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1.
利用逐时FY-2C卫星红外亮温 (TBB) 资料讨论了2007年夏季 (6—8月) 我国深对流活动的时空演变特征,并同10年的深对流活动特征进行了对比分析。从TBB≤-52℃统计特征来看,2007年夏季我国大陆深对流活动主要集中在4个区域:华南沿海地区,青藏高原,云贵高原东部及四川、重庆,江淮流域。我国中东部地区深对流日际变化特征表明:不同月份深对流分布特征不同,深对流活动具有明显的间歇性、波动性特征。对比10年TBB≤-52℃统计结果来看,2007年夏季深对流日变化具有如下异常特征:华南地区深对流具有午后发展特征;青藏高原深对流活动持续时间明显短于10年统计结果,并且东传特征不明显;贵州东部、四川东北部山区、湖北西部山区、山东丘陵地带、江淮流域与华北平原深对流日变化表现出明显的多峰特征;江淮流域深对流日变化具有明显的向东传播特征。 相似文献
2.
利用日本气象研究厅提供的1980年到1997年共18年3h一次的Tbb资料,计算夏季南中国海Tbb多年候平均值,采用研究多年候平均的Tbb≤-10C低值带的变化特征,来研究夏季南中国海对流活动的季节变化特征,揭示对流什么时候开始影响三亚飞行情报区和三亚飞行情报区哪块区域受对流影响最大.结果表明南海夏季对流在6月2候开始活跃,即三亚飞行情报区东南部对流开始活跃;6月5候、7月6候、8月4候对流活动对三亚飞行情报区东南部影响极大;南海对流活动具有明显的区域权重性,对流活动主要在南海东南部海面上,对三亚飞行情报区东南部影响较大;对流强度有明显的月内振荡;对流活动区域呈明显东西向振荡. 相似文献
3.
利用日本气象研究厅提供的1980年到1997年共18年3h一次的Tbb资料,计算夏季南中国海T bb多年候平均值,采用研究多年候平均的T bb≤-10℃低值带的变化特征,来研究夏季南中国海对流活动的季节变化特征,揭示对流什么时候开始影响三亚飞行情报区和三亚飞行情报区哪块区域受对流影响最大。结果表明南海夏季对流在6月2候开始活跃,即三亚飞行情报区东南部对流开始活跃;6月5候、7月6候、8月4候对流活动对三亚飞行情报区东南部影响极大;南海对流活动具有明显的区域权重性,对流活动主要在南海东南部海面上,对三亚飞行情报区东南部影响较大;对流强度有明显的月内振荡;对流活动区域呈明显东西向振荡。 相似文献
4.
为了分析南海夏季风活动不同阶段的大气环流特征,引入南海区域(105~120°E,5~20°N)平均高(200 hPa)低(850 hPa)层风场和向外长波辐射(OLR)作为南海夏季风指数。分析结果表明这些指数的组合可以较好地反映南海夏季风季节内以下时间尺度的活动情况。当南海地区低层平均为西南风、高层为东北风且OLR异常(OLRa)小于零时,南海夏季风处于活跃期,此时副高远离南海,南海区域对流强盛,有明显的季风槽;当南海地区低层为西南风,高层为东北风,但是OLRa大于零时,南海夏季风处于不活跃阶段,此时副高远离南海,虽然南海地区对流不活跃,但是季风环流依然存在且向北扩展,使得华南-江南对流活跃;当南海地区风场为其他情况时,此时不论对流强弱,南海夏季风处于中断期,南海或者受副高控制,或者受热带气旋影响,季风环流在南海地区中断。利用定义的南海夏季风活动指标对2011年和2012年南海夏季风活动进行分析,结果指出这两年南海夏季风活跃期较长,季节内对流北传事件一般发生在南海夏季风活跃期或活跃期向非活跃期的转换期,而中断期即使有强对流发生,也不会向北传播。分析了这两年中断和不活跃情况下的大气环流分布,进一步验证了定义的南海夏季风活动指标的实用性。 相似文献
5.
中国暖季短时强降水分布和日变化特征及其与中尺度对流系统日变化关系分析 总被引：18，自引：2，他引：16
短时强降水是强对流天气的一类.基于中国国家气象信息中心质量控制后的1991-2009年876个基本基准气象站整点逐时降水资料,通过不同时段的发生时次频率分析,给出了中国暖季(4-9月)不小于10、20、30、40、50 mm/h短时强降水的时空分布特征,并重点同利用静止气象卫星红外相当黑体亮度温度(TBB)资料获得的中尺度对流系统(MCS)日变化特征进行了对比分析.结果表明,中国短时强降水时次频率地理分布同暴雨(≥50mm/d)分布都非常相似,但50mm/h以上的短时强降水时次频率非常低,地理分布差异显着.短时强降水发生频率最高的区域为华南,其次为云南南部、四川盆地、贵州南部、江西和长江下游等地.最大降水强度可超过180mm/h(海南);在短时强降水发生频率很低的区域,也有超过50mm/h的强降水.从月际变化来看,7月最为活跃,其次为8月.逐候变化显示,短时强降水具有显着的间歇性发展特征(跳跃性分布的特征),但总体上呈现缓慢增强、迅速减弱的特点;以7月第4候最为活跃.中国总体平均的短时强降水的频率和最大强度的日变化有3个峰值,主峰在午后(16-17时,北京时),次峰在午夜后(01-02时)和早晨(07-08时);中午前后(10-13时)最不活跃.中国短时强降水和中尺度对流系统的日变化特征基本一致,但午夜后时段二者存在较大差异.不同区域的短时强降水和中尺度对流系统日变化具有不同的活跃时段和传播特征,具有单峰型、双峰型、多峰型和持续活跃型等日变化类型,这不仅与较大尺度的天气系统环流相关,且与地势、海陆等地理分布密切相关. 相似文献
6.
热带对流活动异常对华南前汛期旱涝影响的诊断分析 总被引：5，自引：14，他引：5
利用月平均OLR资料，分析了影响华南前汛期旱涝的前期与同期中低续对流活动异常的分布特征，结果表明菲律宾附近海域与赤道中东太平洋对流活动的异常是影响前汛期旱涝的重要因子；前期冬季西太平洋暖池附近对流活动异常变化则是旱涝前期一个强的征兆信号，分析中还揭示了东亚太平洋中低纬Hadley环流的异常直接影响到华南前汛期旱涝。为了探讨前汛期旱涝成因，文中进一步分析了北半球大气环流动力结构对菲律宾附近海域对流活动异常的响应，提出该海域对流活动的异常可通过影响大气环流的遥相关波列而影响华南前汛期旱涝的可能途径。 相似文献
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《气象学报》2017,(1)
利用1982—2011年夏季(5—8月)中国气象观测站点逐日降水资料、NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料、NOAA逐日向外长波辐射和海表温度资料集,通过选取低频降水事件的方法,分析了华南夏季12—30 d持续性强降水事件的基本特征,然后利用位相合成法对持续性强降水期间伴随的低频大气环流型以及低频信号的来源和传播情况进行研究,同时也分析了低频海-气耦合过程对持续性强降水的影响。结果表明:(1)华南夏季降水具有显著的12—30 d低频振荡特征,持续性强降水事件在6月发生次数最多,低频降水期间的雨带自东南向西北传播。(2)在持续性强降水发生期间,华南及邻近海域低层受强大的低频气旋式环流控制,低频上升运动显著,而中国南海—菲律宾海一带则是强的低频反气旋式环流,其西侧向北的低频水汽输送不断将中国南海的水汽送至华南及邻近海域进行辐合上升。低层的低频信号来源于热带西太平洋和中国南海—菲律宾海一带低频振荡的西北向传播,同时伴随着西太平洋副热带高压明显的西伸东退过程。(3)在高层,华南北侧(22°—45°N,95°—130°E)区域强大的低频气旋式环流和孟加拉湾—中国南海一带的低频反气旋式环流相互配合,使华南高层处于强大的辐散环境中,从而加强了华南低层的辐合与低频上升运动,造成持续性强降水的增强。高层的低频信号来源于低频罗斯贝波列的东南向传播。(4)低频大气环流异常通过云辐射和热通量过程改变低频海表温度异常,而由大气强迫的低频海表温度异常通过影响低层大气的稳定性来对大气施加明显的反馈作用,该海-气耦合过程有利于大气低层低频信号向华南地区传播,从而影响了华南持续性强降水的发生、发展与结束。 相似文献
9.
利用1982-2011年夏季（5-8月）中国气象观测站点逐日降水资料、NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料、NOAA逐日向外长波辐射和海表温度资料集,通过选取低频降水事件的方法,分析了华南夏季12-30 d持续性强降水事件的基本特征,然后利用位相合成法对持续性强降水期间伴随的低频大气环流型以及低频信号的来源和传播情况进行研究,同时也分析了低频海-气耦合过程对持续性强降水的影响。结果表明：（1）华南夏季降水具有显著的12-30 d低频振荡特征,持续性强降水事件在6月发生次数最多,低频降水期间的雨带自东南向西北传播。（2）在持续性强降水发生期间,华南及邻近海域低层受强大的低频气旋式环流控制,低频上升运动显著,而中国南海-菲律宾海一带则是强的低频反气旋式环流,其西侧向北的低频水汽输送不断将中国南海的水汽送至华南及邻近海域进行辐合上升。低层的低频信号来源于热带西太平洋和中国南海-菲律宾海一带低频振荡的西北向传播,同时伴随着西太平洋副热带高压明显的西伸东退过程。（3）在高层,华南北侧（22°-45°N,95°-130°E）区域强大的低频气旋式环流和孟加拉湾-中国南海一带的低频反气旋式环流相互配合,使华南高层处于强大的辐散环境中,从而加强了华南低层的辐合与低频上升运动,造成持续性强降水的增强。高层的低频信号来源于低频罗斯贝波列的东南向传播。（4）低频大气环流异常通过云辐射和热通量过程改变低频海表温度异常,而由大气强迫的低频海表温度异常通过影响低层大气的稳定性来对大气施加明显的反馈作用,该海-气耦合过程有利于大气低层低频信号向华南地区传播,从而影响了华南持续性强降水的发生、发展与结束。 相似文献
10.
利用1979—2013年NCEP再分析向外长波辐射、降水率和ENSO指数资料,运用联合经验正交函数等诊断方法,分析了南海区域各季对流活动年内、年际尺度变化特征和年际变化与同期ENSO指数的关系。结果表明：南海南部对流活动各月之间少变,南海中北部区域对流被抑制期和活跃期均较为持久,对流活跃区5月中旬中期跳跃北扩,9月后由北向南缓慢撤退;南海区域秋、冬和春季变化表现出良好的全区一致性,冬季对流活动较好地保留了上年秋季的异常状态,并进一步稳定地持续到春季;秋、冬和春季活动的年际变化很可能受ENSO调制,厄尔尼诺状态下,南海对流活动受抑制,拉尼娜状态下相反;夏季对流活动表现出南北反向型和全区一致型的两类重要年际变化形态,前者可能受ENSO的调制,厄尔尼诺抑制南端对流而使北端对流更活跃,后者有明显的线性趋势,气候变暖使夏季南海上空对流更活跃;春季对流的异常状态很难持续到夏季。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
13.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
14.
Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
15.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2013,(1):67
正AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters (AOSL) publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome.SUBMISSIONAll submitted 相似文献
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<正>With the support of specialized funds for national science institutions,the Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology,China Meteorological Administration set up in October 2008 an experiment base for marine meteorology and a number of observation systems for the coastal boundary layer,air-sea flux,marine environmental elements,and basic meteorological elements at Bohe town,Maoming city,Guangdong province,in the northern part of the South China Sea. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,7(6):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） publishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmosphere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献
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《大气和海洋科学快报》2014,(5):F0003-F0003
AIMS AND SCOPE Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters （AOSL） pub- lishes short research letters on all disciplines of the atmos- phere sciences and physical oceanography. Contributions from all over the world are welcome. 相似文献