体系及其风险程度,构建玉米低温冷害风险预报模型;分析了43年来玉米低温冷害发生风险的趋势变化,采用Mann-Kendall方法进行趋势检验。结果表明:1961~1983年为玉米冷害发生的高风险时期,其中1964、1969、1972、1983年是玉米冷害发生的最高风险年。1984年之后为冷害发生的低风险时期,尤其在所研究的后几年各地的UskU0.05,表明此时期积温距平水平上升趋势明显,发生玉米冷害的风险很低;玉米低温冷害风险预报模型能够对冷害发生风险、冷害程度、发生范围进行动态预测预报和灾害评估,预报模型的检验结果具有较好的客观性和适用性。 相似文献
3.
黑龙江省延迟型低温冷害气候指标研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
针对影响黑龙江省农业生产的延迟型低温冷害,探讨前人提出的东北地区低温冷害气候指标在黑龙江省的适用性,借鉴前人经验,考虑玉米和水稻种植面积不断北扩等因素,确定黑龙江省延迟型性低温冷害气候指标的技术路线、判识临界值和计算方案。利用1961-2012年黑龙江省27个气象台站5-9月平均气温,以热量指数距平冷害判识指标为参照,考虑低温冷害指标与纬度、经度和海拔高度的密切关系,采用逐步回归法建立黑龙江省延迟型低温冷害气候指标;经过验证,表明该指标判识的低温冷害年与黑龙江省低温冷害的实际和发生规律相符,可作为监测指标;该指标所需数据量小,计算简便,具有实用性和推广价值;可采用该指标对黑龙江省低温冷害的历史发生规律进行分析。 相似文献
4.
低温冷害气象型的初步研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
近几年来,低温冷害的研究多以积温为指标,用数理统计方法分析热量条件和作物生长发育及产量间的定性或定量的关系。本文在调查研究的基础上,从作物受低温危害的关键时段出发,用图示法表示哈尔滨地区(代表黑龙江省南部地区)不同冷害年的气象型。 一、确定低温危害作物的关键时段 黑龙江省受低温危害的作物主要是玉米、高粱和水稻。据研究,玉米,高梁属延迟型冷害;水稻延迟型冷害和障碍型冷害都有。造成玉米延迟生长发育的温度敏感时期,从外部形态上看,是在出苗至八叶期、灌浆至成熟期;高粱是在三叶至七叶期、开花至灌浆期;水稻是在苗期至分蘖期(抽穗前10天前后的低温 相似文献
5.
利用2007年锦州玉米农田生态系统野外观测站玉米生长季辐射资料,对地表反照率综合模型、半经验双层模型和简化双层模型模拟精度进行比较。结果表明：简化双层模型在玉米生育初期模拟能力较差,其他时段模拟能力都较强,尤其在玉米生育后期更为明显;半经验双层模型除在玉米叶面积指数处于最大时期模拟误差较小外,其他时段基本无法模拟。综合模型大部分时段模拟能力都较强,仅在玉米生育后期模拟能力稍差,该模型对实现玉米农田地表反照率动态参数化更为理想,可为改进陆面过程模型提供参考。 相似文献
6.
根据年平均寒积温水平,将东北地区的玉米冷害分成4个区域。在分析各冷害区域年寒积温距平与年减产率关系的基础上,确定东北地区各地无冷害影响年、一般冷害年、严重冷害年的年寒积温距平指标。将危险度、脆弱度和暴露度作为冷害风险的评估因子,建立了冷害风险评估指标体系,并应用层次分析法对各指标赋予权重。建立了冷害危险度与年平均寒积温的回归方程,利用地理因子构建了年平均寒积温空间格点化模型,应用地理信息系统推算东北地区玉米冷害危险度,由危险度、脆弱度和暴露度得到我国东北地区玉米冷害风险指数,并开展风险评估。结果表明:东北地区的玉米冷害风险空间分布呈北侧和南部低、东部中等、西部高,松嫩平原东北部和西北部以及吉林省中北部主要为较高或高风险区,三江平原主要为中等风险区,黑龙江省北部、吉林省东南部和辽宁省主要为较低或低风险区。 相似文献
7.
吉林省是全国主要的水稻产区之一,研究水稻延迟型冷害发生规律及风险性,对于防御冷害和保证水稻安全生产意义重大。基于1961-2008年吉林省46站平均气温资料,建立包括生长季热量变异系数、冷害发生频率、冷害风险指数和冷害发生气候概率4个指标在内的指标体系,对水稻延迟型低温冷害风险进行评估。将4个评价指标进行极差标准化,采用等权重求平均,得到水稻低温冷害气候风险综合指标;将吉林省划分成高、次高、中等、次低和低5个水稻延迟型低温冷害气候风险区域。结果表明：吉林省的东部延边、白山多数地区低温冷害的风险性较大;西部地区大部、四平大部和通化南部低温冷害的风险性较小。 相似文献
8.
黑龙江省玉米干旱与低温冷害复合逆境对产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用1981—2016年黑龙江省玉米农业气象观测站的资料,引入中华人民共和国气象行业标准中水分亏缺指数(K CWDI)、≥10℃积温距平(H)指标,分别对玉米出苗—乳熟期干旱、低温冷害进行判识,规定同一站、同一年内干旱、冷害均有发生为两种灾害复合发生,并分析其时空分布特征,以数理统计方法构建K CWDI和H与玉米产量的关系模型,同时应用比较方法探讨两种灾害单一发生及复合发生的温水逆境对玉米产量的影响。研究结果表明:1981—2016年,研究区玉米出苗—乳熟期K CWDI、H的变化较好表达了研究区水资源空间配置特征及气候变暖趋势;分析期内,研究区玉米出苗—乳熟期累计发生单一干旱242站年,单一冷害76站年,干旱、冷害复合发生91站年;干旱、冷害复合发生随时间呈减少趋势,20世纪90年代中期以前密集发生,之后发生频率下降,空间上呈西多东少趋势,松嫩平原西部为频发区;玉米出苗—乳熟期H和K CWDI与玉米单产存在显著或极显著的相关关系(P<0.05或P<0.01),在一定温度、水分范围内,H减少、K CWDI增大,玉米单产呈下降趋势;总体上,存在干旱、低温冷害单一发生或复合发生程度愈重则单产愈低的趋势。比较干旱、低温冷害复合发生和单一发生对玉米单产的影响可见,复合发生中干旱(低温冷害)的时间、日数、程度等与单一发生的干旱(低温冷害)相当时,则干旱(低温冷害)与低温冷害(干旱)复合发生对玉米单产的影响呈加重趋势。 相似文献
9.
辽宁省玉米低温冷害和霜冻灾害风险评估 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
《气象与环境学报》2016,(1)
玉米是辽宁省第一大粮食作物,研究玉米低温冷害与霜冻灾害的发生规律及风险评估,对防御与温度有关的灾害和保证玉米安全生产意义重大。本文利用1961—2010年辽宁省49个气象站的日平均气温、日最低气温及玉米观测资料,对玉米低温冷害和霜冻灾害风险评价指标进行选取与量化,从灾害的危险性、暴露性和脆弱性方面对灾害的发生风险进行综合分析,并对玉米低温冷害和霜冻灾害进行风险评估及区划。结果表明:辽宁省玉米低温冷害的高风险区主要位于西丰和昌图东部地区,中风险区主要位于辽北和辽东大部地区,其他大部地区则为低风险区或次低风险区。辽宁省玉米霜冻灾害的次高和中等风险区位于建平、西丰及抚顺的清原与新宾地区,低风险区位于环渤海一带及辽南地区。在气候变暖背景下,对辽宁地区玉米低温冷害和霜冻灾害仍需重视。 相似文献
10.
基于ArcGIS Engine的北方作物低温冷害监测评估系统 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对易受气候变化引发的低温冷害灾害,总结常用低温冷害监测、评估方法和指标,结合统计模型,利用地面气象观测数据、气象预报数据和卫星遥感数据,以Microsoft SQL Server 2005数据库作为支持,应用ArcGISEngine开发工具包,在Visual Studio 2005开发环境下,完成了以玉米、水稻为主要粮食作物的北方地区低温冷害监测评估系统的设计与开发,实现了玉米延迟型低温冷害、水稻障碍型低温冷害、年度低温冷害和遥感低温冷害监测,以及玉米、水稻低温冷害影响评估及预测. 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
13.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
16.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
17.
18.
<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
19.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
20.
《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献